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Dasgupta A, Nandi S, Gupta S, Roy S, Das C. To Ub or not to Ub: The epic dilemma of histones that regulate gene expression and epigenetic cross-talk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195033. [PMID: 38750882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic array of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate diverse cellular processes in the eukaryotic chromatin. Among them, histone ubiquitination is particularly complex as it alters nucleosome surface area fostering intricate cross-talk with other chromatin modifications. Ubiquitin signaling profoundly impacts DNA replication, repair, and transcription. Histones can undergo varied extent of ubiquitination such as mono, multi-mono, and polyubiquitination, which brings about distinct cellular fates. Mechanistic studies of the ubiquitin landscape in chromatin have unveiled a fascinating tapestry of events that orchestrate gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the key contributors involved in mediating different histone ubiquitination and deubiquitination events, and discuss their mechanism which impacts cell transcriptional identity and DNA damage response. We also focus on the proteins bearing epigenetic reader modules critical in discerning site-specific histone ubiquitination, pivotal for establishing complex epigenetic crosstalk. Moreover, we highlight the role of histone ubiquitination in different human diseases including neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Overall the review elucidates the intricate orchestration of histone ubiquitination impacting diverse cellular functions and disease pathogenesis, and provides insights into the current challenges of targeting them for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dasgupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Sandhik Nandi
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sayan Gupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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2
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Gazzin A, Pala F, Bosticardo M, Niemela J, Stoddard J, Biasin E, Quarello P, Carli D, Ferroni F, Delmonte OM, Montin D, Rosenzweig SD, Licciardi F, Notarangelo LD. Mulibrey nanism and immunological complications: a comprehensive case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303251. [PMID: 38116000 PMCID: PMC10728670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mulibrey nanism (MUL) is a rare disorder caused by TRIM37 gene variants characterized by growth failure, dysmorphic features, congestive heart failure (CHF), and an increased risk of Wilms' tumor. Although immune system impairment has been documented in MUL, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods We present a case of MUL with progressive lymphopenia and review similar cases from the literature. Results Our patient presented with prenatal onset growth restriction, characteristic dysmorphic features, and Wilms' tumor. She developed progressive lymphopenia starting at 10 years of age, leading to the initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy and infection prophylaxis. Genetic analysis detected a likely pathogenic variant on the maternal allele and copy number loss on the paternal allele in TRIM37. Subsequently a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was conducted revealing signs of pericardial constriction raising concerns for intestinal lymphatic losses. The cessation of IVIG therapy did not coincide with any increase in the rate of infections. The patient exhibited a distinct immunological profile, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired antibody responses, and skewed T-cell subsets with an altered CD4+/CD8+ ratio, consistent with previous reports. Normal thymocyte development assessed by artificial thymic organoid platform ruled out an early hematopoietic intrinsic defect of T-cell development. Discussion The immunological profile of MUL patients reported so far shares similarities with that described in protein-losing enteropathy secondary to CHF in Fontan circulation and primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. These similarities include hypogammaglobulinemia, significant T-cell deficiency with decreased CD4+ and CD8+ counts, altered CD4+/CD8+ ratios, and significantly modified CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell phenotypes toward effector and terminal differentiated T cells, accompanied by a loss of naïve CD45RA+ T lymphocytes. In MUL, CHF is a cardinal feature, occurring in a significant proportion of patients and influencing prognosis. Signs of CHF or constrictive pericarditis have been evident in the case reported here and in all cases of MUL with documented immune dysfunction reported so far. These observations raise intriguing connections between these conditions. However, further investigation is warranted to in-depth define the immunological defect, providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie Niemela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Stoddard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eleonora Biasin
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferroni
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, City of Health and Science University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Davide Montin
