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Haji Abbasi Somehsaraie M, Fathi Vavsari V, Kamangar M, Balalaie S. Chemical Wastes in the Peptide Synthesis Process and Ways to Reduce Them. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e123879. [PMID: 36942077 PMCID: PMC10024322 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-123879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a growing interest has been observed among pharmaceutical companies in producing and selling 80 FDA-approved therapeutic peptides. However, there are many drawbacks to peptide synthesis at the academic and industrial scales, involving the use of large amounts of highly hazardous coupling reagents and solvents. This review focuses on hideous and observant wastes produced before, during, and after peptide synthesis and proposes some solutions to reduce them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamangar
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Liu Y, Liu S, Liu Z, Zhao C, Li C, Zhou Y, Jiao C, Gao Y, He H, Zhang S. A comparative study on the coordination of diglycolamide isomers with Nd(iii): extraction, third phase formation, structure, and computational studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27969-27977. [PMID: 35480733 PMCID: PMC9037995 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel asymmetric diglycolamide N,N-dimethyl-N′,N′-dioctyl diglycolamide (LII) was synthesized. The Nd(iii) extraction behavior from HNO3 and loading capability of the solution of LII in 40/60 (v/v)% n-octanol/kerosene were studied. Analyses by the slope method, ESI-MS, and FT-IR indicated that, similar to the previously studied isomer ligand N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dioctyl diglycolamide (LI), 1 : 3 Nd(iii)/LII complexes formed. Under the same experimental conditions, the distribution ratio and limiting organic concentration of LII towards Nd(iii) were smaller than those of LI, but the critical aqueous concentration of LII was larger, which implies that LII exhibited poorer extraction and loading capabilities towards Nd(iii) than LI, and LII has a tendency to be less likely to form the third phase. The quasi-relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to provide some explanations for the differences in their extraction behaviors. The electrostatic potential of the ligands indicated that the electron-donating ability of the amide O atoms in LII displayed certain differences compared with LI. This inhomogeneity in LII affected the interaction between LII and Nd(iii), as supported by QTAIM and bonding nature analysis, and it seemed to reflect in the extraction performance towards Nd(iii). The inhomogeneous interactions of M–Oamide in the LII ligand result in differences between the metal-ion extraction performances of two isomeric ligands.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyang Liu
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Sheng Liu
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Chuang Zhao
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Chunhui Li
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Yu Zhou
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Caishan Jiao
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Yang Gao
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001
| | - Hui He
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University Harbin Heilongjiang Province China 150001 .,China Institute of Atomic Energy P. O. Box 275 (126) Beijing 102413 China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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Spare LK, Laude V, Harman DG, Aldrich-Wright JR, Gordon CP. An optimised approach for continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis utilising a rudimentary flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
From the repurposing of used HPLC components, a chromatography column, a Rheodyne,® and a heater stirrer, a simple, cost-effective system to conveniently conduct continuous flow solid-phase peptide construction was assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson K. Spare
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
| | - Victoire Laude
- Sigma Clermont
- Chemical Engineering Graduate School
- Aubière
- France
| | - David G. Harman
- School of Medicine
- Western Sydney University
- Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group
- School of Medicine
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith South DC
- Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group
