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Chen Z, Cao Y, Tian Z, Zhou X, Xu W, Yang J, Teng H. An efficient reduction of N -substituted carbonylimidazolides into formamides by NaBH 4. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vinogradov AA, Simon MD, Pentelute BL. C-Terminal Modification of Fully Unprotected Peptide Hydrazides via in Situ Generation of Isocyanates. Org Lett 2016; 18:1222-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark D. Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Verardo G, Gorassini A. Sodium Borohydride Reduction of Carbamoyl Azide Function: A Synthesis of N-Protected N′-Formyl- gem-diaminoalkyl Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Aresu E, Fioravanti S, Gasbarri S, Pellacani L, Ramadori F. Synthesis of gem-diamino acid derivatives by a Hofmann rearrangement. Amino Acids 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Biswas N, Gayen J, Mahata M, Su Y, Mahata SK, O'Connor DT. Novel peptide isomer strategy for stable inhibition of catecholamine release: application to hypertension. Hypertension 2012; 60:1552-9. [PMID: 23129699 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.202127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although hypertension remains the most potent and widespread cardiovascular risk factor, its pharmacological treatment has achieved only limited success. The chromogranin A-derived fragment catestatin inhibits catecholamine release by acting as an endogenous nicotinic cholinergic antagonist and can rescue hypertension in the setting of chromogranin A-targeted ablation. Here, we undertook novel peptide chemistry to synthesize isomers of catestatin: normal/wild-type as well as a retro-inverso (R-I) version, with not only inversion of chirality (L → D amino acids) but also reversal of sequence (carboxyl → amino). The R-I peptide was entirely resistant to proteolytic digestion and displayed enhanced potency as well as preserved specificity of action toward nicotinic cholinergic events: catecholamine secretion, agonist desensitization, secretory protein transcription, and cationic signal transduction. Structural modeling suggested similar side-chain orientations of the wild-type and R-I isomers, whereas circular dichroism spectroscopy documented inversion of chirality. In vivo, the R-I peptide rescued hypertension in 2 mouse models of the human trait: monogenic chromogranin A-targeted ablation, with prolonged efficacy of the R-I version and a polygenic model, with magnified efficacy of the R-I version. These results may have general implications for generation of metabolically stable mimics of biologically active peptides for cardiovascular pathways. The findings also point the way toward a potential new class of drug therapeutics for an important risk trait and, more generally, open the door to broader applications of the R-I strategy in other pathways involved in cardiovascular biology, with the potential for synthesis of diagnostic and therapeutic probes for both physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Biswas
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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van Marsenille M, Gysen C, Tourwé D, van Binst G. Synthesis of a Protected Acetylene Dipeptide Isostere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19860950209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sureshbabu VV, Narendra N. Synthesis of N-Z, N′-Formyl α-Amino Acid Derived Gem-Diamines. Int J Pept Res Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-008-9127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gilmore BF, Lynas JF, Harriott P, Healy A, Walker B. Peptides containing acylated C-terminal gem diamines: novel irreversible inactivators of the cysteine and serine proteinases. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 67:364-9. [PMID: 16784461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the synthesis of peptides containing C-terminal acylated gem-diamines and their utilization for the preparation of irreversible inactivators of the serine and cysteine proteinases. We have succeeded in obtaining an inhibitor Acetyl-Val-Pro-g-Val-CO-O-C(6)H(4)-NO(2) of neutrophil and pancreatic elastases that functions in a time-dependent manner, indicative of the action of an irreversible inactivator, functioning, most probably, through the formation of a long-lived acyl enzyme intermediate. In addition, we have demonstrated the irreversible inhibition of the cysteine proteinase bovine cathepsin B, by chloroacetyl and bromoacetyl derivatives of a dipeptide gem-diamine, Cbz-Phe-g-Ala-CO-CH(2)Hal (Hal = Br, Cl).
