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Zhou Y, Chen R, Kong L, Sun Y, Deng J. Neuroimmune communication in allergic rhinitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1282130. [PMID: 38178883 PMCID: PMC10764552 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1282130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) is high worldwide. The inhalation of allergens induces AR, which is an immunoglobulin E-mediated and type 2 inflammation-driven disease. Recently, the role of neuroimmune communication in AR pathogenesis has piqued the interest of the scientific community. Various neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU), released via "axon reflexes" or "central sensitization" exert regulatory effects on immune cells to elicit "neurogenic inflammation," which contributes to nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) in AR. Additionally, neuropeptides can be produced in immune cells. The frequent colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at certain anatomical regions promotes the establishment of neuroimmune cell units, such as nerve-mast cells, nerve-type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), nerve-eosinophils and nerve-basophils units. Receptors expressed both on immune cells and neurons, such as TRPV1, TRPA1, and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediate AR pathogenesis. This review focused on elucidating the mechanisms underlying neuroimmune communication in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
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Carvalho T, Mello Jr JFD, Caldini ETEG, Salgado DC, Carvalho NMGD, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Voegels RL. Perivascular Innervation in the Nasal Mucosa and Clinical Findings in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Idiopathic Rhinitis. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 27:e723-e732. [PMID: 37876708 PMCID: PMC10593529 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The nonspecific hyperreactivity of rhinitis has been attributed to neurotrophins activating sensory nerves and inflammatory cells. The relationship between these markers and the intensity of the symptoms is not well established and few studies have evaluated individuals with idiopathic rhinitis. Objective The present study aims to evaluate whether perivascular innervation and nerve growth factor (NGF) are related to the intensity of the clinical conditions in allergic rhinitis (AR) and idiopathic rhinitis (IR). Methods A total of 15 patients with AR and 15 patients with IR with the indication for inferior turbinectomy (associated or not with septoplasty) were selected. The patients received a score according to their signs and symptoms. After the surgery, we quantified eosinophils, mast cells, NGF, and nerve fibers in the nasal turbinate. Results The score of the signs and symptoms was higher in the AR group. Nerve growth factor was found in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells in the submucosa in greater quantity in the AR group. The nerve fibers were distributed throughout the tissue, mainly in the subepithelial, glandular, and vascular regions, and there was no difference between the groups. Greater perivascular innervation was associated with a higher signs and symptoms score. Conclusions We concluded that these findings suggest that the NGF produced by submucosal inflammatory cells stimulates increased perivascular innervation in rhinitis, thus directly reflecting in more intense clinical conditions, especially in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ferreira de Mello Jr
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Grupo de Alergia em Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elia Tamaso Espin Garcia Caldini
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pathology Department, Cellular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilsa Regina Damaceno-Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratórios de Investigação Médica (LIM 59), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard Louis Voegels
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Klimek L, Werminghaus P, Bergmann C, Hagemann J, Huppertz T, Bärhold F, Klimek F, Dziadziulia K, Casper I, Polk ML, Cuevas M, Gröger M, Becker S. [Neuroimmunology of allergic rhinitis : Part 1: Cellular and humoral basic principles]. HNO 2023; 71:337-346. [PMID: 37041304 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common disease with a high prevalence worldwide. It is an IgE-mediated type 2 inflammatory disease following exposure to inhalant allergens. A multitude of different neuropeptides including substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU) can be released via peripheral axon or central reflexes, interact with immune cells, and thus contribute to neurogenic inflammation which causes the nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) characteristic of AR. Independent production of neuroendocrine hormones and neuropeptides by immune cells has also been demonstrated. Neuro-immune cell units arise when immune and neuronal cells colocalize, for which typical anatomic regions are, e.g., the mast cell-nerve functional unit. The focus of this review is the elucidation of neuroimmune communication mechanisms in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
| | - P Werminghaus
- Praxis für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde und Allergologie, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - C Bergmann
- Praxis für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde, Klinik RKM 740, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J Hagemann
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - T Huppertz
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - F Bärhold
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - F Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - K Dziadziulia
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - I Casper
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - M-L Polk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Cuevas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Gröger
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik München, München, Deutschland
| | - S Becker
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
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Nerve growth factor causes epinephrine release dysfunction by regulating phenotype alterations and the function of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells in mice with allergic rhinitis. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:39. [PMID: 36601769 PMCID: PMC9835056 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is an increased risk factor for the occurrence of bronchial asthma (BA). Nerve growth factor (NGF), in addition to its key role in the development and differentiation of neurons, may also be an important inflammatory factor in AR and BA. However, the pathogenesis of the progression of AR to BA remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of NGF to mediate nasobronchial interactions and explore possible underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, an AR mouse model was established and histology of nasal mucosa tissue injury was determined. The level of phenylethanolamine N‑methyl transferase in adrenal medulla was determined by immunofluorescence. Primary adrenal medullary chromaffin cells (AMCCs) were isolated and cultured from the adrenal medulla of mice. The expression levels of synaptophysin (SYP), STAT1, JAK1, p38 and ERK in NGF‑treated and untreated AMCCs were detected by reverse‑transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. The epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were measured by ELISA. It was found that the expression of SYP in AMCCs was enhanced in the presence of NGF, whereas, the concentration of EPI decreased significantly under the same conditions. Furthermore, NGF mediated the phenotypic and functional changes of AMCCs, resulting in decreased EPI secretion via JAK1/STAT1, p38 and ERK signaling. In conclusion, these findings could provide novel evidence for the role of NGF in regulating neuroendocrine mechanisms.