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Pediatria Specialistica U, “Regina Margherita” Children Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Upasana K, Thakkar D, Gautam D, Sachdev MS, Yadav A, Kapoor R, Raghunathan V, Dhaliwal MS, Bhargava K, Nair S, Sharma J, Rastogi N, Yadav SP. Wilms tumor with Mulibrey Nanism: A case report and review of literature. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1512. [PMID: 34309235 PMCID: PMC9124505 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulibrey-Nanism (Muscle-liver-brain-eye Nanism = dwarfism; MUL) is a rare genetic syndrome. The underlying TRIM37 mutation predisposes these children to develop tumors frequently. In the largest published series of MUL, 8% patients were reported to develop Wilms tumor (WT). The published literature lacks data regarding the best treatment protocol and outcome of this cohort of children with WT and MUL. We report here a 2-year-old boy with WT and MUL and present a review of literature on WT in MUL. CASE Our patient had associated cardiac problems of atrial septal defect, atrial flutter and an episode of sudden cardiac arrest. We managed him successfully with chemotherapy, surgery and multi-speciality care. He is alive and in remission at follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION A total of 14 cases (including present case) of WT have been reported in MUL and treatment details were available for six cases. They were managed primarily with surgery, chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy, and all achieved remission. The outcome data is available only for two cases, one has been followed up till 15 years post treatment for WT and other is our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Upasana
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Cancer InstituteMedanta The Medicity HospitalGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Dhwanee Thakkar
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Cancer InstituteMedanta The Medicity HospitalGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Dheeraj Gautam
- Department of PathologyMedanta The MedicityGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | | | - Anjali Yadav
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Cancer InstituteMedanta The Medicity HospitalGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Rohit Kapoor
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Cancer InstituteMedanta The Medicity HospitalGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Veena Raghunathan
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of PediatricsMedanta The MedicityGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Maninder Singh Dhaliwal
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of PediatricsMedanta The MedicityGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Kartikeya Bhargava
- Department of Electrophysiology and Pacing, Heart InstituteMedanta The MedicityGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | | | | | - Neha Rastogi
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Cancer InstituteMedanta The Medicity HospitalGurgaonHaryanaIndia
| | - Satya Prakash Yadav
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Cancer InstituteMedanta The Medicity HospitalGurgaonHaryanaIndia
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Balis F, Green DM, Anderson C, Cook S, Dhillon J, Gow K, Hiniker S, Jasty-Rao R, Lin C, Lovvorn H, MacEwan I, Martinez-Agosto J, Mullen E, Murphy ES, Ranalli M, Rhee D, Rokitka D, Tracy EL, Vern-Gross T, Walsh MF, Walz A, Wickiser J, Zapala M, Berardi RA, Hughes M. Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma), Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 19:945-977. [PMID: 34416707 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The NCCN Guidelines for Wilms Tumor focus on the screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and management of Wilms tumor (WT, also known as nephroblastoma). WT is the most common primary renal tumor in children. Five-year survival is more than 90% for children with all stages of favorable histology WT who receive appropriate treatment. All patients with WT should be managed by a multidisciplinary team with experience in managing renal tumors; consulting a pediatric oncologist is strongly encouraged. Treatment of WT includes surgery, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT) if needed. Careful use of available therapies is necessary to maximize cure and minimize long-term toxicities. This article discusses the NCCN Guidelines recommendations for favorable histology WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Balis
- Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel M Green
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | | | - Shelly Cook
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
| | | | - Kenneth Gow
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
| | | | | | - Chi Lin
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Erin S Murphy
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Mark Ranalli
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - Daniel Rhee
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Walz
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
| | | | - Matthew Zapala
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; and
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Liu EK, Suson KD. Syndromic Wilms tumor: a review of predisposing conditions, surveillance and treatment. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2370-2381. [PMID: 33209710 PMCID: PMC7658145 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.03.