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Gilmore
- The School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Torrini I, Nalli M, Paglialunga Paradisi M, Pagani Zecchini G, Lucente G, Spisani S. Pseudopeptides containing the 2-hydrazonoacyl fragment: analogs of the chemotactic agent HCO-Met-Leu-Phe-OMe. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 58:56-66. [PMID: 11454170 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to further examine the properties of pseudopeptides containing the 2-hydrazonoacyl fragment, two new series of analogs of the prototypical chemotactic N-formyl-tripeptide HCO-Met-Leu-Phe-OMe were designed and synthesized. The first group contains the new fragment as the N-terminal residue and is represented by the N-aryl derivatives p-Cl-C6H4-NH-N=C(R)-CO-Leu-Phe-OMe (2 and 3) and by the corresponding N-aroyl analogs p-CH3-C6H4-CO-NH-N=C(R)-CO-Leu-Phe-OMe (4). The second group contains the new fragment in place of the central Leu residue and is represented by compounds HCO-Xaa-NH-N=C(R)-CO-Phe-OMe (7a and 7b) where Xaa is Nle and Met, respectively. The conformational and biochemical properties of the new products were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Torrini
- Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici and Centro di Studio per la Chimica del Farmaco del CNR, Università 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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Alemán C, Perez JJ. SCF-MO study of the polyhydration of N,N'-dimethylmalonamide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1993; 41:606-10. [PMID: 8349417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1993.tb00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hydration on the conformation of the N,3 nylons has been studied using AM1 SCF-MO on the model molecule N,N'-dimethylmalonamide (NNMA). The polyhydration model has been used, so that only the water molecules directly bonded to solute molecule are considered. The study reveals that, although hydration induces dramatic changes in the torsional angles of the molecule, the new conformation still remains in the helical region of the Ramachandran map.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alemán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, U.P.C., Barcelona, Spain
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Ramazeilles C, Juliano L, Chagas JR, Rabinovitch M. The anti-leishmanial activity of dipeptide esters on Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes. Parasitology 1990; 100 Pt 2:201-7. [PMID: 2345655 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L-Amino acid esters, such as L-Leu-OMe, kill Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes by a mechanism which appears to involve ester hydrolysis by cysteine proteinases located in the parasite megasomes. We have examined the killing of isolated amastigotes by L-dipeptide esters and derived some structure-activity correlations. Toxicity of the compounds for the parasites was measured by a tetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay. The results show that active dipeptide esters contained at least 1 hydrophobic amino acid (Leu, Ile, Val, Phe or Trp). The activity of homodipeptide methyl esters depended on the nature of the amino acid, as indicated by the following series: Phe-Phe-OMe greater than Val-Val-OMe greater than Leu-Leu-OMe greater than Trp-Trp-OMe greater than Ile-Ile-OMe. The nature of the amino acids in Leu-X-OMe and X-Leu-OMe was relatively unimportant when X was Phe, Trp or Val. However, when X was Ala or Gly, Leu-X-OMe was several-fold more active than X-Leu-OMe. A similar preference for the more hydrophobic residue in the amino terminal position was also found in esters containing a single phenylalanine or valine. Protection of the amino group by benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) or t-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) substituents markedly enhanced the activity of the esters. An-mPhe-Gly-OEt, a retro-inverso analogue of Bz-Phe-Gly-OEt, was several-fold more active than the parent compound. Selected esters were assayed on infected macrophages and concentrations that induced minimal toxicity to the host cells were estimated. The ED50s for intracellular parasites were 1.5 to 5-fold higher than those for isolated amastigotes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ramazeilles
- Unité d'Immunoparasitologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Charpentier B, Durieux C, Pelaprat D, Dor A, Reibaud M, Blanchard JC, Roques BP. Enzyme-resistant CCK analogs with high affinities for central receptors. Peptides 1988; 9:835-41. [PMID: 3226959 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(88)90130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on the results of the in vitro metabolism of CCK8 by various peptidases, we have synthesized three CCK analogs: Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-Nle-Gly-Trp-(N- Me)Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2 (compound I), Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-gNle-mGly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-Nh2 (compound II), Boc-Tyr(SO3H)-gNle-mGly-Trp-(N-Me)Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2 (compound III). In in vitro enzymatic degradation studies, these compounds showed a high stability toward either enkephalinase or the enzymes present in crude rat brain membranes preparations. Moreover, in binding studies on guinea pig tissues, these CCK-related peptides were characterized by high apparent affinities for brain CCK receptors and by a broader range of affinities for pancreatic CCK receptors. This broad range of affinities was reflected by their pharmacological potencies in the guinea pig pancreatic amylase release and ileum contraction assays. These enzyme-resistant CCK analogs provide therefore valuable tools to investigate the pharmacology of CCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Charpentier
- Département de Chimie Organique, U 266 INSERM, UA 498 CNRS, Paris, France
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Lipkowski AW, Konecka AM, Sroczynska I, Przewlocki R, Stala L, Tam SW. Bivalent opioid peptide analogues with reduced distances between pharmacophores. Life Sci 1987; 40:2283-8. [PMID: 3035308 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of distance between two opioid peptide pharmacophores on in vitro and in vivo activities, three new bivalent opioid analogues have been synthesized in which the dipeptide Tyr-D-Phe was connected with diamine moieties ("bridges"). The analogue with a hydrazine bridge has high receptor affinity to mu, kappa, and delta receptor types, as well as potent and long acting antinociceptive activity after intraperitoneal administration.
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