1
|
Morales C, Cuatrecasas E, Mademont-Soler I, Clusellas N, Peruga E, Català V, Garrido C, Milà M, Soler A, Sánchez A. Non-mosaic trisomy 20 of paternal origin in chorionic villus and amniotic fluid also detected in fetal blood and other tissues. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 53:197-200. [PMID: 20350623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 20 mosaicism is a common abnormality found in prenatal diagnosis. Its clinical significance remains unclear since approximately 90-93% of cases result in normal phenotype. Only 5 cases of non-mosaic trisomy 20 in amniotic fluid culture surviving beyond the first trimester have been reported. Moreover, trisomic cells are generally not detectable in blood and have only been reported in three cases. We present a case of non-mosaic trisomy 20 found in chorionic villi sample and amniotic fluid culture in a fetus with minor abnormalities not detected by ultrasound examination. Pathological examination of the fetus only revealed right pulmonary isomerism and camptodactily, and no major malformations were disclosed. Trisomic lineage was also detected in fetal blood, kidney, skin and brain tissue cultures. Molecular analysis revealed that the extra chromosome 20 was originated in paternal meiosis. To our knowledge, we report the first prenatal case of non-mosaic trisomy 20 of paternal origin that has been confirmed in several fetal tissues, including blood, in a fetus with minor malformations not detected prenatally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carme Morales
- Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiesa J, Hoffet M, Rousseau O, Bourgeois JM, Sarda P, Mares P, Bureau JP. Pallister-Killian syndrome [i(12p)]: first pre-natal diagnosis using cordocentesis in the second trimester confirmed by in situ hybridization. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb03731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Willis MJH, Bird LM, Dell'Aquilla M, Jones MC. Expanding the phenotype of mosaic trisomy 20. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:330-6. [PMID: 18203170 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic trisomy 20 is one of the more common cytogenetic abnormalities found on amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Studies have shown that outcome is normal in 90-93% of prenatally diagnosed cases. There are however, reports in the literature of children with mosaic trisomy 20 described as having an assortment of dysmorphic features and varying levels of developmental delay. Unfortunately, the literature has not defined a specific phenotype for this entity. Here we report on three patients with mosaic trisomy 20, two of whom were identified prenatally. Over a number of years of follow-up it has become apparent that there are some striking similarities among the three. Comparison between our patients and the literature cases indicates a more consistent phenotype than has previously been suggested. Recurring features include; spinal abnormalities (including spinal stenosis, vertebral fusion, and kyphosis), hypotonia, lifelong constipation, sloped shoulders, and significant learning disabilities despite normal intelligence. These findings may be overlooked on routine history and physical exam or assumed to be standard pediatric problems. It is not our intention to suggest that there is a distinctive face for this entity but to suggest that a subtle phenotype does exist. We have attempted to identify a set of findings for which any child diagnosed with mosaic trisomy 20 should be assessed or followed even in the presence of an apparently normal physical exam at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary J H Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California 92123, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Wallerstein R, Twersky S, Layman P, Kernaghan L, Aviv H, Pedro HF, Pletcher B. Long term follow-up of developmental delay in a child with prenatally-diagnosed trisomy 20 mosaicism. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137:94-7. [PMID: 16007609 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
6
|
Venditti CP, Hunt P, Donnenfeld A, Zackai E, Spinner NB. Mosaic paternal uniparental (iso)disomy for chromosome 20 associated with multiple anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 124A:274-9. [PMID: 14708100 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Uniparental disomy for a number of human chromosomes is associated with clinical abnormalities. We report a child with a complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosome 20 (45,XY,psu dic (20;20)(p13;p13)) and paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 20 in peripheral blood and bone marrow. This patient had multiple congenital abnormalities including microtia/anotia, micrencephaly, congenital heart disease, neuronal subependymal heterotopias, and colonic agangliosis. Molecular studies on DNA from peripheral blood demonstrated paternal uniparental inheritance of chromosome 20. However, fibroblasts demonstrated a mosaic karyotype, with one cell line having 45 chromosomes, including the pseudodicentric chromosome 20 (75% of cells), and a second cell line having 46 chromosomes, including the pseudodicentric chromosome 20, and a normal chromosome 20 (trisomy 20) (25% of cells). FISH experiments using a sub-telomeric probe that maps approximately 120 kb from the 20p telomere, showed that both copies of these sequences were present on the rearranged chromosome, consistent with deletion of a very small interval. This leads us to suggest that in addition to trisomy 20 mosaicism, paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 20 could contribute to his clinical phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Venditti
