1
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Pal S, Openy J, Krzyzanowski A, Noisier A, ‘t Hart P. On-Resin Photochemical Decarboxylative Arylation of Peptides. Org Lett 2024; 26:2795-2799. [PMID: 37819674 PMCID: PMC11019635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the application of photochemical decarboxylative arylation as a late-stage functionalization reaction for peptides. The reaction uses redox-active esters of aspartic acid and glutamic acid on the solid phase to provide analogues of aromatic amino acids. By using aryl bromides as arylation reagents, a wide variety of amino acids can be accessed without having to synthesize them individually in solution. The reaction is compatible with proteinogenic amino acids and was used to perform a structure-activity relationship study of a PRMT5 binding peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Pal
- Chemical
Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joseph Openy
- Chemical
Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anaïs Noisier
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and
Metabolism BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter ‘t Hart
- Chemical
Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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2
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So WH, Bao Y, Chen X, Xia J. On-Resin Ugi Reaction for C-Terminally Modified and Head-to-Tail Cyclized Antibacterial Peptides. Org Lett 2021; 23:8277-8281. [PMID: 34623168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a method to synthesize C-terminally modified peptides on resin. A four-component Ugi reaction of isocyanide resin, an Fmoc-protected amino acid, an amine, and a 6-nitroveratrylaldehyde gives C-terminal photocaged peptide amides, which can be photolyzed to generate C-terminal peptide amides. Changing the amine component in the Ugi reaction gives peptides with different C-terminal modifications including substituted anilides, alkyne, and azide. By installing an N-terminal azide and C-terminal alkyne, we synthesized a head-to-tail cyclized antibacterial peptide through copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The cyclized peptide exhibited higher proteolytic stability and antibacterial activity than the linear peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ho So
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yishu Bao
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Li YM, Lu XF. Total chemical synthesis of the phosphorylated p62 UBA domain reveals that Ser 407Pi but not Ser 403Pi enhances ubiquitin binding. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8709-8715. [PMID: 33084718 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01906b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As an autophagic adaptor, p62 specifically targets ubiquitinated proteins to an autophagosome for lysosomal degradation through a critical ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain. Recent research studies reported that the Ser403 and Ser407 sites on the UBA domain were modified by phosphorylation, increasing the binding affinity between p62 and ubiquitin (Ub). However, the exact role of each phosphorylation site in the regulation of the UBA domain and Ub binding remains unclear. In this text, we applied total chemical synthesis to prepare four types of phosphorylated UBAs, among which the bisphosphorylated UBA was successfully synthesized via the pseudo-dipeptide unit and auxiliary-mediated hydrazide-based native chemical ligation (NCL). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays showed that the phosphorylation at S407 enhanced the binding affinity between UBA and Ub, while that at S403 did not. It was suggested that phosphorylation at S407 might be important for promoting the interplay between the UBA domain and Ub, whereas phosphorylation at S403 was not directly involved in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology (High-Tech Branch), the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology (High-Tech Branch), the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Xian-Fu Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology (High-Tech Branch), the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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4
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Behrendt R, White P, Offer J. Advances in Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:4-27. [PMID: 26785684 PMCID: PMC4745034 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today, Fmoc SPPS is the method of choice for peptide synthesis. Very-high-quality Fmoc building blocks are available at low cost because of the economies of scale arising from current multiton production of therapeutic peptides by Fmoc SPPS. Many modified derivatives are commercially available as Fmoc building blocks, making synthetic access to a broad range of peptide derivatives straightforward. The number of synthetic peptides entering clinical trials has grown continuously over the last decade, and recent advances in the Fmoc SPPS technology are a response to the growing demand from medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Improvements are being continually reported for peptide quality, synthesis time and novel synthetic targets. Topical peptide research has contributed to a continuous improvement and expansion of Fmoc SPPS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Behrendt
- Novabiochem, Merck & CieIm Laternenacker 58200SchaffhausenSwitzerland
| | - Peter White
- Novabiochem, Merck Chemicals LtdPadge RoadBeestonNG9 2JRUK
| | - John Offer
- The Francis Crick Institute215 Euston RoadLondonNW1 2BEUK
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5
