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Yan M, Hao Q, Diao S, Zhou F, Yichen C, Jiang N, Zhao C, Ren XR, Yu F, Tong J, Wang D, Liu H. Smart Home Sleep Respiratory Monitoring System Based on a Breath-Responsive Covalent Organic Framework. ACS NANO 2024; 18:728-737. [PMID: 38118144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
A smart home sleep respiratory monitoring system based on a breath-responsive covalent organic framework (COF) was developed and utilized to monitor the sleep respiratory behavior of real sleep apnea patients in this work. The capacitance of the interdigital electrode chip coated with COFTPDA-TFPy exhibits thousands-level reversible responses to breath humidity gases, with subsecond response time and robustness against environmental humidity. A miniaturized printed circuit board, an open-face-mask-based respiratory sensor, and a smartphone app were constructed for the wearable wireless smart home sleep respiratory monitoring system. Leveraging the sensitive and rapid reversible response of COFs, the COF-based respiratory monitoring system can effectively record normal breath, rapid breath, and breath apnea, enabling over a thousand cycles of hour-level continuous monitoring during daily wear. Next, we took the groundbreaking step of advancing the humidity sensor to the clinical trial stage. In clinical experiments on real sleep apnea patients, the COF-based respiratory monitoring system successfully recorded hour-level sleep respiratory data and differentiated the breathing behavior characteristics and severity of sleep apnea patients and subjects with normal sleep function and primary snoring patients. This work successfully advanced humidity sensors into clinical research for real patients and demonstrated the enormous application potential of COF materials in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yichen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2# Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
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Chronic lifestyle diseases display seasonal sensitive comorbid trend in human population evidence from Google Trends. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207359. [PMID: 30540756 PMCID: PMC6291106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and human physiological changes are important factors in the development of many diseases. But, the study of genuine seasonal impact on these diseases is difficult to measure due to many other environment and lifestyle factors which directly affect these diseases. However, several clinical studies have been conducted in different parts of the world, and it has clearly indicated that certain groups of population are highly subjected to seasonal changes, and their maladaptation can possibly lead to several disorders/diseases. Thus, it is crucial to study the significant seasonal sensitive diseases spread across the human population. To narrow down these disorders/diseases, the study hypothesized that high altitude (HA) associated diseases and disorders are of the strong variants of seasonal physiologic changes. It is because, HA is the only geographical condition for which humans can develop very efficient physiological adaptation mechanism called acclimatization. To study this hypothesis, PubMed was used to collect the HA associated symptoms and disorders. Disease Ontology based semantic similarity network (DSN) and disease-drug networks were constructed to narrow down the benchmark diseases and disorders of HA. The DSN which was further subjected to different community structure analysis uncovered the highly associated or possible comorbid diseases of HA. The predicted 12 lifestyle diseases were assumed to be “seasonal (sensitive) comorbid lifestyle diseases (SCLD)”. A time series analyses on Google Search data of the world from 2004–2016 was conducted to investigate whether the 12 lifestyle diseases have seasonal patterns. Because, the trends were sensitive to the term used as benchmark; the temporal relationships among the 12 disease search volumes and their temporal sequences similarity by dynamic time warping analyses was used to predict the comorbid diseases. Among the 12 lifestyle diseases, the study provides an indirect evidence in the existence of severe seasonal comorbidity among hypertension, obesity, asthma and fibrosis diseases, which is widespread in the world population. Thus, the present study has successfully addressed this issue by predicting the SCLD, and indirectly verified them among the world population using Google Search Trend. Furthermore, based on the SCLD seasonal trend, the study also classified them as severe, moderate, and mild. Interestingly, seasonal trends of the severe seasonal comorbid diseases displayed an inverse pattern between USA (Northern hemisphere) and New Zealand (Southern hemisphere). Further, knowledge in the so called “seasonal sensitive populations” physiological response to seasonal triggers such as winter, summer, spring, and autumn become crucial to modulate disease incidence, disease course, or clinical prevention.
