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Mirsharif ES, Rostamian A, Salehi M, Askari N, Ghazanfari T. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) +49A>G (rs231775) gene polymorphism is not associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality in an Iranian population. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23308. [PMID: 38116190 PMCID: PMC10726245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) regulates T cell immune responses as an immune activation inhibitor. Literature reviews suggest that COVID-19 is associated with dysregulation of the inflammatory immune response. The purpose of the present hospital-based case-control study was to evaluate the genetic association of the CTLA4 +49A > G (rs231775) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) with COVID-19 severity and mortality among the Iranian people. Method Genomic DNA of peripheral blood nuclear cells was extracted from the 794 COVID-19 patients and 167 control individuals. The polymorphic site of rs231775 was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP technique. Also, to identify whether this genetic variation was related to CTLA-4 mRNA expression, total RNA was extracted from 178 COVID-19 patients and 70 controls. The mRNA levels of CTLA-4 were determined using real-time PCR. Result There were no statistically significant differences found in the genotype and allele frequencies among the different genetic models with regards to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Furthermore, there was no significant association between rs231775 genotypes and CTLA-4 mRNA expression in patients. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection is not associated with rs231775 in the Iranian people. More investigations are crucial to show how this genetic variation affects other ethnic groups. Given the importance of CTLA-4 in regulating immune responses, further studies are recommended to examine other CTLA-4 SNPs and the function of this gene in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolrahman Rostamian
- Rheumatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Medicines, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayere Askari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahid Bahonar, University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang J, Zhou P, Hu S, Qi J. Meta-analysis of the genetic association between PTPN22, CTLA-4 variants and risk of uveitis. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 65:264-275. [PMID: 35130554 DOI: 10.1159/000521301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the risk of PTPN22, CTLA-4 genetic variants with uveitis have been developed, the combined results still remain uncertain and controversial. OBJECTIVES To perform a meta-analysis to estimate the precise association of PTPN22 (rs2488457, rs2476601) and CTLA-4 (rs231775, rs5742909, rs4553808, and rs3087243) polymorphisms with uveitis susceptibility. METHOD Five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI) were systematically searched for relevant literature up to July 20, 2021. All statistical analysis were evaluated by STATA 12.0 software and R programming language. RESULTS Our meta-results indicated that PTPN22 rs2488457 conferred positive susceptibility to uveitis (OR=1.18, 95%CI=1.02-1.38, p=0.029). In stratified analysis by ethnicity, rs2488457 C allele had a growing tendency towards uveitis in Asian region (OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.00-1.45, p=0.046). For CTLA-4 rs231775, subgroup analysis based on ethnicity manifested a negative association among uveitis individuals in Africa region (OR=0.25, 95%CI=0.19-0.33, p<0.001). For CTLA-4 rs4553808, subgroup analysis by disease type revealed that GG genotype was associated with an elevated risk of Behcet's disease (OR=3.22, 95%CI=1.05-9.90, p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed that PTPN22 rs2488457 conferred strong susceptibility to uveitis in general, especially in Asian region. CTLA-4 rs231775 conveyed protection against uveitis in African populations and CTLA-4 rs4553808 displayed an increased risk of Behcet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiong Hu
- Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Smith R, Moots RJ, Murad M, Wallace GR. A Darwinian View of Behçet's Disease. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 2:91-99. [PMID: 36465976 PMCID: PMC9524781 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by oral and genital ulceration, with other complications including eye, skin, joint, and central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, which may differ between patients. There is a strong genetic basis for BD; however, only a few genes have been associated with the disease across the geographical spread of BD. In this article, we discuss the history and combination of genes involved in this complex disease in relation to the geographical range and present our view that the disease has developed from a Darwinian perspective, with different gene polymorphisms that affect the same biological pathway. Moreover, these mutations individually are protective mechanisms against the disease relevant to each region, which affected both archaic and modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhodri Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Mariam Murad
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham R. Wallace
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- E-mail:
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Molecular analysis of CTLA4 gene in patients with Behçet's disease from an Iranian Northwest Azeri population. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ataei M, Behfarjam F, Jadali Z. TIM-3 genetic variants and risk of Behçet disease in the Iranian population. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:429-433. [PMID: 31644615 PMCID: PMC7007023 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet disease is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. The transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a distinct member of the TIM family that is preferentially expressed on Th1 cells and plays a role in Th1-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, such as Behçet disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the potential association between TIM-3 gene polymorphisms and Behçet disease. METHODS Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TIM-3 (rs9313439 and rs10515746) were genotyped in 212 patients with Behçet disease and 200 healthy controls. Typing of the polymorphisms was performed using multiplex PCR amplification. RESULTS There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the Behçet disease patients and controls who were successfully genotyped. Similar results were also found after stratification by gender, age, or clinical features. STUDY LIMITATIONS Lack of studies on various racial or ethnic groups and small sample size. CONCLUSION This study failed to demonstrate any association between the tested TIM-3 polymorphisms and Behçet disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Ataei
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Behfarjam
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jadali
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Determination of mir-155 and mir-146a expression rates and its association with expression level of TNF-α and CTLA4 genes in patients with Behcet’s disease. Immunol Lett 2018; 204:55-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mazzoccoli G, Matarangolo A, Rubino R, Inglese M, De Cata A. Behçet syndrome: from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Clin Exp Med 2014; 16:1-12. [PMID: 25447032 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Behçet syndrome is a chronic disease hallmarked by inflammation of the blood vessels that is related to an autoimmune reaction caused by inherited susceptibility due to specific genes and environmental factors, probably components of infectious microorganisms, which turn on or get going the disease in genetically susceptible subjects. The more common clinical expression of the disease is represented by a triple-symptom complex of recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis, sometimes associated with inflammatory arthritis, phlebitis, iritis, as well as inflammation of the digestive tract, brain, and spinal cord. The treatment strategies used to manage the manifestations of Behçet syndrome have gradually progressed, and a number of new therapeutic resources have been implemented in recent years, allowing better control of pathogenic mechanisms, reducing symptoms and suffering, and ameliorating patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Angela Matarangolo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Rosa Rubino
