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Gromadzka G, Bendykowska M, Przybyłkowski A. Wilson’s Disease—Genetic Puzzles with Diagnostic Implications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071287. [PMID: 37046505 PMCID: PMC10093728 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Wilson’s disease (WND) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. The WND gene is ATP7B, located on chromosome 13. WND is characterized by high clinical variability, which causes diagnostic difficulties. (2) Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library medical databases were reviewed using the following phrases: “Wilson’s disease”, “ATP7B genotype”, “genotype-phenotype”, “epigenetics”, “genetic modifiers”, and their combinations. Publications presenting the results of experimental and clinical studies, as well as review papers, were selected, which concerned: (i) the diversity of genetic strategies and tests used in WND diagnosis; (ii) the difficulties of genetic diagnosis, including uncertainty as to the pathogenicity of variants; (iii) genetic counseling; (iv) phenotypic effects of ATP7B variants in patients with WND and in heterozygous carriers (HzcWND); (v) genetic and epigenetics factors modifying the clinical picture of the disease. (3) Results and conclusions: The genetic diagnosis of WND is carried out using a variety of strategies and tests. Due to the large number of known variants in the ATP7B gene (>900), the usefulness of genetic tests in routine diagnostics is still relatively small and even analyses performed using the most advanced technologies, including next-generation sequencing, require additional tests, including biochemical evidence of abnormal copper metabolism, to confirm the diagnosis of WND. Pseudodominant inheritance, the presence of three various pathogenic variants in the same patient, genotypes indicating the possibility of segmental uniparental disomy, have been reported. Genotype–phenotype relationships in WND are complex. The ATP7B genotype, to some extent, determines the clinical picture of the disease, but other genetic and epigenetic modifiers are also relevant.
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Jia S, Li X, Zhang W, Zhang B, Wu Z, Duan W, Ou X, Zhou D, Huang J. Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a microarray for the detection of ATP7B mutations in Wilson disease in China. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24735. [PMID: 36253962 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive copper metabolic disorder caused by mutations in ATP7B. Sanger sequencing is currently used for ATP7B variant identification. However, the ATP7B gene contains 21 exons, which makes sequencing of the entire gene both complex and time-consuming. Therefore, a simpler assay is urgently needed. METHODS We performed a laboratory and clinical evaluation of an oligonucleotide microarray for the detection of 24 ATP7B recurrent mutations (except p.P992L) in Chinese patients with WD. RESULTS The accuracy of the microarray was evaluated by screening for ATP7B mutations in 126 patients including 106 suspected WD samples and 20 patients with other liver diseases as negative control. Results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We established a reliable microarray system for the rapid detection of the 24 ATP7B mutations, with a sensitivity of 30 ng/test genomic DNA and specificity of 100% for all loci; the coefficient of variation in repeatability tests was <10%. Clinical evaluation showed an overall concordance between the microarray detection and sequencing of 100%, and 81.13% (86/106) of suspected WD cases showed ATP7B mutations by microarray detection. Microarray and Sanger sequencing identified p.R778L (50.94%), p.A874V (17.92%), p.P992L (11.32%), p.V1106I (11.32%), and p.I1148T (6.60%) as the most common mutations in WD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our microarray system is customizable and easily used for high-throughput detection of certain recurrent ATP7B mutations, providing a simpler method suitable for WD genetic diagnosis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jia
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Duan
- Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Donghu Zhou
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Research Center for Rare Liver Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sánchez-Monteagudo A, Ripollés E, Berenguer M, Espinós C. Wilson's Disease: Facing the Challenge of Diagnosing a Rare Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1100. [PMID: 34572285 PMCID: PMC8471362 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in ATP7B, which leads to the defective biliary excretion of copper. The subsequent gradual accumulation of copper in different organs produces an extremely variable clinical picture, which comprises hepatic, neurological psychiatric, ophthalmological, and other disturbances. WD has a specific treatment, so that early diagnosis is crucial to avoid disease progression and its devastating consequences. The clinical diagnosis is based on the Leipzig score, which considers clinical, histological, biochemical, and genetic data. However, even patients with an initial WD diagnosis based on a high Leipzig score may harbor other conditions that mimic the WD's phenotype (Wilson-like). Many patients are diagnosed using current available methods, but others remain in an uncertain area because of bordering ceruloplasmin levels, inconclusive genetic findings and unclear phenotypes. Currently, the available biomarkers for WD are ceruloplasmin and copper in the liver or in 24 h urine, but they are not solid enough. Therefore, the characterization of biomarkers that allow us to anticipate the evolution of the disease and the monitoring of new drugs is essential to improve its diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Monteagudo
- Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (E.R.)