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Mitsuhashi J, Nakayama T, Narai-Kanayama A. Mechanism of papain-catalyzed synthesis of oligo-tyrosine peptides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 75-76:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Wilson RM, Dong S, Wang P, Danishefsky SJ. The winding pathway to erythropoietin along the chemistry-biology frontier: a success at last. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7646-65. [PMID: 23775885 PMCID: PMC4729195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of a homogeneous erythropoietin (EPO), possessing the native amino acid sequence and chitobiose glycans at each of the three wild-type sites of N glycosylation, has been accomplished in our laboratory. We provide herein an account of our decade-long research effort en route to this formidable target compound. The optimization of the synergy of the two bedrock sciences we now call biology and chemistry was central to the success of the synthesis of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Suwei Dong
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027
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Wilson RM, Dong S, Wang P, Danishefsky SJ. Der gewundene Pfad zum Erythropoietin entlang der Grenze von Chemie und Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang P, Aussedat B, Vohra Y, Danishefsky SJ. An advance in the chemical synthesis of homogeneous N-linked glycopolypeptides by convergent aspartylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11571-5. [PMID: 23011954 PMCID: PMC3500778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a useful advance in glycopeptide synthesis. We have developed a one-flask aspartylation/deprotection method, wherein long peptide fragments, bearing proximal pseudoproline functionality are merged with complex glycan domains. Following aspartylation, acidmediated global deprotection reveals the elaborated glycopeptide. The temporary pseudoproline functionality serves to suppress formation of aspartimide side products during solid phase peptide synthesis and aspartylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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8
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Wang P, Aussedat B, Vohra Y, Danishefsky SJ. An Advance in the Chemical Synthesis of Homogeneous N-Linked Glycopolypeptides by Convergent Aspartylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Subirós-Funosas R, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Aspartimide formation in peptide chemistry: occurrence, prevention strategies and the role of N-hydroxylamines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Subirós-Funosas R, El-Faham A, Albericio F. Use of Oxyma as pH modulatory agent to be used in the prevention of base-driven side reactions and its effect on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin. Biopolymers 2011; 98:89-97. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Mezzato S, Unverzagt C. Synthesis of an Fmoc-Asn-heptasaccharide building block and its application to chemoenzymatic glycopeptide synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1306-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Availability of tyrosine amide for α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed synthesis of oligo-tyrosine peptides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Narai-Kanayama A, Aso K. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory oligo-tyrosine peptides synthesized by α-chymotrypsin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Schön I, Kisfaludy L. Formation of aminosuccinyl peptides during acidolytic deprotection followed by their transformation to piperazine-2,5-dione derivatives in neutral media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 14:485-94. [PMID: 43840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1979.tb01960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged acidic treatment of Boc-Leu-Asp(OBut)-Phe-NH2 with 4N HCl in acetic acid resulted in H-Leu-Asc-Phe-NH2 . HCl(Asc, aminosuccinyl), which transformed partially to cyclo[Leu-Asp(Phe-NH2)] during its purification by column chromatography on silica gel with a mixture of ethyl acetate/pyridine/acetic acid/water = 60:20:6:11, i.e. in neutral medium. Examination of the imide formation was extended to different reaction conditions (no imide derivative was detected in trifluoroacetic acid), to several protected derivatives of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide and to tripeptides containing an aspartyl residue in the middle position. It was clearly demonstrated that in strongly acidic media the imide derivatives are directly formed from the aspartyl peptides containing a free beta-carboxyl group. The influence of the C-terminal residue was greater than the N-terminal on both the rate of formation of the imide and its further transformation to piperazine-2,5-dione derivative. In aqueous ethanol the X-Asc-Y-NH2 (X, Pro, Leu; Y, Gly, Ala, Val, Phg, Phe) containing N-terminal proline are more readily transformed to piperazine-2,5-dione derivatives, but compared to simple proline dipeptides the rate of this transformation is relatively slow because of the crowdedness of the tricyclic transitional state.