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Roberts AG, Johnston EV, Shieh JH, Sondey JP, Hendrickson RC, Moore MAS, Danishefsky SJ. Fully Synthetic Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enabled by Isonitrile-Mediated Coupling of Large, Side-Chain-Unprotected Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13167-75. [PMID: 26401918 PMCID: PMC4617663 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an endogenous glycoprotein involved in hematopoiesis. Natively glycosylated and nonglycosylated recombinant forms, lenograstim and filgrastim, respectively, are used clinically to manage neutropenia in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment. Despite their comparable therapeutic potential, the purpose of O-linked glycosylation at Thr133 remains a subject of controversy. In light of this, we have developed a synthetic platform to prepare G-CSF aglycone with the goal of enabling access to native and designed glycoforms with site-selectivity and glycan homogeneity. To address the synthesis of a relatively large, aggregation-prone sequence, we advanced an isonitrile-mediated ligation method. The chemoselective activation and coupling of C-terminal peptidyl Gly thioacids with the N-terminus of an unprotected peptide provide ligated peptides directly in a manner complementary to that with conventional native chemical ligation-desulfurization strategies. Herein, we describe the details and application of this method as it enabled the convergent total synthesis of G-CSF aglycone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Roberts
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jae-Hung Shieh
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Joseph P. Sondey
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ronald C. Hendrickson
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Malcolm A. S. Moore
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bio-Organic Chemistry, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI) for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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6
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Huang YC, Guan CJ, Tan XL, Chen CC, Guo QX, Li YM. Accelerated Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of peptides with aggregation-disrupting backbones. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1500-6. [PMID: 25476596 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe an accelerated solid-phase synthetic protocol for ordinary or difficult peptides involving air-bath heating and amide protection. For the Hmsb-based backbone amide protection, an optimized acyl shift condition using 1,4-dioxane was discovered. The efficiency and robustness of the protocol was validated in the course of preparation of classical difficult peptides and ubiquitin protein segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Huang
- School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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7
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Abdel-Aal ABM, Papageorgiou G, Quibell M, Offer J. Automated synthesis of backbone protected peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8316-9. [PMID: 24938489 PMCID: PMC4161149 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The automated introduction of removable substitution along a peptide backbone prevents chain-association and synthesis failure.
The synthesis of peptides rich in aggregation prone sequences can be improved with backbone protection. We report the automated introduction of backbone protection to a peptide. This new method was applied in a fully-automated synthesis, giving improved handling, quality and yield of several challenging target sequences.
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8
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Lee J, Park IS, Kim H, Woo JS, Choi BS, Min DH. BSA as additive: A simple strategy for practical applications of PNA in bioanalysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 69:167-73. [PMID: 25727032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Application of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) in bioanalysis has been limited due to its nonspecific adsorption onto hydrophobic surface in spite of favorable properties such as higher chemical/biological stability, specificity and binding affinity towards target nucleic acids compared to natural nucleic acid probes. Herein, we employed BSA in PNA application to enhance the stability of PNA in hydrophobic containers and improve the sensing performance of the DNA sensor based on graphene oxide (GO) and PNA. Addition of 0.01% BSA in a PNA solution effectively prevented the adsorption of PNA on hydrophobic surface and increased the portion of the effective PNA strands for target binding without interfering duplex formation with a complementary target sequence. In the GO based biosensor using PNA, BSA interrupted the unfavorable adsorption of PNA/DNA duplex on GO surface, while allowing the adsorption of ssPNA, resulting in improvement of the performance of the DNA sensor system by reducing the detection limit by 90-folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea; Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Soo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea; Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Henna Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Woo
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea; Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea; Lemonex Inc., Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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9