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Colodenco D, Palomares O, Celis C, Kaplan A, Domingo C. Moving toward consensus on diagnosis and management of severe asthma in adults. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:387-399. [PMID: 28906154 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1380617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a considerable health problem with an increasing global prevalence. The burden of severe asthma is expected to notably increase in the following years. Some misleading concepts that sometimes appear in the literature can drive the physician responsible for a patient's management to make incorrect decisions. Furthermore, some of the concepts that appear in the literature and in the guidelines may not be clear to understand, follow or adapt to regional and local realities. This could again drive the physicians responsible for a patient's management to make incorrect clinical judgments. In this article, we review the definition, prevalence and immunopathology of severe asthma, describe the asthma phenotypes, clinical features and comorbidities, the diagnosis of severe asthma and personalized asthma treatment. At the end, we offer a treatment approach based on literature publications, personalized medicine and marketed biologic treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Colodenco
- a Pulmonology , Hospital De Rehabilitación Respiratoria María Ferrer , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Oscar Palomares
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Celis
- c Pulmonary Unit, Internal Medicine Department , Hospital Universitario San Ignacio , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Alan Kaplan
- d University of Toronto , Thornhill , Ontario , Canada
| | - Christian Domingo
- e Servei de Pneumologia , Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí , Barcelona , Spain
- f Department of Medicine , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Barcelona , Spain
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Wang CN, Lee YL, Lin YP, Chung WH, Tzeng YM, Lee CC. Ovatodiolide suppresses allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:9-17. [PMID: 28666799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, a complex pulmonary allergic disease, major therapy is applied of drugs to control the disease, but quickly recur after the drugs are stopped. In patients with severe asthma may show steroid resistance and would benefit from the development of novel therapeutic drugs. Ovatodiolide, a unique macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from Anisomeles indica, showed therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic asthma. As a model of allergic inflammation, we used ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice, which displayed T helper cell type 2 (TH2) cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The results showed that ovatodiolide suppressed TH2 activation, including cell proliferation and production of the TH2 related cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, eosinophil chemotactic protein (eotaxin), and also reduced airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, ovatodiolide inhibited allergic asthma through downregulation of TH2 responses in a murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Neng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Chung
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Calciano L, Corsico AG, Pirina P, Trucco G, Jarvis D, Janson C, Accordini S. Assessment of asthma severity in adults with ever asthma: A continuous score. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177538. [PMID: 28542217 PMCID: PMC5436664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In epidemiological studies, continuous measures of asthma severity should be used to catch the heterogeneity of phenotypes. This study aimed at developing and validating continuous measures of asthma severity in adult patients with ever asthma from the general population, to be used in epidemiological studies. METHODS Respiratory symptoms, anti-asthmatic treatment and lung function were measured on 520 patients with ever asthma aged 20-64 years from the general Italian population (GEIRD study; 2007/2010). The variables that represent the same dimension of asthma severity were identified through an exploratory factor analysis and were summarized through a multiple factor analysis. RESULTS Only respiratory symptoms and anti-asthmatic treatment were summarized in a continuous score (STS). STS ranges from 0 (no symptoms/treatment) to 10 (maximum symptom frequency and treatment intensity). STS was positively correlated with the Global Initiative for Asthma classification of asthma severity computed on the 137 cases with a doctor's diagnosis (Spearman's coefficient = 0.61, p-value<0.0001) (concurrent validity). Furthermore, using a cohort of 1,097 European asthmatics (ECRHS II study; 1999/2002), increasing STS levels at baseline (1991/1993) were positively associated with long-term outcomes (hospitalization and lost workdays for breathing problems, asthma attack frequency and use of asthma controllers) (predictive validity). Finally, the STS scores computed from the GEIRD and ECRHS II data were comparable (Lin's coefficient = 0.95, p-value<0.0001) (replication analysis). CONCLUSIONS STS is a valid and replicable measure of asthma severity in adults, which could be used in association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS “San Matteo” Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulia Trucco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Qu J, Li Y, Zhong W, Gao P, Hu C. Recent developments in the role of reactive oxygen species in allergic asthma. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:E32-E43. [PMID: 28203435 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma has a global prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Many environmental factors, such as pollutants and allergens, are highly relevant to allergic asthma. The most important pathological symptom of allergic asthma is airway inflammation. Accordingly, the unique role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had been identified as a main reason for this respiratory inflammation. Many studies have shown that inhalation of different allergens can promote ROS generation. Recent studies have demonstrated that several pro-inflammatory mediators are responsible for the development of allergic asthma. Among these mediators, endogenous or exogenous ROS are responsible for the airway inflammation of allergic asthma. Furthermore, several inflammatory cells induce ROS and allergic asthma development. Airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness, tissue injury, and remodeling can be induced by excessive ROS production in animal models. Based on investigations of allergic asthma and ROS formation mechanisms, we have identified several novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic treatments. This review describes the recent data linking ROS to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown a remarkably high frequency of poorly controlled asthma. Several reasons for this treatment failure have been discussed, however, the basic question of whether the diagnosis is always correct has not been considered. Follow-up studies have shown that in many patients asthma cannot be verified despite ongoing symptoms. Mechanisms other than bronchial obstruction may therefore be responsible. The current definition of asthma may also include symptoms that are related to mechanisms other than bronchial obstruction, the clinical hallmark of asthma. AIM Based on a review of the four cornerstones of asthma - inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, bronchial obstruction and symptoms - the aim was to present some new aspects and suggestions related to the diagnosis of adult non-allergic asthma. CONCLUSION Recent studies have indicated that "classic" asthma may sometimes be confused with asthma-like disorders such as airway sensory hyperreactivity, small airways disease, dysfunctional breathing, non-obstructive dyspnea, hyperventilation and vocal cord dysfunction. This confusion may be one explanation for the high proportion of misdiagnosis and treatment failure. The current diagnosis, focusing on bronchial obstruction, may be too "narrow". As there may be common mechanisms a broadening to include also non-obstructive disorders, forming an asthma syndrome, is suggested. Such broadening requires additional diagnostic steps, such as qualitative studies with analysis of reported symptoms, non-effort demanding methods for determining lung function, capsaicin test for revealing airway sensory hyperreactivity, careful evaluation of the therapeutic as well as diagnostic effect of corticosteroids and testing of suggested theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Löwhagen
- a Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg , Göthenburg , Sweden
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8
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Tracheal relaxation of five medicinal plants used in Mexico for the treatment of several diseases. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:179-83. [PMID: 24507636 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relaxant effect of several organic extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana (A. mexicana), Cochlospermum vitifolium (C. vitifolium), Cordia morelosana (C. morelosana), Lepechinia caulescens (L. caulescens) and Talauma mexicana (T. mexicana) used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. METHODS Extracts were obtained by maceration at room temperature using hexane, dichloromethane and methanol for each plant material. The organic extracts were evaluated ex vivo to determine their relaxant activity on the contractions induced by carbachol (cholinergic receptor agonist, 1 μ mol/L) in isolated rat tracheal rings. RESULTS A total of 15 extracts were evaluated (three for each species). All test samples showed significant relaxant effect, in a concentration-dependent manner, on the contractions induced by 1 μ mol/L carbachol, with exception of extracts from C. morelosana. Active extracts were less potent than theophylline [phosphodiesterase inhibitor, EC50: (28.79±0.82) μg/mL] that was used as positive control. Concentration-response curves revealed that the extracts with more significant effects were dichloromethanic extracts of T. mexicana [Emax: (103.03±3.32)% and EC50: (159.39±3.72) μg/mL) and C. vitifolium [Emax: (106.58±2.42)% and EC50: (219.54±7.61) μg/mL]. Finally, hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts from A. mexicana were fully effective but less potent than T. mexicana and C. vitifolium. CONCLUSIONS Less polar extracts obtained from A. mexicana, T. mexicana and C. vitifolium exhibited greater relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings, which allows us to suggest them as sources for the isolation of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic value in the treatment of asthma.