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BODANSZKY MIKLOS, BODANSZKY AGNES. Improved selectivity in the removal of the tert.-butyloxycarbonyl group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1984.tb03128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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19
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Capasso S, Mattia CA, Mazzarella P, Zagari A. Conformational properties of aminosuccinyl peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1984.tb02717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Fletcher S, Gunning PT. Mild, efficient and rapid O-debenzylation of ortho-substituted phenols with trifluoroacetic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Huang S, Luo Y, Huang Z, Wang X, Bu X, Liu P, Ma L, Xie B, Liu Z, Li Y, Chan ASC. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 9‐Substituted Benzo[de]chromene‐7,8‐dione and 5‐Benzyl‐9‐substituted Benzo[de]chromene‐7,8‐dione. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600764683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Kostidis S, Stathopoulos P, Chondrogiannis NI, Sakarellos C, Tsikaris V. Aspartyl methyl ester formation via aspartimide ring opening: a proposed modification of the protocols used in Boc- and Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Preparation of phosphopeptide thioesters by Fmoc-and Fmoc(2-F)-solid phase synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02446529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ruzza P, Donella-Deana A, Calderan A, Filippi B, Cesaro L, Pinna LA, Borin G. An exploration of the effects of constraints on the phosphorylation of synthetic protein tyrosine kinase peptide substrates. J Pept Sci 1996; 2:325-38. [PMID: 9230460 DOI: 10.1002/psc.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized by classical solution methods three conformational constrained analogues of EDNEYTA, a heptapeptide sequence that represents the common major autophosphorylation site of the protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) of the Src family. The correlation between the different structural properties induced by the modifications of the native sequence and the propensity of the peptides to act as PTK substrates was examined. The kinetic data obtained indicate that the introduction of the tyrosine-analogue constraints Tic(OH) and MeTyr, which block the ring flexibility, completely prevents the phosphorylation catalysed by the kinases Lyn and Fgr. On the other hand PTKIIB/p38syk can phosphorylate the two derivatives albeit with an efficiency lower than that found with the native sequence. A third derivative contained side chain to side chain cyclization. This analogue, in which the freedom of the phenolic moiety is not altered, can be phosphorylated by all the PTKs tested with kinetic constants comparable to the parent peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ruzza
- CNR, Biopolymers Research Centre, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padua, Italy
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28
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Karlström A, Undén A. A new protecting group for aspartic acid that minimizes piperidine-catalyzed aspartimide formation in Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Sprengard U, Schudok M, Schmidt W, Kretzschmar G, Kunz H. Multiple Sialyl-Lewisx-N-Glycopeptide: Effektive Liganden für E-Selectin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961080324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Voelter W. A New and Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Peptides Containing Aspartylglycyl Sequences. CHEM LETT 1995. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1995.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Ruzza P, Calderan A, Filippi B, Biondi B, Deana AD, Cesaro L, Pinna LA, Borin G. Linear and cyclic synthetic peptides related to the main autophosphorylation site of the Src tyrosine kinases as substrates and inhibitors of Lyn. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1995; 45:529-39. [PMID: 7558583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb01316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine protein kinases (TPKs) of the src family contain two major phosphoacceptor sites which are homologous to the Tyr 416 and Tyr 527 of pp60c-src. The former represents the main autophosphorylation sites of these enzymes, and its phosphorylation correlates with increased kinase activity. It has previously been demonstrated that the Src-like tyrosine kinase expressed by the oncogene lyn displays a high affinity toward the heptapeptide H-Glu-Asp-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Thr-Ala-OH, which reproduces the main autophosphorylation site of the Src family enzymes [Donella-Deana, A., Marin, O., Brunati, A.M. & Pinna, L.A. (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 204, 1159-1163]. Our study was addressed to the synthesis of some derivatives of this sequence in order to obtain both peptide substrates suitable for the detection of the Src-like tyrosine kinase activity and active site-directed inhibitors specific for this class of enzymes. For this purpose we synthesized by classical solution methods the heptapeptide and its dimeric form. Moreover, in order to improve the proteolytic resistance of these peptides we also synthesized their cyclic derivatives and their N-terminal acetylated and C-terminal amidated analogs. The correlation between the different structural properties induced by the modifications of the native sequence and the propensity of the peptides to act as Lyn substrates was examined. The kinetic data obtained indicate that the extent of the peptide phosphorylation varies considerably depending on the flexibility and length of the analogs. While the cyclization and the C-terminal amidation of the heptapeptide are detrimental for the Lyn activity, dimeric derivatives display very favourable kinetic constants. In particular the cyclic dimer is an especially suitable substrate for the tyrosine kinase and a powerful inhibitor of both the phosphorylation activity of Lyn and the enzyme autophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ruzza
- CNR, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padua, Italy
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32