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Predisposing syndromes associated with an increased risk of Wilms tumor (WT) are responsible for 9–17% of all cases of the malignancy. Due to an earlier age at WT diagnosis and an increased incidence of bilateral and metachronous disease, management of syndromic WT warrants a distinct approach from that of non-syndromic WT. This review of English-language manuscripts about WT focuses on the most common syndromes, surveillance protocols and current treatment strategies. Highlighted syndromes include those associated with WT1, such as WAGR (Wilms-Aniridia-Genitourinary-mental Retardation), Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS), and Frasier syndrome, 11p15 defects, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), among others. General surveillance guidelines include screening renal or abdominal ultrasound every 3–4 months until the age of 5 or 7, depending on the syndrome. Further, some of the predisposing conditions also increase the risk of other malignancies, such as gonadoblastoma and hepatoblastoma. With promising results for nephron-sparing surgery in bilateral non-syndromic WT, there are increasing reports and recommendations to pursue nephron-sparing for these patients who are at greater risk of bilateral, metachronous lesions. In addition to the loss of renal parenchyma from malignancy, many patients are at risk of developing renal insufficiency as part of their syndrome. Although there may be some increase in the complication rate, recurrence free survival seems equivalent. Some conditions require specialized approaches to adjuvant therapy, as their syndrome may make them especially susceptible to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K Liu
- Detroit Medical Center Urology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kristina D Suson
- Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
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6
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Crippa M, Bonati MT, Calzari L, Picinelli C, Gervasini C, Sironi A, Bestetti I, Guzzetti S, Bellone S, Selicorni A, Mussa A, Riccio A, Ferrero GB, Russo S, Larizza L, Finelli P. Molecular Etiology Disclosed by Array CGH in Patients With Silver-Russell Syndrome or Similar Phenotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:955. [PMID: 31749829 PMCID: PMC6843062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting disorder primarily caused by genetic and epigenetic aberrations on chromosomes 11 and 7. SRS is a rare growth retardation disorder often misdiagnosed due to its heterogeneous and non-specific clinical features. The Netchine–Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) is the recommended tool for differentiating patients into clinical SRS or unlikely SRS. However, the clinical diagnosis is molecularly confirmed only in about 60% of patients, leaving the remaining substantial proportion of SRS patients with unknown genetic etiology. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 34 Italian patients with SRS or SRS-like features scored according to the NH-CSS and without any SRS-associated (epi)genetic alterations was analyzed by high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in order to identify potentially pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). Results and Discussion: In seven patients, making up 21% of the initial cohort, five pathogenic and two potentially pathogenic CNVs were found involving distinct genomic regions either previously associated with growth delay conditions (1q24.3-q25.3, 17p13.3, 17q22, and 22q11.2-q11.22) and with SRS spectrum (7p12.1 and 7p15.3-p14.3) or outlined for the first time (19q13.42), providing a better definition of reported and as yet unreported SRS overlapping syndromes. All the variants involve genes with a defined role in growth pathways, and for two genes mapping at 7p, IGF2BP3 and GRB10, the association with SRS turns out to be reinforced. The deleterious effect of the two potentially pathogenic variants, comprising GRB10 and ZNF331 genes, was explored by targeted approaches, though further studies are needed to validate their pathogenic role in the SRS etiology. In conclusion, we reconfirm the utility of performing a genome-wide scan to achieve a differential diagnosis in patients with SRS or similar features and to highlight novel chromosome alterations associated with SRS and growth retardation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Crippa
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Clinic of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sironi
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Russo
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Brigant B, Metzinger-Le Meuth V, Rochette J, Metzinger L. TRIMming down to TRIM37: Relevance to Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disorders, and Cancer in MULIBREY Nanism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010067. [PMID: 30586926 PMCID: PMC6337287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIpartite motif (TRIM) proteins are part of the largest subfamilies of E3 ligases that mediate the transfer of ubiquitin to substrate target proteins. In this review, we focus on TRIM37 in the normal cell and in pathological conditions, with an emphasis on the MULIBREY (MUscle-LIver-BRain-EYe) genetic disorder caused by TRIM37 mutations. TRIM37 is characterized by the presence of a RING domain, B-box motifs, and a coiled-coil region, and its C-terminal part includes the MATH domain specific to TRIM37. MULIBREY nanism is a rare autosomal recessive caused by TRIM37 mutations and characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth failure. Constrictive pericarditis is the most serious anomaly of the disease and is present in about 20% of patients. The patients have a deregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, and hypertension. Puzzlingly, MULIBREY patients, deficient for TRIM37, are plagued with numerous tumors. Among non-MULIBREY patients affected by cancer, a wide variety of cancers are associated with an overexpression of TRIM37. This suggests that normal cells need an optimal equilibrium in TRIM37 expression. Finding a way to keep that balance could lead to potential innovative drugs for MULIBREY nanism, including heart condition and carcinogenesis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brigant
- HEMATIM, EA4666, CURS, CHU Amiens Sud, Avenue René Laënnec, Salouel, F-80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Valérie Metzinger-Le Meuth
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93017 Bobigny CEDEX, France.