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Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN, Koulias C, Petalas K, Makris M. Further Understanding of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Allergy: Implications in Pathophysiology and Role in Disease Progression. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 36117919 PMCID: PMC9473548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated interaction between the central and the autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric) nervous systems on the one hand and the immune system and its components, on the other hand, seems to substantially contribute to allergy pathophysiology, uncovering an under-recognized association that could have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Neurons connect directly with and regulate the function of many immune cells, including mast cells, the cells that have a leading role in allergic disorders. Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, neurotrophins, chemokines, and neuropeptides are released by immune cells, which stimulate sensory neurons. The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides caused by the activation of these neurons directly impacts the functional activity of immune cells and vice versa, playing a decisive role in this communication. Successful application of Pavlovian conditioning in allergic disorders supports the existence of a psychoneuroimmunological interplay in classical allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Activation of neuronal homeostatic reflexes, like sneezing in allergic rhinitis, coughing in allergic asthma, and vomiting in food allergy, offers additional evidence of a neuroimmunological interaction that aims to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction may cause overstimulation of the immune system that will produce profound symptoms and exaggerated hemodynamic responses that will lead to severe allergic pathophysiological events, including anaphylaxis. In this article, we have systematically reviewed and discussed the evidence regarding the role of the neuro-immune interactions in common allergic clinical modalities like allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. It is essential to understand unknown – to most of the immunology and allergy experts – neurological networks that not only physiologically cooperate with the immune system to regulate homeostasis but also pathogenetically interact with more or less known immunological pathways, contribute to what is known as neuroimmunological inflammation, and shift homeostasis to instability and disease clinical expression. This understanding will provide recognition of new allergic phenotypes/endotypes and directions to focus on specialized treatments, as the era of personalized patient-centered medicine, is hastening apace.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos N Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Koulias
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Neurotrophic factors and nerve growth factor in ocular allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 19:510-516. [PMID: 31145195 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During allergic reaction, nervous and immune systems mutually interact through release of mediators, including neurotrophic factors and nerve growth factor (NGF). These mediators modulate allergic reaction through binding their receptors expressed by immune and structural cells and by stimulating neuropeptide release by nerves. The role of neuropeptides and NGF has been demonstrated in allergic asthma and rhinitis, and, to a lesser extent, in allergic conjunctivitis. The aim of this review are to elucidate the evidence of the role of NGF and neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of allergic conjunctivitis. RECENT FINDINGS NGF modulates allergic reaction by stimulating release of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides by immune and structural cells and nerve endings at the site of inflammation. Evidence showed that local and systemic NGF levels increase in patients with allergic conjunctivitis, including allergic rhinoconjuncivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. We recently described an increase of conjunctival p75NTR expression in patients with allergic rhinoconjuncivitis, and an increase of tear levels of NGF after conjunctival provocation test with allergen. SUMMARY NGF modulates ocular allergic reaction. Increasing understanding of the role of neuropeptides in allergic conjunctivitis may pave the way to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and improvement of patients' management.