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Lauer JL, Fields CG, Fields GB. Sequence dependence of aspartimide formation during 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl solid-phase peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00117955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Ede NJ, Rae ID, Hearn MT. Synthesis and conformation of constrained peptides with hypoglycaemic activity derived from human growth hormone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 44:568-81. [PMID: 7705979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The alpha-aminosuccinimide (Asu11) octapeptide analogue of human growth hormone hGH[6-13] (Leu6-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asu-Asn-Ala13) has been reported [Robson et al. (1990) Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler 371, 423-431] to have hypoglycaemic activity whilst the corresponding peptide with Asp at position 11 is inactive. In order to determine whether this change in activity is caused by conformational and/or stereo-electronic effects, the incorporation of two different isomeric gamma-lactam structures at position 11 has been investigated. One lactam structure (i) is of the type developed by Freidinger and coworkers [Freidinger et al. (1982) J. Org. Chem. 47, 102-107], whilst the isomeric gamma-lactam structure (ii) represents a new type of constrained synthon for use in peptide synthesis. The chiral type-ii gamma-lactam was synthesized via a suitably protected desoxodipeptide prepared in several ways from L-aspartic acid. The solution conformations of the [Asu11]- and the [gamma-lactam11]-containing hGH[6-13] peptide analogues were investigated with the aid of two-dimensional NMR (COSY and NOESY) spectroscopy. Conformational similarities were found for these hGH[6-13] peptide analogues. For example, for all peptide analogues studied, weak NOEs were evident between the Phe10 ring protons and protons of the amino acid residues at the C-terminus. Overall, however, the NOESY NMR spectra of the [Asu11]- and the [gamma-lactam11]-containing peptides related to hGH[6-13] suggest the presence of an extended structure in solution with a possible weak type II' beta-turn at position 11. The extent of conformational constraint introduced into these hGH[6-13] peptide analogues by substitution of the Asu11 residue with either isomeric gamma-lactam structure was reflected as differences in their hypoglycaemic activity. In particular, the hGH[6-13] peptide analogue derived from the new chiral type-ii gamma-lactam exhibits both lower activity in intravenous insulin tolerance tests in vivo and weaker NOEs than the isomeric hGH[6-13] peptide analogue derived from the type (i) gamma-lactam structure. The relative change in blood glucose levels from 20 to 90 min for the racemic (R,S)-form of the type-ii gamma-lactam compared to the control values was approximately half that of the (S)-stereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ede
- Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Aspartimide formation in the joining peptide sequence of porcine and mouse pro-opiomelanocortin. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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36
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Robson VM, Rae ID, Ng F. Identification of the aspartimide structure in a previously-reported peptide. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1990; 371:423-31. [PMID: 2378679 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1990.371.1.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The octapeptide Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asp-Asn-Ala (hGH 6-13) has been reported to show insulin-potentiating properties, and its synthesis by conventional solid-phase synthesis was previously described. It is now shown that peptide synthesized with diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine as neutralizing base in each cycle does have the above structure. When triethylamine was used as neutralizing base however, the Asp residue was converted to its imide, the presence of which has been demonstrated by means of infrared, 1H-NMR and fast-atom bombardment mass spectra, and by reactivity studies, electrophoresis at several pH values, and enzymic hydrolysis. Only the imide form of the peptide possesses the previously reported biological properties. A study of imide formation from protected and unprotected peptides showed that cyclization occurred during a wide range of acid and base treatments, but 10% triethylamine in CH2Cl2 was most effective, producing over 40% of imide in 90 min. The results of the investigation are compared with others in the literature, including those for the peptide hormone secretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Robson
- Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Fields GB, Noble RL. Solid phase peptide synthesis utilizing 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 35:161-214. [PMID: 2191922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1866] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids were first used for solid phase peptide synthesis a little more than a decade ago. Since that time, Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis methodology has been greatly enhanced by the introduction of a variety of solid supports, linkages, and side chain protecting groups, as well as by increased understanding of solvation conditions. These advances have led to many impressive syntheses, such as those of biologically active and isotopically labeled peptides and small proteins. The great variety of conditions under which Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis may be carried out represents a truly "orthogonal" scheme, and thus offers many unique opportunities for bioorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Fields
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
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Capasso S, Mazzarella L, Sica F, Zagari A. Solid-state conformations of aminosuccinyl peptides: crystal structure of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-aminosuccinyl-L-phenylalaninami de. Biopolymers 1989; 28:139-47. [PMID: 2720100 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360280116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The protected tripeptide tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-aminosuccinyl-L-phenylalaninamide crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a = 6.214(3), b = 12.832(3), c = 33.094(4) A, Z = 4. The structure was solved by direct methods using MULTAN 80 and refined to an R value of 0.055 for 1458 reflections. The bond lengths and angles are in good agreement with the standard values. The peptide backbone adopts a type II' beta-bend conformation with a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond between the CO group of the leucyl residue and the C-terminal NH2 group. In agreement with previous studies, this structure confirms the high propensity of aminosuccinyl peptides to adopt a type II' beta-bend conformation. The role of this conformation in relation to the deamidation process in proteins is also discussed.