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Jiang L, Diaz PT, Best TM, Stimpfl JN, He F, Zuo L. Molecular characterization of redox mechanisms in allergic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Löwhagen O, Bergqvist P. Physiotherapy in asthma using the new Lotorp method. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2014; 20:276-9. [PMID: 25130138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiotherapy in bronchial asthma has given various results. AIM To test a new method focusing on breathing exercise and massage of the thoracic muscles. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-eight adult patients with a physician-diagnosed asthma were studied during 6 weeks. All patients were prescribed asthma medication. The new method [active group, n = 17) was compared with physical training (control group, n = 12). RESULTS PEF was significantly improved (p = 0.001) in the active group, however, FEV1 showed no significant change. The symptoms "tightness of the chest", "difficult breathing in", "air hunger", and the individually dominating symptom (p = 0.001) were significantly reduced in the active group. Exercise-induced breathing troubles and chest expansion were also significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Physiotherapy including breathing exercise and massage of the thoracic muscles (the Lotorp method) in patients with physician-diagnosed asthma resulted in significantly reduced respiratory symptoms during rest and exercise and increased chest expansion. The improvements may be due to an increased mobility of the chest and diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Löwhagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
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Jiang L, Diaz PT, Best TM, Stimpfl JN, He F, Zuo L. Molecular characterization of redox mechanisms in allergic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:137-42. [PMID: 24986036 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular redox mechanisms in allergic asthma and to examine current studies of the disease to provide a basis for further investigation of oxidative stress in allergic asthma and the signaling cascades involved in its pathogenesis. DATA SOURCES Through the use of PubMed, a broad biomedical literature review was conducted in the following areas related to the physiology and pathobiology of asthma: redox therapy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, allergic asthma, and antioxidants. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies pertaining to oxidative stress and redox signaling in the molecular pathways of inflammation and hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma were reviewed. RESULTS Allergic asthma is associated with an increase in endogenous ROS formation, leading to oxidative stress-induced damage to the respiratory system and mitigated antioxidant defenses. Exposure to environmental antigens has been shown to stimulate overproduction of ROS, resulting in abnormal physiologic function of DNA, proteins, and lipids that clinically can augment bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Through the use of animal and human studies, oxidative stress has been determined to be important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Thus, recent research suggests that the assessment of oxidative stress byproducts represents a novel method by which disease severity can be monitored. In addition, the use of redox-based therapy to attenuate levels of ROS presents a potential strategy to alleviate oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION Redox mechanisms of oxidative stress in allergic asthma appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease and represent a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Philip T Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas M Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julia N Stimpfl
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Feng He
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Wong EHC, Porter JD, Edwards MR, Johnston SL. The role of macrolides in asthma: current evidence and future directions. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:657-70. [PMID: 24948430 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, possess antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and potential antiviral properties. They represent a potential therapeutic option for asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Results from clinical trials, however, have been contentious. The findings could be confounded by many factors, including the heterogeneity of asthma, treatment duration, dose, and differing outcome measures. Recent evidence suggests improved effectiveness of macrolides in patients with sub-optimally controlled severe neutrophilic asthma and in asthma exacerbations. We examine the evidence from clinical trials and discuss macrolide properties and their relevance to the pathophysiology of asthma. At present, the use of macrolides in chronic asthma or acute exacerbations is not justified. Further work, including proteomic, genomic, and microbiome studies, will advance our knowledge of asthma phenotypes, and help to identify a macrolide-responsive subgroup. Future clinical trials should target this subgroup and place emphasis on clinically relevant outcomes such as asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie H C Wong
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James D Porter