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Abstract
Fibrosis is a medical condition characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix compounds such as collagen in tissues. Fibrotic lesions are present in many diseases and can affect all organs. The excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in these conditions can often have serious consequences and in many cases be life-threatening. A typical event seen in many fibrotic conditions is a profound accumulation of mast cells (MCs), suggesting that these cells can contribute to the pathology. Indeed, there is now substantialv evidence pointing to an important role of MCs in fibrotic disease. However, investigations from various clinical settings and different animal models have arrived at partly contradictory conclusions as to how MCs affect fibrosis, with many studies suggesting a detrimental role of MCs whereas others suggest that MCs can be protective. Here, we review the current knowledge of how MCs can affect fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gao XW, Zhang XM, Liu HY, Wang SS, Dong HJ. Mechanism of interaction between ocular and nasal neurogenic inflammation in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2283-2294. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-01066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Melamed I. The Benefit of Montelukast in Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Food Allergies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/2455-8141.000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tan H, Pan P, Zhang L, Cao Z, Liu B, Li H, Su X. Nerve growth factor promotes expression of costimulatory molecules and release of cytokines in dendritic cells involved in Th2 response through LPS-induced p75NTR. J Asthma 2016; 53:989-98. [PMID: 27437725 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1185440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in asthmatic inflammatory responses. However, the effects of NGF on dendritic cells (DCs) in asthmatic inflammation remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of NGF on co-stimulatory molecules and the release of cytokines after ovalbumin (OVA) and a low dose of LPS (low LPS) stimulation of dendritic cells. METHODS Bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were collected from 6- to 8-week-old wide or TLR4(-/-) mice. BMDCs were treated with OVA and/or low LPS for 12h, and then stimulated with NGF for 24h. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to measure TSLP, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 production and MHCII and CD86 expression on BMDCs. BMDCs were exposed to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) inhibitor (TAT-Pep5) or NF-kB inhibitor (QNZ) 30 min prior to NGF 1 h after NGF intervention, the levels of RelA and RelB in cytoplasmic and nuclear were detected by west blot. Co-cultured BMDCs with naïve CD4(+) T cells, and ELISA was used to detect IL-4 and INF-γ levels. RESULTS NGF was found to markedly promote OVA and low LPS-induced expression of MHCII, CD86, secretion of TSLP and IL-6, and Th2-response-stimulating capacity of BMDCs. NGF affected BMDCs through LPS-induced p75NTR expression. TAT-Pep5 or QNZ could attenuate the promotive effect of NGF. CONCLUSIONS NGF facilitates OVA with lowLPS-induced maturation of mouse BMDCs through LPS-up-regulated p75 NTR via activation of NF-κB pathways, providing another mechanism for the involvement of NGF in the Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Tan
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- b Department of Thoracic Medicine , Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Zu Cao
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Ben Liu
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Haitao Li
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a central role in tissue homoeostasis, sensing the local environment through numerous innate cell surface receptors. This enables them to respond rapidly to perceived tissue insults with a view to initiating a co-ordinated programme of inflammation and repair. However, when the tissue insult is chronic, the ongoing release of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators, proteases, cytokines and chemokines leads to tissue damage and remodelling. In asthma, there is strong evidence of ongoing MC activation, and their mediators and cell-cell signals are capable of regulating many facets of asthma pathophysiology. This article reviews the evidence behind this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Hom MM, Bielory L. The anatomical and functional relationship between allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY 2014; 4:e110-9. [PMID: 24498515 PMCID: PMC3911799 DOI: 10.2500/ar.2013.4.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous anatomic connections between the allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. The most obvious reason is the physical connection via the nasolacrimal apparatus. However, a closer look at innervation, circulatory, lymphatic, and neurogenic systems reveals much more than a physical connection. The eye is richly innervated by parasympathetic nerves that enter the eyes after traveling in conjunction with the parasympathetic input to the nasal cavity. Parasympathetic innervation governing the tear film and nasal secretion can intersect at the pterygopalatine ganglion. Neurogenic inflammation affects both the eye and the nose as evidenced by the presence of the same neurogenic factors. Venous flow is in the SOV area connecting the eye and the nose, once thought to be without valves. In the past, this thinking is the basis for concern about the danger triangle of the face. Recent literature has shown otherwise. Although valves are present, there are still pathways where bidirectional flow exists and a venous connection is made. The most likely area for venous communication is the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus. The venous flow and connections also offers a pathway for allergic shiners. Understanding the mutual connections between the nasal mucosa and the ocular surface can also affect treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard Bielory