| | - Jacques Rochette
- HEMATIM, EA4666, CURS, CHU Amiens Sud, Avenue René Laënnec, Salouel, F-80054 Amiens, France.
| | - Laurent Metzinger
- HEMATIM, EA4666, CURS, CHU Amiens Sud, Avenue René Laënnec, Salouel, F-80054 Amiens, France.
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Wang W, Xia Z, Farré JC, Subramani S. TRIM37 deficiency induces autophagy through deregulating the MTORC1-TFEB axis. Autophagy 2018; 14:1574-1585. [PMID: 29940807 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1463120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM37 gene mutations cause mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) nanism, a severe growth disorder with prenatal onset. Although TRIM37 depletion normally induces apoptosis, patients with TRIM37 mutations have a high risk of developing tumors, suggesting that there may be an alternative pro-survival mechanism for TRIM37-deficient tumor cells. We find that TRIM37 interacts with MTOR and RRAGB proteins, enhances the MTOR-RRAGB interaction and promotes lysosomal localization of MTOR, thereby activating amino acid-stimulated MTORC1 signaling. In response to loss of TRIM37 functions, phosphorylation of TFEB is significantly reduced, resulting in its translocation into the nucleus enabling its transcriptional activation of genes involved in lysosome biogenesis and macroautophagy/autophagy. The enhanced autophagy depends on the inhibition of MTORC1 signaling and may serve as an alternative mechanism to survive the loss of TRIM37 functions. Our study unveils a positive role of TRIM37 in regulating the MTORC1-TFEB axis and provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of mulibrey nanism, as well as potential therapeutic treatment. ABBREVIATIONS ACTB: actin beta; ATG: autophagy related; CASP3: caspase3; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CQ: chloroquine; CTS: cathepsin proteases; CTSL: cathepsin L; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LMNB1: lamin B1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; mulibrey: muscle-liver-brain-eye; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; RAP2A: member of RAS oncogene family; RHEB: Ras homolog enriched in brain; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; RRAGB: Ras related GTP binding B; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TRIM37: tripartite motif containing 37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Zhijie Xia
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Jean-Claude Farré
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Suresh Subramani
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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9
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Tao Y, Xin M, Cheng H, Huang Z, Hu T, Zhang T, Wang J. TRIM37 promotes tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance in pediatric osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6365-6372. [PMID: 29163677 PMCID: PMC5686442 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is among the most frequently occurring bone tumors, particularly in children. Clinical treatment of OS is limited due to several factors including resistance to chemotherapy drugs and metastasis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, tripartite motif containing 37 (TRIM37) expression levels were upregulated in tumor samples and associated with the development of drug resistance in OS. Furthermore, chemotherapy drug treatment (doxorubicin, cisplatin and methotrexate) induced TRIM37 expression in OS cells in vitro. TRIM37 mRNA and protein were upregulated in 41 pediatric osteosarcoma clinical specimens. To further elucidate the effect of TRIM37, gain and loss-of-function analysis was performed. Overexpression of TRIM37 induced cell proliferation and drug resistance ability of OS cells, whilst TRIM37 knockdown suppressed cell growth rate and restored chemosensitivity. TRIM37-regulated genes were subsequently analyzed by expression microarray and gene set enrichment analysis. Using the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939, the present study demonstrated that TRIM37-induced chemoresistance is partially dependent on the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that TRIM37 may have a key role in the development of OS and in the ability for the cells to acquire drug resistance, thus it may be a novel target for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Meiyun Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Huanchen Cheng
- Harbin Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zongxuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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10