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Xaus N, Clapés P, Bardají E, Torres J, Jorba X, Mata J, Valencia G. New enzymatic approach to the synthesis of convenient aspartic acid intermediates in peptide chemistry. Synthesis of n-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aspartic acid β-allyl ester. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Yajima H, Fujii N, Funakoshi S, Watanabe T, Murayama E, Otaka A. New strategy for the chemical synthesis of proteins. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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41
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Aswad DW, Johnson BA, Langmack EL, Shirokawa JM. Modification of isoaspartyl peptides and proteins by protein carboxyl methyltransferase from bovine brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 231:247-59. [PMID: 3414433 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9042-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Aswad
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine 92717
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42
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Capasso S, Sica F, Zagari A. Identification of aminosuccinyl residues in peptides by second-derivative ultraviolet spectrometry. Peptides 1987; 8:791-6. [PMID: 3432127 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(87)90060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A second derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for direct identification of aminosuccinyl peptides is described. The advantages and limits of this procedure have been assessed on the basis of results of five model peptides including the aminosuccinyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Capasso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Napoli, Italy
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43
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Meinwald YC, Stimson ER, Scheraga HA. Deamidation of the asparaginyl-glycyl sequence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1986; 28:79-84. [PMID: 3759344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1986.tb03231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The deamidation of Ac-Asn-Gly-NHMe and Ac-Isn-Gly-NHMe has been studied as a model for the facile deamidation of the Asn-Gly sequence in proteins. At alkaline pH, the product in each case is an identical mixture of Ac-alpha-Asp-Gly-NHMe (approximately 22%) and Ac-beta-Asp-Gly-NHMe (approximately 78%) as determined by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Because this same ratio is obtained from both Ac-Asn-Gly-NHMe and Ac-Isn-Gly-NHMe, the postulated mechanism, that deamidation proceeds through a cyclic imide intermediate, is confirmed. Unlike peptides of aspartyl esters, cyclization does not occur under nonaqueous conditions or at low pH in aqueous solution.
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44
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Murray ED, Clarke S. Synthetic peptide substrates for the erythrocyte protein carboxyl methyltransferase. Detection of a new site of methylation at isomerized L-aspartyl residues. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Shi PT, Riehm JP, Todd PE, Leach SJ. The antigenicity of myoglobin-related peptides synthesised on polyacrylamide and polystyrene resin supports. Mol Immunol 1984; 21:489-96. [PMID: 6749134 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(84)90064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide resins [Atherton et al., Bioorg. Chem. 8, 351-370 (1979)] have been found suitable for solid-phase radioimmunoassay of peptides synthesised on the same supports; they are sufficiently stable during side-chain deprotection and swell sufficiently in aq. media to admit antibody molecules to the sites of peptide attachment. A re-examination of five synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to (15-21), (56-62), (94-99), (113-119) and (145-151) of beef myoglobin analogous to those delineated by Atassi [Immunochemistry 12, 423-438 (1975)] for sperm whale myoglobin shows that they all bind anti-beef myoglobin antibodies raised in rabbits, with binding capacities in the order V = III greater than IV greater than I = II. The resin-bound peptide (72-88) binds such antibodies even more extensively, as do certain sequential variants of peptide V. Other peptides, bound to polyacrylamide or polystyrene resins but unrelated to any of the five sequences and varying in size and amino acid composition and sequence were also tested with various antisera. It was concluded that the antibody binding properties of the 30 or so small peptides (two-seven residues) are dominated by their cationic and/or hydrophobic properties. In small peptides, therefore, antibody binding can be safely interpreted only in terms of general structural properties but not in terms of biological specificity. The latter property becomes assessable only with peptides representing larger areas of antigenic protein surfaces.