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Indo Y. Nerve growth factor, pain, itch and inflammation: lessons from congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 10:1707-24. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Castano R, Welman M, Trudeau C, Castellanos L, Maghni K, Malo JL. Specific inhalation challenge with flour induced release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in nasal fluid. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013; 4:49-55. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castano
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Montreal; Montreal Canada
- Chronic Disease Research Division; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - Melanie Welman
- Chronic Disease Research Division; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - Carole Trudeau
- Chronic Disease Research Division; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - Lucero Castellanos
- Chronic Disease Research Division; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - Karim Maghni
- Chronic Disease Research Division; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montreal Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Malo
- Chronic Disease Research Division; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montreal Canada
- Chest Department; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; Montreal Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nerve growth factor (NGF) is the main neurotrophin, which, besides being an important growth factor for nerves, plays an important role as a mediator of inflammation. Nerve growth factor has been shown to increase in relation to stress stimuli and in allergic diseases in humans as well as after physical exercise in animal models. This study aims at evaluating NGF serum levels in top athletes, a population sample in which allergic and neuro-immune diseases are reported with a significantly increased prevalence. DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. SETTING Institutional, tertiary care. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-six Italian pre-Olympic athletes (44 allergic and 52 nonallergic) and 49 matched controls selected within the Italian National Olympic delegation (n = 435). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Nerve growth factor serum levels determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parametric or nonparametric tests were used for comparing NGF serum levels among different study groups depending on value distributions. RESULTS Nerve growth factor serum levels were significantly higher in athletes than in controls independently from the presence of allergy. Nerve growth factor mean values were 368.3 ± 776.3 pg/mL in the sample of athletes and 174.1 ± 483.7 pg/mL in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing that intense and prolonged physical exercise is associated with an increase of NGF serum levels in athletes. Whether the increased NGF production might be linked to the prevalent Th2 response observed in allergic diseases and after physical exercise and whether it might be related to the patophysiology of neuro-immune disorders as such amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, reported with a higher prevalence in athletes, should deserve further investigations.
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Gelincik A, Aydın F, Ozerman B, Ergüven M, Aydın S, Bilir A, Genç S, Eroğlu H, Colakoğlu B, Erden S, Büyüköztürk S. Enhanced nerve growth factor expression by mast cells does not differ significantly between idiopathic and allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 108:396-401. [PMID: 22626591 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of neurotrophins in allergic rhinitis (AR) has been well studied, but it has not been evaluated in idiopathic rhinitis (IR). OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the nasal β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) expressions of mast cells in patients with AR and IR. METHODS Seventeen patients with house dust mites-induced persistent moderate/severe allergic rhinitis (mean age: 29.7 ± 11.96), 14 patients with idiopathic rhinitis (mean age, 29.3 ± 10.62), and 16 healthy controls (29.9 ± 11.57) were included in the study. Nasal biopsy specimens were taken from the posterior part of the inferior turbinate from all of the study subjects. Nasal β-nerve growth factor and its receptors, pan-neurotrophin receptor p75, and tyrosine kinase A (trkA) were assessed with an immunofluorescence assay. Mast cells were determined by both an immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemistry as tryptase-positive cells. RESULTS The β-NGF, trkA, and p75 receptor counts were significantly higher in AR and IR patients than in the control group (P < .001, for each), but they were not different between AR and IR patients. Similarly, the ratio of β-NGF+ mast cells/total mast cells and the ratio of β-NGF+ mast cells/total β-NGF+ cells in AR and IR patients was found to be elevated when compared with the control group (P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, and P = .046, respectively); furthermore, the 2 ratios were not statistically different between the 2 patient groups. CONCLUSION The increase in β-NGF-expressing mast cells does not differ between idiopathic and allergic rhinitis. Therefore, we propose that mast cells do play a role in the pathogenesis of IR as important as in that of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Gelincik
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey.