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Meyer R, Soellner L, Begemann M, Dicks S, Fekete G, Rahner N, Zerres K, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing Approach in Patients Referred for Silver-Russell Syndrome Testing Increases the Mutation Detection Rate and Provides Decisive Information for Clinical Management. J Pediatr 2017; 187:206-212.e1. [PMID: 28529015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of differential diagnoses to the mutation spectrum of patients referred for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) testing. STUDY DESIGN Forty-seven patients referred for molecular testing for SRS were examined after exclusion of one of the SRS-associated alterations. After clinical classification, a targeted next generation sequencing approach comprising 25 genes associated with other diagnoses or postulated as SRS candidate genes was performed. RESULTS By applying the Netchine-Harbinson clinical scoring system, indication for molecular testing for SRS was confirmed in 15 out of 47 patients. In 4 out of these 15 patients, disease-causing variants were found in genes associated with other diagnoses. These patients carried mutations associated with Bloom syndrome, Mulibrey nanism, KBG syndrome, or IGF1R-associated short stature. We could not detect any pathogenic mutation in patients with a negative clinical score. CONCLUSIONS Some of the differential diagnoses detected in the cohort presented here have a major impact on clinical management. Therefore, we emphasize that the molecular defects associated with these clinical pictures should be excluded before the clinical diagnosis "SRS" is made. Finally, we could show that a broad molecular approach including the differential diagnoses of SRS increases the detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Severin Dicks
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - György Fekete
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nils Rahner
- University Clinic Düsseldorf, Institute of Human Genetics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany.
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Kettunen KM, Karikoski R, Hämäläinen RH, Toivonen TT, Antonenkov VD, Kulesskaya N, Voikar V, Hölttä-Vuori M, Ikonen E, Sainio K, Jalanko A, Karlberg S, Karlberg N, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Toppari J, Jauhiainen M, Hiltunen JK, Jalanko H, Lehesjoki AE. Trim37-deficient mice recapitulate several features of the multi-organ disorder Mulibrey nanism. Biol Open 2016; 5:584-95. [PMID: 27044324 PMCID: PMC4874348 DOI: 10.1242/bio.016246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulibrey nanism (MUL) is a rare autosomal recessive multi-organ disorder characterized by severe prenatal-onset growth failure, infertility, cardiopathy, risk for tumors, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes. MUL is caused by loss-of-function mutations in TRIM37, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase belonging to the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family and having both peroxisomal and nuclear localization. We describe a congenic Trim37 knock-out mouse (Trim37−/−) model for MUL. Trim37−/− mice were viable and had normal weight development until approximately 12 months of age, after which they started to manifest increasing problems in wellbeing and weight loss. Assessment of skeletal parameters with computer tomography revealed significantly smaller skull size, but no difference in the lengths of long bones in Trim37−/− mice as compared with wild-type. Both male and female Trim37−/− mice were infertile, the gonads showing germ cell aplasia, hilus and Leydig cell hyperplasia and accumulation of lipids in and around Leydig cells. Male Trim37−/− mice had elevated levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, but maintained normal levels of testosterone. Six-month-old Trim37−/− mice had elevated fasting blood glucose and low fasting serum insulin levels. At 1.5 years Trim37−/− mice showed non-compaction cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly, fatty liver and various tumors. The amount and morphology of liver peroxisomes seemed normal in Trim37−/− mice. The most consistently seen phenotypes in Trim37−/− mice were infertility and the associated hormonal findings, whereas there was more variability in the other phenotypes observed. Trim37−/− mice recapitulate several features of the human MUL disease and thus provide a good model to study disease pathogenesis related to TRIM37 deficiency, including infertility, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiomyopathy and tumorigenesis. Summary: A congenic Trim37-deficient mouse model recapitulates several features of the human disorder Mulibrey nanism, and thus provides a good model to study disease pathogenesis related to TRIM37 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M Kettunen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Karikoski