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46
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Schwartz GP, Burke GT, Chanley JD, Katsoyannis PG. An insulin analogue possessing higher in vitro biological activity than receptor binding affinity. [21-Proline-B]insulin. Biochemistry 1983; 22:4561-7. [PMID: 6354263 DOI: 10.1021/bi00288a033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of an increase in the potential for beta-turn formation of the B20-B23 segment of the B-chain moiety on the biological behavior of insulin, the [21-proline-B]insulin [( Pro21-B]insulin) was synthesized. The in vitro biological activity and the receptor binding affinity of this analogue were compared with that of insulin. In stimulating labeled glucose incorporation into lipids in rat fat cells, the analogue displayed 33.2% potency relative to insulin; receptor binding affinity for the analogue was 15.9% in rat liver membranes and 17.8% in isolated fat cells. [Pro21-B]insulin is thus the first example of a modified insulin for which the biological activity exceeds the receptor binding potency. The secondary structure of this analogue was investigated by circular dichroism studies. Although no significant differences in the conformation of monomeric insulin and analogue could be discerned, their difference in behavior with respect to dimerization and biological properties indicates that these forms are not equivalent. We suggest that the intrinsic activity of receptor-bound [Pro21-B]insulin is greater than that of insulin, although the receptor displays greater affinity for insulin than for the analogue. We consider a model for the interaction between insulin and its receptor that accommodates our findings.
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Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of theα- andβ-isomers of aspartyl peptides. Chromatographia 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02290558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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A conformational study of the tetrapeptide CH3CO-Ala-Asp-Gly-Lys-NHCH3 corresponding to a ?-bend in staphylococcal nuclease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01025169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Tam JP, Heath WF, Merrifield RB. SN 1 and SN 2 mechanisms for the deprotection of synthetic peptides by hydrogen fluoride. Studies to minimize the tyrosine alkylation side reaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1983; 21:57-65. [PMID: 6826283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1983.tb03078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the side reaction leading to ring alkylation during HF deprotection of tyrosine revealed that under SN 1 conditions the formation of by-product can be reduced by using protecting groups that either provide only weakly electrophilic carbocations or give rise to an intermediate that deactivates the tyrosine ring and allows scavengers to suppress the formation of 3-alkyltyrosine. The effectiveness of the scavenger can be qualitatively predicted by its pKa value. A new reagent (HF: dimethylsulfide, 1:3, v/v) provides an SN2 cleavage mechanism that removes the danger of carbocation formation and suppresses the electrophilic alkylation side reaction.
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50
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Bodanszky M, Bednarek MA, Bodanszky A. Coupling in the absence of tertiary amines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1982; 20:387-95. [PMID: 7174200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1982.tb00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to avoid base catalyzed side reactions during coupling, attempts were made to render superfluous the addition of tertiary amines to the reaction mixture. Weak acids were applied for the removal of acid labile protecting groups. Acetic acid and other carboxylic acids were considered unsuitable for this purpose coupling step. Pentachlorophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol cleaved the Bpoc, Nps and Trt groups but more practical rates were reached with solutions of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) in trifluoroethanol, in acetic acid, or in a mixture of phenol and p-cresol. In addition to acidolysis, HOBt salts of amino components could also be obtained through hydrogenolysis of the Z group or thiolysis of the Nps group in the presence of HOBt, or by the displacement of acetic acid from acetate salts with HOBt. Acylation of HOBt salts of amino components with symmetrical or mixed anhydrides or with active esters did not require the addition of tertiary amine.
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