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Steinberg Warren N, Soukup S, King JL, St. J. Dignan P. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 by chorionic villus sampling (CVS): a case report with long-term outcome. Prenat Diagn 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Driggers RW, Bernstein H, Lantz M, Stetten G, Escallon CS, Perlman E, Blakemore KJ. Non-mosaic trisomy 20 presenting at 21 weeks' gestation as a thoraco-abdominal mass. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21:387-9. [PMID: 11360280 DOI: 10.1002/pd.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-mosaic trisomy 20 is rare in fetuses surviving beyond the first trimester. We report a case of a fetus with non-mosaic trisomy 20 in amniotic fluid cultures obtained during the prenatal evaluation of an unusual thoraco-abdominal mass which was found at autopsy to be pulmonary sequestration. Gross inspection and autopsy of the fetus revealed multiple anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Driggers
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Della-Rosa VA, Vianna-Morgante AM. Partial duplication of chromosome 20(pter->q12). Genet Mol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572000000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial duplication of chromosome 20 (20pter->20q12) resulting from a maternally inherited translocation t(14;20)(q11;q13) is described in a female child with neuropsychomotor retardation and multiple congenital anomalies. To our knowledge this is the largest duplication of chromosome 20 that includes segments of both the short and the long arms thus far described in a live-born child.
Collapse
|
10
|
Reish O, Wolach B, Amiel A, Kedar I, Dolfin T, Fejgin M. Dilemma of trisomy 20 mosaicism detected prenatally: Is it an innocent finding? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980428)77:1<72::aid-ajmg15>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Bielanska MM, Khalifa MM, Duncan AM. Pallister-Killian syndrome: a mild case diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Review of the literature and expansion of the phenotype. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1996; 65:104-8. [PMID: 8911599 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19961016)65:2<104::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare disorder characterized by a specific combination of anomalies, mental retardation and mosaic presence of a supernumerary isochromosome 12p which is tissue-limited. We report an atypical case of PKS with a mild phenotype. Flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to demonstrate that the supernumerary marker chromosome identified in the patient's fibroblasts was an isochromosome 12p. This study broadens the spectrum of PKS phenotype. It also illustrates the usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnosis of patients with chromosomal abnormalities and mild or atypical clinical findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Bielanska
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McPherson EW, Ketterer DM, Salsburey DJ. Pallister-Killian and Fryns syndromes: nosology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 47:241-5. [PMID: 8213912 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320470219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fryns syndrome is a lethal autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characteristic "coarse" facies, cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia, and distal digital hypoplasia. The appearance of the face and digits is very similar to that observed in Pallister-Killian syndrome (mosaic isochromosome 12p), although the incidence of cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia, and neonatal death is much lower in the latter condition. We report on an infant with many manifestations of Fryns syndrome ("coarse" face, cleft palate, cloudy corneae, diaphragmatic hernia, distal digital hypoplasia, and neonatal death) who was found to be mosaic for i(12p). Her diagnosis was changed to Pallister-Killian syndrome and the family was counselled accordingly. The clinical overlap between Fryns and Pallister-Killian syndromes is discussed. Because the chromosome abnormality in Pallister-Killian syndrome is often limited to fibroblasts and may be selectively eliminated both in vivo and in vitro, some Pallister-Killian patients may be misdiagnosed with Fryns syndrome and given an erroneously high recurrence risk. Newborn infants with the Fryns or Pallister-Killian phenotypes should have chromosome studies involving multiple tissues so that the correct diagnosis can be made. This will contribute to the understanding of both disorders and facilitate appropriate genetic counselling.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/classification
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Cleft Palate/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Face/abnormalities
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Genes, Lethal
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Karyotyping
- Mosaicism
- Syndrome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E W McPherson