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NARITA MITSUAKI, UMEYAMA HIROSHI, SASAKI CHIE. Weak dependence of octapeptide solubility in organic solvents on the amino acid sequence*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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BLAAKMEER J, TIJSSE-KLASEN T, TESSER GI. Enhancement of solubility by temporary dimethoxybenzyl-substitution of peptide bonds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1991.tb00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Krishnakumar IM, Mathew B. Polyethyleneglycol graft copoly (styrene-1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate) resin for gel-phase peptide synthesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02538360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Arunan C, Rajasekharan Pillai V. Synthesis of Acyl Carrier Protein Fragment 65–74 on a Flexible Cross-linked Polystyrene Support: Comparison with Merrifield Resin. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Development of a novel strategy suitable for the solution synthesis of proteins is described, wherein the entire molecule is assembled from fully protected segments in the size range of about 10 residues. Each segment is designed so as to have a common structure of Boc-peptide-OPac (Pac: phenacyl) and all of the side-chain functional groups are protected by Bzl-based groups. New types of solvent systems are described for dissolving fully protected segments in which the segment condensation reactions in solution can be carried out smoothly. After removal of the Boc or Pac group, the segments are coupled together to obtain the entire sequence using the 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide/3, 4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine method. The side-chain protecting groups are then removed by HF and the liberated peptide is subjected to folding reactions to obtain the native conformation. Applying the strategy, the 123-residue human angiogenin, the 121-residue human midkine, the 136-residue human pleiotrophin, and the 238-residue Aequoria green fluorescent protein were synthesized successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakakibara
- Peptide Institute, Inc., Protein Research Foundation, Minoh-shi, Osaka 565-8686, Japan
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14
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El Mahdi O, Lavergne JP, Martinez J, Viallefont P, Essassi EM, Riche C. Synthesis of New Seven-Membered Ring Cyclic Dipeptides From Functionalized β-Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200001)2000:2<251::aid-ejoc251>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Inui T, Bódi J, Kubo S, Nishio H, Kimura T, Kojima S, Maruta H, Muramatsu T, Sakakibara S. Solution synthesis of human midkine, a novel heparin-binding neurotrophic factor consisting of 121 amino acid residues with five disulphide bonds. J Pept Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.45.o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Ou-uchi SK, Yang JY, Lee JS, Murakawa Y, Narita M. Only Weak Dependence of the Protected Peptides Solubility in Organic Solvents on Their Amino Acid Sequence. Polym J 1996. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.28.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Inui T, Bódi J, Kubo S, Nishio H, Kimura T, Kojima S, Maruta H, Muramatsu T, Sakakibara S. Solution synthesis of human midkine, a novel heparin-binding neurotrophic factor consisting of 121 amino acid residues with five disulphide bonds. J Pept Sci 1996; 2:28-39. [PMID: 9225243 DOI: 10.1002/psc.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human midkine (hMK), a novel heparin-binding neurotrophic factor consisting of 121 amino acid residues with five intramolecular disulphide bonds, was synthesized by solution procedure in order to demonstrate the usefulness of our newly developed solvent system, a mixture of dichloromethane or chloroform and trifluoroethanol. The final protected 121-residue peptide was assembled from two large fully protected intermediates, Boc-(1-59)-OH and H-(60-121)-OBzl, in CHL/TFE(3:1, v/v) using water-soluble carbodiimide in the presence of HOOBt as coupling reagents. After removal of the protecting groups by HF followed by treatment with Hg(OAc)2 in 50% acetic acid, the fully deprotected peptide was subjected to the oxidative folding reaction. The final product was confirmed to have the correct disulphide structure from its tryptic peptide mapping and to possess the same biological activities as those of the natural product. In order to clarify the active region of the hMK molecule, the N-terminal half domains [(1-59) and (60-121)] were also synthesized by the same procedure used for the hMK synthesis. The C-half domain was confirmed to show the full pattern of bioactivities except for the neuronal cell survival activity, while the N-half one showed much less activity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inui
- Peptide Institute Inc., Protein Research Foundation, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Gairí M, Lloyd-Williams P, Albericio F, Giralt E. Convergent solid-phase peptide synthesis. 12. Chromatographic techniques for the purification of protected peptide segments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1995; 46:119-33. [PMID: 8567166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The purification of a range of protected peptide segments has been carried out using modified reversed-phase chromatographic techniques in which DMF was added to the water and acetonitrile mixtures used as eluents. The purity of the recovered peptides was excellent and recoveries were high in all cases, even for longer hydrophobic segments. In several cases purifications were carried out on the hundreds of milligrams scale. For protected peptide segments containing Met, protection as the sulfoxide avoids its unwanted alkylation and oxidation, and the increased overall polarity can be useful in the purification of protected peptides incorporating this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gairí