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-IIS La Fe, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Edna Ripollés
- Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (E.R.)
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-IIS La Fe, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marina Berenguer
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-IIS La Fe, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
- Hepatology-Liver Transplantation Unit, Digestive Medicine Service, IIS La Fe and CIBER-EHD, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (A.S.-M.); (E.R.)
- Joint Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-IIS La Fe, 46012 Valencia, Spain;
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Růžička M, Souček P, Kulhánek P, Radová L, Fajkusová L, Réblová K. Bending of DNA duplexes with mutation motifs. DNA Res 2019; 26:341-352. [PMID: 31230075 PMCID: PMC6704406 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations can be induced by environmental factors but also arise spontaneously during DNA replication or due to deamination of methylated cytosines at CpG dinucleotides. Sites where mutations occur with higher frequency than would be expected by chance are termed hotspots while sites that contain mutations rarely are termed coldspots. Mutations are permanently scanned and repaired by repair systems. Among them, the mismatch repair targets base pair mismatches, which are discriminated from canonical base pairs by probing altered elasticity of DNA. Using biased molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the elasticity of coldspots and hotspots motifs detected in human genes associated with inherited disorders, and also of motifs with Czech population hotspots and de novo mutations. Main attention was paid to mutations leading to G/T and A+/C pairs. We observed that hotspots without CpG/CpHpG sequences are less flexible than coldspots, which indicates that flexible sequences are more effectively repaired. In contrary, hotspots with CpG/CpHpG sequences exhibited increased flexibility as coldspots. Their mutability is more likely related to spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines leading to C > T mutations, which are primarily targeted by base excision repair. We corroborated conclusions based on computer simulations by measuring melting curves of hotspots and coldspots containing G/T mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Růžička
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Souček
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kulhánek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Fajkusová
- Centre of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Réblová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Xu A, Lv T, Zhang B, Zhang W, Ou X, Huang J. Development and evaluation of an unlabeled probe high-resolution melting assay for detection of ATP7B mutations in Wilson's disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31:e22064. [PMID: 27638368 PMCID: PMC6817005 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the deposition of copper mainly in the liver or nerve system that leads to their dysfunction. Mutations in the gene encoding ATPase, Cu+ transporting, beta polypeptide (ATP7B) are causative for WD. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and convenient assay for detection of the three most common causative ATP7B mutations, p.R778L, p.P992L, and p.V1106I. METHODS Plasmids containing DNA fragments harboring each of the three ATP7B mutations were constructed. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was conducted by asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with paired primer and unlabeled probe, performed in a 96-well plate formatted LightCycler 480 Real-Time PCR System. The assay was evaluated for accuracy and reproducibility by genotyping of 41 WD cases. RESULTS The unlabeled probe HRM assays performed on constructs with the p.R778L, p.P992L, and p.V1106I mutations in the ATP7B gene resulted in additional melting peaks. According to the unlabeled probe HRM molecular signature, we could differentiate homozygous mutations from wild-type with the ΔTm (difference between melting temperatures) >4°C, and the coefficient of variation in repeatability tests was <5%. In the validation assay using our method to examine clinical samples, a 100% accuracy rate was achieved. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed assay to rapidly genotype the ATP7B mutations is convenient, accurate, and reproducible, and represents a favorable alternative to Sanger sequencing in the identification of specific ATP7B mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjian Xu
- Experimental CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tingxia Lv
- Experimental CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bei Zhang
- Experimental CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jian Huang
- Experimental CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Mathur M, Singh E, Poduval TB, Rao AVSSN. Development of low-density oligonucleotide microarrays for detecting mutations causing Wilson's disease. Indian J Med Res 2016; 141:175-86. [PMID: 25900953 PMCID: PMC4418154 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.155548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in ATP7B, a copper transporter gene, leading to hepatic and neuropsychiatric manifestations due to copper accumulation. If diagnosed early, WD patients can be managed by medicines reducing morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of this disease requires a combination of tests and at times is inconclusive due to overlap of the symptoms with other disorders. Genetic testing is the preferred alternative in such cases particularly for individuals with a family history. Use of DNA microarray for detecting mutations in ATP7B gene is gaining popularity because of the advantages it offers in terms of throughput and sensitivity. This study attempts to establish the quality analysis procedures for microarray based diagnosis of Wilson's disease. Methods: A home-made microarrayer was used to print oligonucleotide based low-density microarrays for addressing 62 mutations causing Wilson's disease reported from Indian population. Inter- and intra- array comparisons were used to study quality of the arrays. The arrays were validated by using mutant samples generated by site directed mutagenesis. Results: The hybridization reaction were found to be consistent across the surface of a given microarray. Our results have shown that 52 °C post-hybridization wash yields better reproducibility across experiments compared to 42 °C. Our arrays have shown > 80 per cent sensitivity in detecting these 62 mutations. Interpretation & conclusions: The present results demonstrate the design and evaluation of a low-density microarray for the detection of 62 mutations in ATP7B gene, and show that a microarray based approach can be cost-effective for detecting a large number of mutations simultaneously. This study also provides information on some of the important parameters required for microarray based diagnosis of genetic disorders.