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Tavastia, FI-13530 Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Riikka H Hämäläinen
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | | | - Vasily D Antonenkov
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Vootele Voikar
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Hölttä-Vuori
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Sainio
- Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susann Karlberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Karlberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Jiang J, Tian S, Yu C, Chen M, Sun C. TRIM37 promoted the growth and migration of the pancreatic cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:2629-34. [PMID: 26395261 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that tripartite motif containing 37 (TRIM37) was involved in the tumorigenesis of several cancer types. However, its expression pattern and biological functions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remained unknown. In this study, real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of TRIM37 in the pancreatic cancerous tissues. Colony formation assay and cell migration assay were performed to study the functions of TRIM37 in pancreatic cancer cells. Dual-luciferase assay was performed to study the regulation of TRIM37 on beta-catenin/TCF signaling. It was found that the expression level of TRIM37 was significantly higher in pancreatic cancerous tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Function analysis indicated that overexpression of TRIM37 promoted the growth and migration of the pancreatic cancer cells, while knocking down the expression of TRIM37 inhibited the growth and migration of the pancreatic cancer cells. The molecular mechanism study suggested that TRIM37 interacted with beta-catenin and activated the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin/TCF complex as well as the expression of its downstream target genes. Taken together, our study showed the oncogenic roles of TRIM37 in pancreatic cancer, and TRIM37 might be a promising target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - She Tian
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Meiyuan Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China.
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Azzi S, Salem J, Thibaud N, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Lieber E, Netchine I, Harbison MD. A prospective study validating a clinical scoring system and demonstrating phenotypical-genotypical correlations in Silver-Russell syndrome. J Med Genet 2015; 52:446-53. [PMID: 25951829 PMCID: PMC4501172 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple clinical scoring systems have been proposed for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). Here we aimed to test a clinical scoring system for SRS and to analyse the correlation between (epi)genotype and phenotype. Subjects and methods Sixty-nine patients were examined by two physicians. Clinical scores were generated for all patients, with a new, six-item scoring system: (1) small for gestational age, birth length and/or weight ≤−2SDS, (2) postnatal growth retardation (height ≤−2SDS), (3) relative macrocephaly at birth, (4) body asymmetry, (5) feeding difficulties and/or body mass index (BMI) ≤−2SDS in toddlers; (6) protruding forehead at the age of 1–3 years. Subjects were considered to have likely SRS if they met at least four of these six criteria. Molecular investigations were performed blind to the clinical data. Results The 69 patients were classified into two groups (Likely-SRS (n=60), Unlikely-SRS (n=9)). Forty-six Likely-SRS patients (76.7%) displayed either 11p15 ICR1 hypomethylation (n=35; 58.3%) or maternal UPD of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) (n=11; 18.3%). Eight Unlikely-SRS patients had neither ICR1 hypomethylation nor mUPD7, whereas one patient had mUPD7. The clinical score and molecular results yielded four groups that differed significantly overall and for individual scoring system factors. Further molecular screening led identifying chromosomal abnormalities in Likely-SRS-double-negative and Unlikely-SRS groups. Four Likely-SRS-double negative patients carried a DLK1/GTL2 IG-DMR hypomethylation, a mUPD16; a mUPD20 and a de novo 1q21 microdeletion. Conclusions This new scoring system is very sensitive (98%) for the detection of patients with SRS with demonstrated molecular abnormalities. Given its clinical and molecular heterogeneity, SRS could be considered as a spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Azzi
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Salem