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Ishikawa K, Fukami T, Mase T, Nagase T, Hayama T, Niiyama K, Ihara M, Saeki T, Ozaki S, Nishikibe M, Mino N, Noguchi K, Fukuroda T, Yano M. Endothelin Receptor Antagonists with Various Subtype-Specificity: Their Discovery and Use as Pharmacological Tools. Eur J Med Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(23)00137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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20
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Kim Y, Rose CA, Liu Y, Ozaki Y, Datta G, Tu AT. FT-IR and near-infrared FT-Raman studies of the secondary structure of insulinotropin in the solid state: alpha-helix to beta-sheet conversion induced by phenol and/or by high shear force. J Pharm Sci 1994; 83:1175-80. [PMID: 7983604 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600830819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulinotropin (glucagon-like peptide I) is a peptide containing 31 amino acid residues. It stimulates the secretion of the hormone insulin. The solubility of this peptide is highly dependent on its environment and the treatment that it has undergone. For instance, synthetic insulinotropin is highly soluble in neutral phosphate-buffered saline (1 mg/mL). However, the application of shear force by stirring renders it extremely insoluble (1 micrograms/mL). This property may be explained in terms of a change in peptide secondary structure with no alteration in primary structure. In order to understand this phenomenon, FT-IR and near-IR FT-Raman were employed to examine four samples prepared under different experimental conditions. It was found that solubility decreases as the alpha-helix is converted to an antiparallel beta-sheet structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Central Research Division, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT 06340
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21
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Steinschneider A. Problematic sequences in the synthesis of G-protein peptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 44:49-57. [PMID: 7960404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peptide synthesis is hampered by amino acid sequence-dependent aminoacylation (coupling) difficulties that are only partially understood. Analysis of coupling efficiencies in Fmoc-based, solid-phase synthesis of G-protein fragments revealed that several problematic regions included a tetrapeptide structural motif consisting of (in the order of synthesis): (1) an aliphatic amino acid residue, (2) Asp, (3) and (4) a polar, H-bonding residue each. The results suggest that interference with aminoacylation involved residue-specific interactions, probably akin to those acting in protein-protein adhesion, that occurred between functional groups at the reaction center and others located elsewhere in the peptide molecule. Difficult couplings did not correlate in any meaningful way with conformationally based predictive parameters in the literature. The present investigation points towards the occurrence of putative adhesion signals in intact G-protein alpha-subunits where their sequences are highly conserved, suggesting biological function.
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22
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Krchnák V, Flegelová Z, Vágner J. Aggregation of resin-bound peptides during solid-phase peptide synthesis. Prediction of difficult sequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1993; 42:450-4. [PMID: 8106196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1993.tb00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonrandom incomplete aminoacylation of a pendent peptide chain on an insoluble polymeric support during solid-phase peptide synthesis is sequence-dependent and is caused by aggregation of peptide chains, manifested by a decreased swelling capacity. The volume of the swollen peptidyl-resin after each coupling during the syntheses of 87 sequence unrelated peptides was measured, and for each amino acid an aggregation parameter, <Pa>, was derived that reflects the propensity of the swollen volume of peptidyl-resin to decrease during peptide synthesis. These aggregation parameters were used to predict potentially difficult sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krchnák
- Research Institute for Feed Supplements and Veterinary Drugs, Jílové, Prague, Czeck Republic
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23
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Lee JS, Murakawa Y, Hanami A, Narita M. The Influence of β-Alanine and 4-Aminobutyric Acid Residues on the Solubility of Peptides Containing Them. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.66.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Narita M, Lee JS, Murakawa Y, Kojima Y. The Classification of Twenty Common Amino Acid Residues in Protected Peptides by Theirβ-Sheet-Structure-Stabilizing Potentials, SPβ, and Its Application to Peptide Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.66.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Narita M, Lee JS, Hayashi S, Hitomi M. The Estimation of theβ-Sheet-Structure Stability of Protected Peptides in Organic Solvents. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.66.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Narita M, Lee JS, Hayashi S, Yamazaki Y, Hitomi M. The Solubility and Conformation of Protected Tri- to Heptapeptides in a Variety of Organic Solvents and the Classification of Organic Solvents Based on Their Solvating Potential for Protected Peptides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.66.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Narita M, Lee JS, Hayashi S, Yamazaki Y, Sugiyama T. The Heteroselective Solvation of Protected Hexapeptides in a Variety of Mixed Solvents and the Criteria for the Choice of Mixed Solvents Effective for Peptide and Protein Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1993. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.66.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