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Michele Inglese
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Angelo De Cata
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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Abdel Galil SM, Hagrass HA. The role of CTLA-4 exon-1 49 A/G polymorphism and soluble CTLA-4 protein level in egyptian patients with Behçet's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:513915. [PMID: 24991555 PMCID: PMC4060294 DOI: 10.1155/2014/513915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the association of the A/G SNP at position +49 of exon-1 in the CTLA-4 gene to the susceptibility and clinical manifestations of Behcet's disease (BD). It was performed on 60 Egyptian BD patients and 95 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The genotypes for the +49 A/G polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene were determined by PCR-RFLP, while the serum level of CTLA-4 protein was measured by ELISA. CTLA-4 +49 A allele (P < 0.001, OR = 3.084, and CI (95%) = 1.90-4.99) and A/A genotype (P < 0.001, OR = 6.643, and CI (95%) = 2.58-17.10) frequency distribution was significantly more increased in patients than in the controls, with no significant differences between males and females with regard to the genotype or allele frequency distribution. A/A genotype was associated with a more reduced expression of sCTLA-4 protein in patients than in the controls (1.76 ± 0.19 versus 1.91 ± 0.30, resp; P < 0.0007). In addition, it is associated with the occurrence of ocular and vasculitic manifestations of BD in the patient group. The CTLA-4 gene could be considered as a susceptibility and a disease-modifying gene to BD in Egyptian population that needs further confirmatory studies on larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M. Abdel Galil
- Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Hagrass
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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The genetics of Behçet’s disease in a Chinese population. Front Med 2012; 6:354-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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CTLA-4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to Behcet’s disease: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9041-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pineton de Chambrun M, Wechsler B, Geri G, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. New insights into the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:687-98. [PMID: 22197900 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a recurrent systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin characterized by oral and genital mucous ulcer, uveitis, and skin lesions. Involvement of large vessels, central nervous system (CNS), gastrointestinal tract and thrombotic events are less frequent but can be life threatening. The aim of this review is to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of BD. Over the past year substantial advances have been done in the understanding of the genetic [1,2] and immunology [3] of BD. BD is at the crossroad between autoimmune and autoinflammatory syndromes. In common with autoimmune diseases BD shares class I MHC association. However, in contrast to autoimmune disorders, BD has clinical features that seem to be mostly autoinflammatory. The pathogenesis of BD is still unknown, but major determinants of the genetic and immune system abnormalities have been reported recently. Triggering infectious factors are supposed to participate in the outbreak of BD in genetically predisposed patients. Two recent large genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in Turkey and Japan reported association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-23R/IL-12RB2 genes and BD. New insights into the perturbations of T cell homeostasis of BD recently emerged. We have recently demonstrated the promotion of Th17 responses and the suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that were driven by interleukin (IL)-21 production and that correlates with BD activity. Inflammatory cells within BD inflammatory lesions included mostly neutrophils, Th1 and Th17 cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ and γδ T cells. Altogether, the recent progresses in the knowledge of BD pathogenesis pave the way for innovative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pineton de Chambrun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory I3 Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy, UMR CNRS 7211, INSERM U959, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpetrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Paris, France
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The +49A>G CTLA-4 polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Mexican population. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:725-8. [PMID: 20138855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) is one of the major susceptibility genes associated with autoimmune diseases. Susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. The genetic contribution approaches 50-60%. The association between RA with the +49A>G CTLA-4 polymorphism in the Mexican population was investigated. METHODS The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment was used to amplify the +49A>G CTLA-4 polymorphism in RA patients and healthy subjects (HS). RESULTS We analyzed the association between the +49A>G CTLA-4 polymorphism and RA. The G allele frequency was higher in RA patients than HS (46.8 vs 37.7%, OR=1.45, p=0.01). RA patients carrying the A/G genotype were significantly more likely to be positive to CRP and RF. There was no evidence of an association between SNP genotypes and the clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSIONS The +49A>G CTLA-4 polymorphism is a genetic marker of susceptibility for RA in western Mexican population.
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+49G > A polymorphism in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene increases susceptibility to hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a male Chinese population. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:83-7. [PMID: 19778566 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.09.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an important regulator and functions negatively in immune response. Its nonsynonymous polymorphism +49G > A (dbSNP: rs231775) has been linked to an elevated risk of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and even carcinomas. Here, we examined the genotypes at rs231775 of 1003 subjects in a Han Chinese population to detect the association between this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility, including 375 HBV-related HCC patients, 209 non-HCC patients with HBV infection, and 419 healthy controls. Our results indicated a weak trend for the relationship between rs231775 and HBV-related HCC susceptibility, although the statistical level was not significant. However, a significant difference was identified in males between HBV-related HCC patients and healthy controls. The data revealed that the frequency of the A/A genotype was higher in patients compared with healthy controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05-3.08). The G allele appeared to have a protective effect in developing HBV-related HCC. Subjects with the A allele had higher HCC susceptibility than those with the G allele (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.66). These results suggested that the A/A genotype and A allele of rs231775 increased the risk of developing HBV-related HCC in a male Chinese population.
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