- MAGIC Foundation, RSS/SGA Research & Education Fund, Oak Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathalie Thibaud
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Eli Lieber
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Hall JG. Review and hypothesis: syndromes with severe intrauterine growth restriction and very short stature--are they related to the epigenetic mechanism(s) of fetal survival involved in the developmental origins of adult health and disease? Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:512-27. [PMID: 20101705 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing the specific type of severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that also has post-birth growth restriction is often difficult. Eight relatively common syndromes are discussed identifying their unique distinguishing features, overlapping features, and those features common to all eight syndromes. Many of these signs take a few years to develop and the lifetime natural history of the disorders has not yet been completely clarified. The theory behind developmental origins of adult health and disease suggests that there are mammalian epigenetic fetal survival mechanisms that downregulate fetal growth, both in order for the fetus to survive until birth and to prepare it for a restricted extra-uterine environment, and that these mechanisms have long lasting effects on the adult health of the individual. Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype has recently been recognized to be related to imprinting/methylation defects. Perhaps all eight syndromes, including those with single gene mutation origin, involve the mammalian mechanism(s) of fetal survival downsizing. Insights into those mechanisms should provide avenues to understanding the natural history, the heterogeneity and possible therapy not only for these eight syndromes, but for the common adult diseases with which IUGR is associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G Hall
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, UBC and Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Taskinen S, Lohi J, Kivisaari R, Fagerholm R, Rintala R, Taskinen M. Segmental cystic kidney tumours in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 43:476-81. [DOI: 10.3109/00365590903286689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mervi Taskinen
- Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Karlberg N, Karlberg S, Karikoski R, Mikkola S, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Jalanko H. High frequency of tumours in Mulibrey nanism. J Pathol 2009; 218:163-71. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gynecological tumors in Mulibrey nanism and role for RING finger protein TRIM37 in the pathogenesis of ovarian fibrothecomas. Mod Pathol 2009; 22:570-8. [PMID: 19329943 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mulibrey nanism is an autosomal recessive growth disorder caused by mutations in the TRIM37 gene encoding a protein of unknown function. More than half of female patients with Mulibrey nanism develop benign mesenchymal tumors of ovarian sex cord-stromal origin. In this work, we characterize the gynecological tumors of female patients with Mulibrey nanism in detail. In addition to tumors of the fibrothecoma group, 18% (4/22) of the patients were observed with epithelial neoplasias, including 2 ovarian adenofibromas, 1 ovarian poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma. To investigate the possible involvement of TRIM37 alterations in the pathogenesis of sporadic fibrothecomas, we analyzed the TRIM37 cDNA for mutations and alternatively spliced transcripts and TRIM37 expression in fibrothecomas of women without Mulibrey nanism. No mutations in the open-reading frame of TRIM37 were detected. Two alternatively spliced variants were found, one lacking exon 23 and one exon 2. TRIM37del2 was also found in normal ovary but in a proportion of sporadic fibrothecomas, the TRIM37del2:TRIM37 ratio was increased. In normal ovary, TRIM37 was localized in the cytoplasm of stromal cells, especially theca cells surrounding developing follicles. TRIM37 transcript was found in all sporadic fibrothecomas examined, but 80% (20/25) of the tumors showed reduced or absent expression of TRIM37 protein. Allelic loss at the TRIM37 locus (17q22-23) was observed in 6% of sporadic fibrothecomas. Nearly half of the sporadic fibrothecomas showed evidence of CpG promoter methylation, suggesting promoter downregulation as one mechanism of reduced TRIM37 expression. In conclusion, inherited biallelic inactivation of TRIM37 (Mulibrey nanism) predisposes to both mesenchymal and epithelial ovarian tumors and dysregulation of TRIM37 may also be involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic fibrothecomas.
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