This review deals with ways of stabilizing proteins against aggregation and with methods to determine, predict, and increase solubility. Solvent additives (osmolytes) that stabilize proteins are listed with a description of their effects on proteins and on the solvation properties of water. Special attention is given to areas where solubility limitations pose major problems, as in the preparation of highly concentrated solutions of recombinant proteins for structural determination with NMR and X-ray crystallography, refolding of inclusion body proteins, studies of membrane protein dynamics, and in the formulation of proteins for pharmaceutical use. Structural factors relating to solubility and possibilities for protein engineering are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Schein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, CHN E56, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
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Muthusamy R, Ponnuswamy PK. Variation of amino acid properties in protein secondary structures, alpha-helices and beta-strands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 35:378-95. [PMID: 2376464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A study was made on the physical, chemical, energetic, conformational, geometric, and dynamic property potentials of amino acid residues in protein secondary structures: alpha-helix and beta-strand. Property patterns were obtained by computing the average property values for specified residue units partitioned longitudinally and transversely about the chain. It was found that in alpha-helices with not more than 15 residues, there exist longitudinally opposing portions, one characteristically higher in average property potentials than the other. The helical chain, in general, acquires either an increasing or decreasing average potential in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction. The sequence-wise and surface-wise variations of property potentials in the elements of beta-structure also revealed such general patterns. Possible wrong predictions in statistical methods of one secondary structural class over the other are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muthusamy
- Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India
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31
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Halverson K, Fraser PE, Kirschner DA, Lansbury PT. Molecular determinants of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease: conformational studies of synthetic beta-protein fragments. Biochemistry 1990; 29:2639-44. [PMID: 2346740 DOI: 10.1021/bi00463a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid beta-protein (1-42) is a major constituent of the abnormal extracellular amyloid plaque that characterizes the brains of victims of Alzheimer's disease. Two peptides, with sequences derived from the previously unexplored C-terminal region of the beta-protein, beta 26-33 (H2N-SNKGAIIG-CO2H) and beta 34-42 (H2N-LMVGGVVIA-CO2H), were synthesized and purified, and their solubility and conformational properties were analyzed. Peptide beta 26-33 was found to be freely soluble in water; however, peptide beta 34-42 was virtually insoluble in aqueous media, including 6 M guanidinium thiocyanate. The peptides formed assemblies having distinct fibrillar morphologies and different dimensions as observed by electron microscopy of negatively stained samples. X-ray diffraction revealed that the peptide conformation in the fibrils was cross-beta. A correlation between solubility and beta-structure formation was inferred from FTIR studies: beta 26-33, when dissolved in water, existed as a random coil, whereas the water-insoluble peptide beta 34-42 possessed antiparallel beta-sheet structure in the solid state. Solubilization of beta 34-42 in organic media resulted in the disappearance of beta-structure. These data suggest that the sequence 34-42, by virtue of its ability to form unusually stable beta-structure, is a major contributor to the insolubility of the beta-protein and may nucleate the formation of the fibrils that constitute amyloid plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Halverson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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32
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Fields GB, Noble RL. Solid phase peptide synthesis utilizing 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 35:161-214. [PMID: 2191922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1864] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids were first used for solid phase peptide synthesis a little more than a decade ago. Since that time, Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis methodology has been greatly enhanced by the introduction of a variety of solid supports, linkages, and side chain protecting groups, as well as by increased understanding of solvation conditions. These advances have led to many impressive syntheses, such as those of biologically active and isotopically labeled peptides and small proteins. The great variety of conditions under which Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis may be carried out represents a truly "orthogonal" scheme, and thus offers many unique opportunities for bioorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Fields
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
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33