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Zhang QL, Qiao LY. Regulation of IGF-1 but not TGF-β1 by NGF in the smooth muscle of the inflamed urinary bladder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 177:73-8. [PMID: 22579999 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CYP) causes hemorrhagic cystitis with excess growth of muscular layer leading to bladder hypertrophy; this could be attributable to changes in the expression profiles of growth factors in the inflamed urinary bladder. The growth factors characterized in the current study include nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. We found that following CYP injection for 8 h and 48 h, the mRNA levels of all three factors were increased in the inflamed bladder when compared to control. The level of NGF mRNA was mainly increased in the urothelium layer while the levels of IGF-1 mRNA and TGF-β1 mRNA were increased in the smooth muscle layer. The level of NGF high affinity receptor TrkA mRNA was also increased in both the urothelium and the smooth muscle layers during bladder inflammation. When we blocked NGF action with NGF neutralizing antibody in vivo, we found that the up-regulation of IGF-1 in the inflamed bladder was reversed while the up-regulation of TGF-β1 was not affected by NGF neutralization. The effect of NGF on regulating IGF-1 expression was further confirmed in bladder smooth muscle culture showing that exogenous NGF increased the mRNA level of IGF-1 after 30 min to 1 h stimulation. These results suggested that bladder inflammation induced region-specific changes in the expression profiles of NGF, IGF-1 and TGF-β1. The up-regulation of NGF in the urothelium may have a role in affecting bladder smooth muscle cell physiology by regulating IGF-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing L Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Sawaki H, Nakamura F, Aihara M, Nagashima Y, Komori-Yamaguchi J, Yamashita N, Nakazawa M, Goshima Y, Ikezawa Z. Intranasal Administration of Semaphorin-3A Alleviates Sneezing and Nasal Rubbing in a Murine Model of Allergic Rhinitis. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 117:34-44. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11005fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Ye YL, Wu HT, Lin CF, Hsieh CY, Wang JY, Liu FH, Ma CT, Bei CH, Cheng YL, Chen CC, Chiang BL, Tsao CW. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 2 regulates nerve growth factor release to induce airway inflammation via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 300:L216-24. [PMID: 21097523 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00165.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 2 (Der p2) induces airway inflammation without protease activity, and elevated nerve growth factor (NGF) levels are also found in this inflammation. How the allergen Der p2 regulates NGF release via reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce inflammation remains unclear. In the present study, intratracheal administration of Der p2 to mice led to inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus gland hyperplasia, and NGF upregulation in the bronchial epithelium, as well as elevated ROS and NGF production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. In addition, Der p2 caused fibrocyte accumulation and mild fibrosis. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors inhibited Der p2-induced NGF release in LA4 lung epithelial cells and MLg lung fibroblasts. Pretreatment with an antioxidant, tiron, reduced the Der p2-induced ROS production, NGF expression and release, p38 MAPK or JNK phosphorylation, and airway inflammation. These results suggest that Der p2 allergen-induced airway inflammation and elevated NGF release were through increasing ROS production and a MAPK-dependent pathway. The use of an antioxidant, tiron, may provide a new therapeutic modality for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:87-92. [PMID: 20026987 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283355458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic rhinitis is characterized by allergic airway inflammation and a hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli which is partly neuronally controlled. In this regard, neurotrophins are prime candidates as mediators of neuronal and immunological plasticity and they will be the focus of the current review. RECENT FINDINGS Neurotrophins including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are expressed in the nasal mucosa. The majority of NGF expression has been found in eosinophil granulocytes, the glandular apparatus and peripheral nerves. As shown recently, nasal allergen provocation upregulates BDNF expression in nasal mucosa and NGF expression on peripheral nerves and nasal lavage in patients with allergic rhinitis. In this regard, increased BDNF expression positively correlates with the maximum increase in total nasal symptom score. The neurotrophin receptors including pan-neurotrophin receptor p75, tyrosine kinase A (trkA) and trkB are expressed in nasal tissue. TrkA is expressed on endothelial, p75 on peripheral nerves and trkB on nasal mucosa mast cells that decreases after allergen provocation. The expression of these neurotrophin receptors is increased on peripheral blood eosinophils in allergic rhinitis compared with nonatopic controls. Further, BDNF and NGF exert immunomodulatory functions on eosinophils of patients with allergic rhinitis. Finally, eosinophils of patients with allergic rhinitis are capable of BDNF and NGF production. SUMMARY Neurotrophins represent prime candidates in upper airway pathophysiology in allergic rhinitis. Research on neurotrophins in allergic rhinitis is thus becoming a progressively more exciting field and may reveal new and promising therapeutic options for the future.
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Effect of 5-aminosalicylate on allergic rhinitis model in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:713-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Okano M. Mechanisms and clinical implications of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:164-73. [PMID: 19737138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a common airway disease characterized by hypersensitivity, exudation, hypersecretion, inflammatory cell infiltration and remodelling. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids are the most effective drugs for controlling the inflammation caused by allergic rhinitis. Glucocorticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory effects through at least two pathways: the transactivation pathway and the transrepression pathway. Glucocorticosteroids also exert regulatory functions by inducing regulatory cytokines and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3(+)) regulatory T cells. Evidence suggests that intranasal glucocorticosteroids control not only nasal symptoms but also ocular symptoms. In contrast to sedating H1 receptor antagonists, intranasal glucocorticosteroids can improve impaired performance symptoms, such as daytime sleepiness, associated with allergic rhinitis. Recent studies suggest that intranasal glucocorticosteroids might also be useful for the prophylactic treatment of pollinosis; this possibility is supported by the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticosteroids. These findings suggest that intranasal glucocorticosteroids might be positioned as first-line drugs for the treatment of both perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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