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Amvrosiadou M, Petropoulou M, Poulou M, Tzetis M, Kanavakis E, Christopoulos TK, Ioannou PC. Multi-allele genotyping platform for the simultaneous detection of mutations in the Wilson disease related ATP7B gene. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1006:201-208. [PMID: 26580967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder of copper transport in the hepatocytes with a wide range of genotype and phenotype characteristics. Mutations in the ATP7B gene are responsible for the disease. Approximately, over 500 mutations in the ATP7B gene have been described to date. We report a method for the simultaneous detection of the ten most common ATP7B gene mutations in Greek patients. The method comprises 3 simple steps: (i) multiplex PCR amplification of fragments in the ATP7B gene flanking the mutations (ii) multiplex primer extension reaction of the unpurified amplification products using allele-specific primers and (iii) visual detection of the primer extension reaction products within minutes by means of dry-reagent multi-allele dipstick assay using anti-biotin conjugated gold nanoparticles. Optimization studies on the efficiency and specificity of the PEXT reaction were performed. The method was evaluated by genotyping 46 DNA samples of known genotype and 34 blind samples. The results were fully concordant with those obtained by reference methods. The method is simple, rapid, cost-effective and it does not require specialized instrumentation or highly qualified personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amvrosiadou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Athens University, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Margarita Petropoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Athens University, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Myrto Poulou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Athens University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Tzetis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Athens University, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Theodore K Christopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Penelope C Ioannou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Athens University, Athens 15771, Greece.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Geographic distribution of ATP7B mutations in different populations. OBJECTIVE To summarise common mutations in the ATP7B gene and graphically illustrate their prevalence in different populations. METHODS A literature search was done using PubMed and the Wilson Disease Mutation Database (http://www.wilsondisease.med.ualberta.ca/database). RESULTS p.His1069Gln is the most prevalent mutation seen in Europe. In the Mediterranean countries, the array of prevalent mutations is different from the rest of Europe. In Far East Asian countries, the mutation p.Arg778Leu is the most common. In India, no single mutation seems to be dominant, owing to the vast ethnic diversity of the country. The p.Cys271* mutation is dominant in the east, west and south, but not reported in the north. In the Middle East, data from Saudi Arabia shows the p.Gln1399Arg mutation as the most prevalent. In the US, the p.His1069Gln is dominant, whereas in Brazil the mutation c.3402delC dominates. CONCLUSION Clinical features in WD patients can be misleading and often absent. Genetic testing is used to confirm the diagnosis. However, owing to the large gene size and vast diversity in the mutations, genetic testing can be time-consuming and tedious. This study reviews ATP7B mutations seen in different populations and can help develop time-saving methods and expediate the process of genetic analysis of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gomes
- a Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , Harokopio University of Athens , Athens , Greece and.,b Wilson Disease Clinic, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute , Mumbai , India
| | - George V Dedoussis
- a Department of Dietetics and Nutrition , Harokopio University of Athens , Athens , Greece and
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Jeenduang N, Porntadavity S, von Nickisch-Rosenegk M, Bier FF, Promptmas C. Two-dye based arrayed primer extension for simultaneous multigene detection in lipid metabolism. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 442:36-43. [PMID: 25591965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Numerous genetic risk factors in lipid metabolism, including mutations of LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9, as well as polymorphisms of CETP and APOE, have been found to associate with CVD. METHODS In this study, a two-dye based arrayed primer extension (APEX) microarray assay for simultaneous multigene (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, CETP, and APOE) detection was developed. The DNA templates, originating from 1 DNA sample of known genotype and 7 blind DNA samples, were amplified by uniplex PCR. RESULTS Optimized conditions for the APEX reaction were determined to include a hybridization temperature of 55°C and a DNA template size of 50-150bp. The total assay including PCR, purification, fragmentation, APEX reaction, and image analysis could be performed in 6h. In total, 48 genotypes were identified among 8 individual DNA samples by APEX analysis. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that this APEX microarray offers a robust, fast, and versatile option for screening these genotypes in hypercholesterolemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutjaree Jeenduang
- School of Allied Health Science and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand; Department of Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Sureerut Porntadavity
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Markus von Nickisch-Rosenegk
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Chamras Promptmas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Ostan R, Cevenini E, Gonos ES, Monti D. Micronutrient-gene interactions related to inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity in ageing and inflammation. A systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:29-49. [PMID: 24388876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent longitudinal studies in dietary daily intake in human centenarians have shown that a satisfactory content of some micronutrients within the cells maintain several immune functions, a low grade of inflammation and preserve antioxidant activity. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, selenium) play a pivotal role in maintaining and reinforcing the performances of the immune and antioxidant systems as well as in affecting the complex network of the genes (nutrigenomic) with anti- and pro-inflammatory tasks. Genes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and some key regulators of trace elements homeostasis, such as Metallothioneins (MT), are involved in the susceptibility to major geriatric disease/disorders. Moreover, the genetic inter-individual variability may affect the nutrients' absorption (nutrigenetic) with altered effects on inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity. The interaction between genetic factors and micronutrients (nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic approaches) may influence ageing and longevity because the micronutrients may become also toxic. This review reports the micronutrient-gene interactions in ageing and their impact on the healthy state with a focus on the method of protein-metal speciation analysis. The association between micronutrient-gene interactions and the protein-metal speciation analysis can give a complete picture for a personalized nutrient supplementation or chelation in order to reach healthy ageing and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Cevenini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Rafeah S, Ji H, Xie S, Ning Y, Zhang GJ. Accelerated DNA recombination on a functionalized microfluidic chip. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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12
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Nussinson E, Shahbari A, Shibli F, Chervinsky E, Trougouboff P, Markel A. Diagnostic challenges of Wilson’s disease presenting as acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, and jaundice. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:649-653. [PMID: 24303094 PMCID: PMC3847949 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i11.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson’s disease is a rare disorder of copper transport in hepatic cells, and may present as cholestatic liver disease; pancreatitis and cholangitis are rarely associated with Wilsons’s disease. Moreover, cases of Wilson’s disease presenting as pigmented gallstone pancreatitis have not been reported in the literature. In the present report, we describe a case of a 37-year-old man who was admitted with jaundice and abdominal pain. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, and obstructive jaundice caused by pigmented gallstones that were detected during retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, because of his long-term jaundice and the presence of pigmented gallstones, the patient underwent further evaluation for Wilson’s disease, which was subsequently confirmed. This patient’s unique presentation exemplifies the overlap in the clinical and laboratory parameters of Wilson’s disease and cholestasis, and the difficulties associated with their differentiation. It suggests that Wilson’s disease should be considered in patients with pancreatitis, cholangitis, and severe protracted jaundice caused by pigmented gallstones.