- Department of Genetics, Magee Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reeser SL, Wenger SL. Failure of PHA-stimulated i(12p) lymphocytes to divide in Pallister-Killian syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1992; 42:815-9. [PMID: 1554020 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320420614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is confirmed by tissue-specific mosaicism of i(12p). The isochromosome is found in skin fibroblasts and bone marrow, but rarely in peripheral lymphocytes. The nature of the isochromosome loss was evaluated using 2 techniques: micronucleus formation for anaphase lag and in situ DNA hybridization for mosaicism in interphase cells. Cells from serial cultured fibroblasts, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and bone marrow from 4 PKS patients were used for the above analysis. Micronucleus formation was similar for PKS and normal diploid cultures, ruling out loss of i(12p) by anaphase lag as the major mechanism of in vitro mosaicism. In situ hybridization using an alpha satellite DNA probe for chromosome 12 was used to examine the presence of the i(12p) in interphase fibroblasts from 1 patient and lymphocytes from 2 patients (age 8 weeks and 1 day). The i(12p) was present in a significantly higher proportion of interphase nuclei in peripheral lymphocytes than in metaphase, suggesting the initial loss of the isochromosome is exaggerated in metaphase by selective division in vitro. In situ hybridization of peripheral lymphocyte interphase cells with chromosome 12 specific probes may be a useful supplemental procedure for the diagnosis of PKS, at least in the newborn infant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Reeser
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chodirker BN, Jenkins R. Mosaic isochromosome 20q found on amniocentesis with normal outcome. Prenat Diagn 1990; 10:469-72. [PMID: 2235906 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A case of mosaic isochromosome 20q found on amniocentesis is described. A normal male infant was subsequently born.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B N Chodirker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park JP, Moeschler JB, Rawnsley E, Berg SZ, Wurster-Hill DH. Trisomy 20 mosaicism confirmed in a phenotypically normal liveborn. Prenat Diagn 1989; 9:501-4. [PMID: 2771888 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970090707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism in this case was based on cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells (23/252 cells were trisomy 20 representing cells from each of four primary cultures). The pregnancy continued to term and the mosaicism was confirmed in the phenotypically normal male neonate by analysis of cultured foreskin fibroblasts (7/49 cells + 20) and placental cells 20/20 cells + 20) whereas the peripheral lymphocytes were cytogenetically normal (20/20 cells were 46,XY). This represents the first confirmation of trisomy 20 mosaicism in a phenotypically normal full-term neonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Park
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH 03756
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
A non-mosaic trisomy 20 was discovered in all cells in two separate cultures from an age-related genetic amniocentesis. Karyotypes of cells obtained via amniocentesis at the time of termination and of cells cultured from the placenta gave the same unambiguous results. However, the fetus, under macro- and microscopic analysis, showed only two minor anomalies: left simian crease and low-set ears. These findings are more suggestive of a normal or at most mosaic trisomy 20 state. The significance of this finding for prenatal diagnosis is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Myers
- Regional Clinical Genetics Center, Quillen-Dishner College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The number of gene assignments to human chromosome 20 has increased slowly until recently. Only seven genes and one fragile site were confirmed assignments to chromosome 20 at the Ninth Human Gene Mapping Workshop in September 1987 (HGM9). One fragile site, 13 additional genes, and 10 DNA sequences that identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), however, were provisionally added to the map at HGM9. Five mutated genes on chromosome 20 have a relation to disease: a mutation in the adenosine deaminase gene results in a deficiency of the enzyme and severe combined immune deficiency; mutations in the gene for the growth hormone releasing factor result in some forms of dwarfism; mutations in the closely linked genes for the hormones arginine vasopressin and oxytocin and their neurophysins are probably responsible for some diabetes insipidus; and mutations in the gene that regulates both alpha-neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase activities determine galactosialidosis. The gene for the prion protein is on chromosome 20; it is related to the infectious agent of kuru, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, and Gertsmann-Straussler syndrome, although the nature of the relationship is not completely understood. Two genes that code for tyrosine kinases are on the chromosome, SRC1 the proto-oncogene and a gene (HCK) coding for haemopoietic kinase (an src-like kinase), but no direct relation to cancer has been shown for either of these kinases. The significance of non-random loss of chromosome 20 in the malignant diseases non-lymphocytic leukaemia and polycythaemia vera is not understood. Twenty-four additional loci are assigned to the chromosome: five genes that code for binding proteins, one for a light chain of ferritin, genes for three enzymes (inosine triphosphatase, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, and sterol delta 24-reductase), one for each of a secretory protein and an opiate neuropeptide, a cell surface antigen, two fragile sites, and 10 DNA sequences (one satellite and nine unique) that detect RFLPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N E Simpson