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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13
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Tegethoff M, Olsen J, Schaffner E, Meinlschmidt G. Asthma during pregnancy and clinical outcomes in offspring: a national cohort study. Pediatrics 2013; 132:483-91. [PMID: 23918893 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Maternal asthma is a common pregnancy complication, with adverse short-term effects for the offspring. The objective was to determine whether asthma during pregnancy is a risk factor of offspring diseases. METHODS We studied pregnant women from the Danish National Birth Cohort (births: 1996-2002; prospective data) giving birth to live singletons (n = 66 712 mother-child pairs), with 4145 (6.2%) women suffering from asthma during pregnancy. We estimated the associations between asthma during pregnancy and offspring diseases (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnoses from national registries), controlling for potential confounders and validating findings by secondary analyses. RESULTS Offspring median age at end of follow-up was 6.2 (3.6-8.9) years. Asthma was associated with an increased offspring risk of infectious and parasitic diseases (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.46), diseases of the nervous system (HR 1.43; CI 1.18-1.73), ear (HR 1.33; CI 1.19-1.48), respiratory system (HR 1.43; CI 1.34-1.52), and skin (HR 1.39; CI 1.20-1.60), and potentially (not confirmed in secondary analyses) of endocrine and metabolic disorders (HR 1.26; CI 1.02-1.55), diseases of the digestive system (HR 1.17; CI 1.04-1.32), and malformations (odds ratio 1.13; CI 1.01-1.26), but not of neoplasms, mental disorders, or diseases of the blood and immune system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, and genitourinary system. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of the associations between asthma during pregnancy and a wide spectrum of offspring diseases. In line with previous data on selected outcomes, asthma during pregnancy may be a risk factor for numerous offspring diseases, suggesting that careful monitoring of women with asthma during pregnancy and their offspring is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tegethoff
- Divisions of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Muniz-Junqueira MI, Barbosa-Marques SM, Junqueira LF. Morphological changes in eosinophils are reliable markers of the severity of an acute asthma exacerbation in children. Allergy 2013; 68:911-20. [PMID: 23745834 DOI: 10.1111/all.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of the severity of asthma exacerbation would be helpful for the management of patients. We aimed to evaluate the correlation of morphological change in activated eosinophils and the severity of an asthma exacerbation. METHODS Blood was collected from 55 asthmatic children: 40 of whom were having an exacerbation, 15 symptom-free, and 15 healthy controls. The percentage of eosinophils with morphological changes (emission of single or multiple pseudopods, presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, releasing a small, moderate, or large quantity of granules, spreading, eosinophil death, and presence of cluster of free eosinophil granules) was quantified after the adherence to a slide and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The correlation between the severity of the asthma exacerbation and the percentage changed eosinophils was tested with Spearman's correlation. RESULTS The proportion of activated eosinophils was higher in asthmatic symptom-free children than in the control group, and acute asthma exacerbation produced an additional increase in eosinophil activation (P < 0.01). More significantly increased morphological changes were emissions of multiple pseudopods, presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, spreading, and presence of a cluster of free eosinophil granules (P < 0.001). The following were correlated with the severity of an asthma exacerbation: ≥14% of eosinophils emitting single pseudopod, 8% emitting multiple pseudopods, 17% with vacuoles, 28% eosinophils releasing a large quantity of granules, and 66% of spread eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying the morphological changes in eosinophils is a feasible, easy, and reliable manner to identify the severity of an asthma exacerbation and therefore might improve the clinical management of asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Muniz-Junqueira
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology Area, Faculty of Medicine; University of Brasilia; Brasilia; Brazil
| | - S. M. Barbosa-Marques
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology Area, Faculty of Medicine; University of Brasilia; Brasilia; Brazil
| | - L. F. Junqueira
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Area, Faculty of Medicine; University of Brasilia; Brasilia; Brazil
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15
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Somasundaram K, Ball J. Medical emergencies: pulmonary embolism and acute severe asthma. Anaesthesia 2013; 68 Suppl 1:102-16. [PMID: 23210560 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this, the second of two articles covering specific medical emergencies, we discuss the definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, acute and chronic management of pulmonary embolus and acute severe asthma.
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