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Coffey AJ, Durkie M, Hague S, McLay K, Emmerson J, Lo C, Klaffke S, Joyce CJ, Dhawan A, Hadzic N, Mieli-Vergani G, Kirk R, Elizabeth Allen K, Nicholl D, Wong S, Griffiths W, Smithson S, Giffin N, Taha A, Connolly S, Gillett GT, Tanner S, Bonham J, Sharrack B, Palotie A, Rattray M, Dalton A, Bandmann O. A genetic study of Wilson's disease in the United Kingdom. Brain 2013; 136:1476-87. [PMID: 23518715 PMCID: PMC3634195 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have failed to identify mutations in the Wilson's disease gene ATP7B in a significant number of clinically diagnosed cases. This has led to concerns about genetic heterogeneity for this condition but also suggested the presence of unusual mutational mechanisms. We now present our findings in 181 patients from the United Kingdom with clinically and biochemically confirmed Wilson's disease. A total of 116 different ATP7B mutations were detected, 32 of which are novel. The overall mutation detection frequency was 98%. The likelihood of mutations in genes other than ATP7B causing a Wilson's disease phenotype is therefore very low. We report the first cases with Wilson's disease due to segmental uniparental isodisomy as well as three patients with three ATP7B mutations and three families with Wilson's disease in two consecutive generations. We determined the genetic prevalence of Wilson's disease in the United Kingdom by sequencing the entire coding region and adjacent splice sites of ATP7B in 1000 control subjects. The frequency of all single nucleotide variants with in silico evidence of pathogenicity (Class 1 variant) was 0.056 or 0.040 if only those single nucleotide variants that had previously been reported as mutations in patients with Wilson's disease were included in the analysis (Class 2 variant). The frequency of heterozygote, putative or definite disease-associated ATP7B mutations was therefore considerably higher than the previously reported occurrence of 1:90 (or 0.011) for heterozygote ATP7B mutation carriers in the general population (P < 2.2 × 10(-16) for Class 1 variants or P < 5 × 10(-11) for Class 2 variants only). Subsequent exclusion of four Class 2 variants without additional in silico evidence of pathogenicity led to a further reduction of the mutation frequency to 0.024. Using this most conservative approach, the calculated frequency of individuals predicted to carry two mutant pathogenic ATP7B alleles is 1:7026 and thus still considerably higher than the typically reported prevalence of Wilson's disease of 1:30 000 (P = 0.00093). Our study provides strong evidence for monogenic inheritance of Wilson's disease. It also has major implications for ATP7B analysis in clinical practice, namely the need to consider unusual genetic mechanisms such as uniparental disomy or the possible presence of three ATP7B mutations. The marked discrepancy between the genetic prevalence and the number of clinically diagnosed cases of Wilson's disease may be due to both reduced penetrance of ATP7B mutations and failure to diagnose patients with this eminently treatable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miranda Durkie
- 2 Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Stephen Hague
- 3 Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Kirsten McLay
- 1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- 4 The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Christine Lo
- 3 Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Stefanie Klaffke
- 3 Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | | | - Anil Dhawan
- 5 King’s College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Kirk
- 2 Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | | | - David Nicholl
- 6 Department of Neurology, Birmingham City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Siew Wong
- 6 Department of Neurology, Birmingham City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | | | | | - Nicola Giffin
- 9 Department of Neurology, Royal United Hospitals Bath, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - Ali Taha
- 10 University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, KA2 0BE, UK
| | - Sally Connolly
- 11 Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Godfrey T. Gillett
- 12 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK
| | - Stuart Tanner
- 11 Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Jim Bonham
- 11 Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Basil Sharrack
- 3 Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- 1 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- 13 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, Finland
- 14 Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Genetic Analysis Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- 15 Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnus Rattray
- 3 Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ann Dalton
- 2 Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- 3 Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
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Avances en el diagnóstico molecular de la enfermedad de Wilson. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2011; 34:428-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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An APEX-based genotyping microarray for the screening of 168 mutations associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Wilson disease, a genetic disorder of copper metabolism, presents typically in the second and third decades of life with hepatic or neuropsychiatric disease. Clinical presentations often vary depending on age and degree of onset; although clinical and biochemical testing can usually establish a diagnosis, the data are difficult to interpret in some patients. Correctly identifying patients from nonaffected carriers is important because treatment is lifelong. Genetic testing has greatly improved the ability to diagnose Wilson disease in affected patients and in their siblings even without clear-cut clinical and biochemical data. Direct sequencing of ATP7B for disease-specific mutations is now the standard for molecular diagnosis. However, haplotype analysis is useful when only a single mutation can be found. In specific populations with a higher frequency of a specific mutation, direct testing for these mutations can simplify and expedite molecular diagnosis. The molecular genetic test is now available commercially and in specific research laboratories; however, barriers to its use include cost, understanding when to perform it, and interpretation. This test eventually will be incorporated into the diagnostic armamentarium, allowing timely diagnosis and perhaps reversal or even prevention of further copper-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Schilsky
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Digestive Diseases and Transplant and Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Abstract
Paediatric neurological disorders encompass a large group of clinically heterogeneous diseases, of which some are known to have a genetic cause. Over the past few years, advances in nosological classifications and in strategies for molecular testing have substantially improved the diagnosis, genetic counselling, and clinical management of many patients, and have facilitated the possibility of prenatal diagnoses for future pregnancies. However, the increasing availability of genetic tests for paediatric neurological disorders is raising important questions with regard to the appropriateness, choice of protocols, interpretation of results, and ethical and social concerns of these services. In this Review, we discuss these topics and how these concerns affect genetic counselling.
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