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Silengo MC, Lopez Bell G, Biagioli M, Franceschini P. Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 20: 46,XX,del(20)(p11)/46,XX mosaicism. Clin Genet 1988; 33:108-10. [PMID: 3359663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1988.tb03420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A 46,XX/46,XX,del(20)(p11) mosaicism was identified in a 10-month-old female infant with multiple congenital anomalies, development retardation and failure to thrive. The 20p partial deletion was observed in 50% of the cells examined. Both parents had normal phenotype and karyotype. Only four other patients with partial 20p deletion are known and they are not mosaics. Their clinical findings are similar to those of our patient; in particular, they share anomalies of the vertebral column such as segmentation errors and "butterfly-shaped" vertebrae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Silengo
- Istituto di Discipline Pediatriche, Università di Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
A total of 66 cases with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism was reviewed. Since the majority of cases (85 per cent) was associated with grossly normal phenotype and the abnormalities noted in 15 per cent of cases were inconsistent and rather non-specific, no casual relationship between trisomy 20 mosaicism and a specific malformation syndrome can be established. The possibility of an association between an abnormal phenotype and a high percentage of trisomy 20 cells (greater than 60 per cent) must be considered preliminary and be viewed with caution. The fact that cells with trisomy 20 have not been recovered from blood cultures and were detected more frequently from specific fetal tissues, (such as kidney, rectum, oesophagus), and from placental tissues, suggests that trisomy 20 is more likely to be confined to certain fetal organs and to extra-embryonic tissues. This review calls for the collection of more data on all cases of trisomy 20 mosaicism diagnosed prenatally, in order to provide more accurate information to the prospective parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Y Hsu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory of New York City Medical and Health Research Association of N.Y.C. Inc 10016
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baldinger S, Millard C, Schmeling D, Bendel RP. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism indicating an extra embryonic origin. Prenat Diagn 1987; 7:273-6. [PMID: 3588544 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An additional case of amniotic fluid trisomy 20 mosaicism is presented. After careful counselling, the pregnancy continued and a phenotypically normal female was delivered. This case of amniocyte mosaicism establishes the source of aneuploid cell line as amnion. Since an extra-embryonic origin of the mosaicism has been confirmed, this should be carefully considered as a real possibility in counselling such families.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Abuelo DN, Barsel-Bowers G, Zartler AS. Follow-up of infants with amniotic fluid trisomy 20 mosaicism. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1986; 24:475-81. [PMID: 3728566 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320240310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The finding of trisomy 20 mosaicism in amniotic fluid is a cause of considerable anxiety for both physicians and parents. Although the significance of this finding is still not clear, some reassurance can be given to prospective parents, since the outcome has been normal in all reported pregnancies carried to term. Follow-up information on psychomotor development of these infants is needed in order to provide better genetic counseling to these families. We have followed three infants who have had normal growth and psychomotor development up to approximately 2 years.
Collapse
|
23
|
Holzgreve W, Golabi M, Bradley J. Multiple congenital anomalies in a child born after prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism. Clin Genet 1986; 29:342-4. [PMID: 2424648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1986.tb01265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of trisomy 20 mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures has remained unclear so far. We report data on a child with multiple congenital anomalies born after a diagnosis of true trisomy 20 mosaicism in 65% of amniotic fluid cells. The child had generalized dysmorphic features, including facial dysmorphy resembling those of a child with Williams syndrome. The boy also had hypotonia and language delay. Although most of the published cases do not mention any abnormalities in children born after prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism, the distinct cranio-facial features and the similarities to previous reports of partial or complete chromosome 20 mosaicism raises the possibility that a recognizable pattern of malformation might be associated with the prenatally diagnosable condition in some cases.