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Narita M, Takegahara H, Ono S, Sato H. Usefulness of the Peptide Segment Separation Method for Asparagine-Rich Protein Syntheses. Synthesis of Malaria Vaccine Analogs Having the Repeated Unit of L-Asparaginyl-L-Alanyl-L-Asparaginyl-L-Prolyl. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1990. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.63.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Narita M, Kojima Y. The β-Sheet Structure-Stabilizing Potential of Twenty Kinds of Amino Acid Residues in Protected Peptides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Narita M, Umeyama H, Yoshida T. Peptide Segment Separation by Tertiary Peptide Bonds. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Cross-Linked Polystyrene Resin-Bound Human Proinsulin C-Peptide Fragments. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Narita M, Umeyama H, Yoshida T. The Easy Disruption of the β-Sheet Structure of Resin-Bound Human Proinsulin C-Peptide Fragments by Strong Electron-Donor Solvents. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Morii H, Ichimura K. Solubility and Coupling Reactivity of Protected Peptides in Highly Polar Solvents. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Narita M, Kojima Y, Isokawa S. Design of the Synthetic Route for Helical Peptides. Synthesis and Solubility of Model Peptides Having a Helical Structure. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Narita M, Umeyama H, Isokawa S, Honda S, Sasaki C, Kakei H. The Electron Donor–Acceptor Interaction between Mixed Solvents and Its Influence on Their β-Sheet Structure-Disrupting Potential. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Narita M, Isokawa S, Honda S, Umeyama H, Kakei H, Obana S. Individuality of Amino Acid Residues in Protected Peptides. Conformational and β-Sheet Structure-Disrupted Behaviors of Resin-Bound Peptides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Narita M, Honda S, Obana S. The β-Sheet Structure-Disrupting Potential of Electron-Donor and -Acceptor Solvents and Role of Mixed Solvents in Solvation of Peptides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Narita M, Doi M, Nakai T, Takegahara H. Synthesis and solubility properties of peptide fragments of human hemoglobin alpha-chain (123-136). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1988; 32:200-7. [PMID: 3243667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1988.tb00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The solubility prediction method for protected peptides was successfully applied to relatively small peptide fragments of human hemoglobin alpha-chain (123-136) which contained various polar amino acid residues such as Asp(OBzl), Glu(OBzl), Lys(Z), Ser(Bzl), and Thr(Bzl). As reported previously for hydrophobic peptides and human proinsulin C-peptide fragments, solubility data indicated that the insolubility of protected peptides having a mean value of Pc value below 0.90 appeared to begin at the octa- or nonapeptide sequence level and that beta-sheet structure played an important role in the insolubility of peptides. When a peptide has a beta-sheet structure in the solid state, we can clearly determine the critical chain length for peptide insolubility, the solubility dependence on solvent properties, and the solubility independence of amino acid compositions of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narita
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
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43
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Narita M, Honda S, Umeyama H, Ogura T. Infrared Spectroscopic Conformational Analysis of Polystyrene Resin-Bound Human Proinsulin C-Peptide Fragments. β-Sheet Aggregation of Peptide Chains during Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1988. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.61.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Narita M, Honda S, Umeyama H, Obana S. The Solubility of Peptide Intermediates in Organic Solvents. Solubilizing Potential of Hexafluoro-2-propanol. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1988. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.61.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Narita M, Honda S, Umeyama H. The Study on Peptide and Protein Syntheses. Infrared Spectroscopic Conformational Analysis of Oligo-L-leucines Containing Only One D-Amino Acid Residue. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Narita M, Doi M, Nakai T. Infrared Absorption Study of Human Hemoglobin α-Chain (123–136) Fragments in Dichloromethane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Narita M, Doi M, Takegahara H. Infrared Absorption Study of Peptide Fragments of Human Hemoglobin α-Chain (123–136) in the Solid State. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Narita M, Doi M, Kudo K, Terauchi Y. Conformations in the Solid State and Solubility Properties of Protected Homooligopeptides of Glycine and β-Alanine. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1986. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.59.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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Narita M, Isokawa S, Doi M, Wakita R. The Ability of the Proline Residue to Promote Successive-Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds in Oligopeptides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1986. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.59.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Narita M, Ogura T, Sato K, Honda S. Infrared Absorption Study of Human Proinsulin C-Peptide Fragments in Dichloromethane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1986. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.59.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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