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Vejerslev LO, Børlum KG, Jensen NK, Mikkelsen M. Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism indicating esophageal and rectal origin. Clin Genet 1985; 27:263-8. [PMID: 2580654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1985.tb00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Trisomy 20 mosaicism in cultured amniotic fluid cells has in only a few cases been confirmed in fetal tissue. This may lead to the assumption that the trisomic cells are of extra-fetal origin and interruption of the pregnancy is not advisable. Chromosome analysis of numerous fetal tissues indicated in two cases the presence of one or more trisomy 20 cell clones in rectum and esophagus, respectively. The clinical significance of trisomy 20 mosaicism in single organs remains to be elucidated. Besides the karyotype, genetic counselling should take into account all accessible information of the pregnancy, e.g. ultra-sound, serum alpha-fetoprotein values and obstetrical history.
Collapse
|
26
|
Grewal MS, Ridler MA, Barber JC. Further examples of trisomy-20 mosaicism in amniotic cell cultures. Prenat Diagn 1985; 5:159-62. [PMID: 3991467 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid cultures from two patients showed trisomy-20 mosaicism. No trisomy-20 cells were found in a normal full term infant and in multiple tissue biopsies and fetal blood from a fetus after a termination of pregnancy. No definitive advice is yet possible for parents where trisomy-20 amniotic cell mosaicism is detected. Fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling are of no value and termination of pregnancy is not indicated by empirical evidence. Preferential trophoblastic non-disjunction (Kalousek and Dill, 1983) is discussed as a possible partial explanation for the variable occurrence and distribution of this type of mosaicism.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
A further case of trisomy 20 mosaicism found at amniocentesis is presented. Pregnancy was terminated, the fetus showed facial dysmorphia and minor cardial and renal anomalies. 19 published reports of true trisomy 20 mosaicism at amniocentesis are reviewed. Five pregnancies resulted in obviously normal newborns. The significance of mostly minor anomalies found at autopsy of 7 fetuses remains unclear. With regard to genetic counselling the significance of trisomy 20 mosaicism is summarized as follows: (1) true trisomy 20 mosaicism in amniotic fluid cells reflects mosaicism of the fetus; (2) severe malformation is not a major feature of trisomy 20 mosaicism; (3) the risk of mental retardation is still undetermined, due to limited experience. However, there is no definite proof that the condition is harmful at all.
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Schinzel A. Trisomy 20pter = to q11 in a malformed boy from a t(13;20)(p11;q11) translocation-carrier mother. Hum Genet 1980; 53:169-72. [PMID: 7358383 DOI: 10.1007/bf00273490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A 3 1/2-year-old boy revealed moderate motor and mental retardation, normal growth, a congenital heart defect and multiple minor dysmorphic signs and anomalies including brachycephaly, orbital hypotelorism, upward slanting palpebral fissures, short and beaked nose, full cheeks, malformed auricles, hypoplastic external genitalia, rocker-bottom feet with prominent heels, and various minor radiologic anomalies of bones. An extra chromosome in his karyotype appeared to represent trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 20 due to a maternally inhherited balanced t(13;20)(p11;q11) translocation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Rudd NL, Bain HW, Giblett E, Chen SH, Worton RG. Partial trisomy 20 confirmed by gene dosage studies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1979; 4:357-64. [PMID: 231907 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe a female infant with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation, pre- and postnatal growth failure, microcephaly, unusual facial appearance, and minor skeletal anomalies, all very suggestive of the partial trisomy 20(p) syndrome. Although she was born to karyotypically normal parents, she had an extra small metacentric chromosome. Analysis of metaphase and prometaphase chromosomes by GTG banding and Giemsa 11 staining showed that the extra chromosome was a number 20 with a deletion of the distal end of the long arm. Gene dose studies of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and inosine triphosphatase (ITP) supported the cytogenetic interpretation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rodriguez ML, Luthy D, Hall JG, Norwood TH, Hoehn H. Amniotic fluid cell mosaicism for presumptive trisomy 20. Clin Genet 1978; 13:164-8. [PMID: 637912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1978.tb04245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy for an F-like chromosome with banding characteristics of chromosome 20 was observed, respectively, in 25 and 8% of amniotic fluid cell clones in two cases of prenatal diagnosis for advanced maternal age. No such aneuploidy was found upon examination of fetal or postnatal tissues. In both instances there were no detectable malformation. It is suggested that propensity to nondisjunction for an F-like chromosome, not unlike tetraploidy, might be another characteristic of amniotic fluid cells in culture.
Collapse
|