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Samson Ezeh O, Hayami N, Mitai K, Kodama W, Iuchi S, Y. Yamamoto Y. Requirement of two simultaneous environmental signals for activation of Arabidopsis ELIP2 promoter in response to high light, cold, and UV-B stresses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2389496. [PMID: 39132719 PMCID: PMC11321413 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2389496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis EARLY LIGH-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 2 (ELIP2) is a chlorophyll- and carotenoid-binding protein and is involved in photoprotection under stress conditions. Because its expression is induced through high light, cold, or UV-B stressors, its mechanism of induction has been studied. It is known that a functional unit found in the promoter, which is composed of Element B and Element A, is required and sufficient for full activation by these stressors. In this study, the role of each element in the unit was analyzed by introducing weak mutations in each element as synthetic promoters in addition to intensive repeat constructs of each single element. The results suggest that a stressor like cold stress generates two parallel signals in plant cells, and they merge at the promoter region for the activation of ELIP2 expression, which constitutes an "AND" gate and has a potential to realize strong response with high specificity by an environmental trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natsuki Hayami
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kana Mitai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Wasei Kodama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Y. Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- RIKEN CSRS, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Rawat S, Jugran AK, Sharma H. Recent advancements in the physiological, genetic, and genomic research on Rhododendrons for trait improvement. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:164. [PMID: 38808301 PMCID: PMC11128433 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
High species diversity, hybridization potential, broad geographical dispersal range and ornamental characteristics (i.e., attractive size, shape, structure, flowers, and evergreen) have fetched a good international market for Rhododendron. However, most species are restricted to specific geographic areas due to their habitat specificity in acidic soil and cold climates, resulting many species being classified under threat categories of the IUCN. In this review, advances in research on Rhododendron for improvement to floral display quality and stress resistance have been described. The low genetic barrier among species has created opportunities for extensive hybridization and ploidy alteration for introducing quality and adaptive traits during the development of new varieties. Recent technological advances have supported investigations into the mechanism of flower development, as well as cold tolerance and pathogen resistance mechanisms in the Rhododendron. However, most of the species have limited adaptability to drought, line-tolerance, pathogen resistance, and high-temperature conditions and this resistance ability present in few species largely remains unexplored. Additionally, the available genetic diversity and genomic information on species, and possibilities for their application in molecular breeding have been summarized. Overall, genomic resource data are scarce in the majority of the members of this genus. Finally, various research gaps such as genetic mapping of quality traits, understanding the molecular mechanism of quality-related traits and genomic assortment in Rhododendron members have been discussed in the future perspective section. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04006-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok, Sikkim 737101 India
| | - Arun K. Jugran
- Garhwal Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Srinagar, Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
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3
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Xiao C, He L, Qiu W, Wang Z, He X, Xiao Y, Sun Z, Tong Z, Jiang Y. Guijing2501 ( Citrus unshiu) Has Stronger Cold Tolerance Due to Higher Photoprotective Capacity as Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis and Overexpression of Early Light-Induced Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15956. [PMID: 37958939 PMCID: PMC10647585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold is one of the major limiting factors for citrus production, particularly extreme cold waves. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop cold-tolerant varieties and clarify their cold tolerance mechanisms in citrus breeding. In this study, comparative transcriptomic and physiological analyses were performed to dissect the cold tolerance mechanism of Guijing2501 (GJ2501), a new satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) variety with about 1 °C lower LT50 (the median lethal temperature) relative to Guijing (GJ). The physiological analysis results revealed that GJ2501 is more cold-tolerant with less photoinhibition, PSII photodamage, and MDA accumulation, but higher POD activity than GJ under cold stress. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 4200 DEGs between GJ and GJ2501, as well as 4884 and 5580 up-regulated DEGs, and 5288 and 5862 down-regulated DEGs in response to cold stress in GJ and GJ2501, respectively. "Photosynthesis, light harvesting" and "photosystem" were the specific and most significantly enriched GO terms in GJ2501 in response to cold stress. Two CuELIP1 genes (encoding early light-induced proteins) related to the elimination of PSII photodamage and photoinhibition were remarkably up-regulated (by about 1000-fold) by cold stress in GJ2501 as indicated by RT-qPCR verification. Overexpression of CuELIP1 from GJ2501 in transgenic Arabidopsis protected PSII against photoinhibition under cold stress. Taken together, the cold tolerance of GJ2501 may be ascribed to its higher photoprotective capacity under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhu Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.X.); (L.H.); (W.Q.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.X.); (L.H.); (W.Q.); (Z.W.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
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4
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Arora R, Wisniewski M, Tuong T, Livingston D. Infrared thermography of in situ natural freezing and mechanism of winter-thermonasty in Rhododendron maximum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13876. [PMID: 36808742 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen leaves of Rhododendron species inhabiting temperate/montane climates are typically exposed to both high radiation and freezing temperatures during winter when photosynthetic biochemistry is severely inhibited. Cold-induced "thermonasty," that is, lamina rolling and petiole curling, can reduce the amount of leaf area exposed to solar radiation and has been associated with photoprotection in overwintering rhododendrons. The present study was conducted on natural, mature plantings of a cold-hardy and large-leaved thermonastic North American species (Rhododendron maximum) during winter freezes. Infrared thermography was used to determine initial sites of ice formation, patterns of ice propagation, and dynamics of the freezing process in leaves to understand the temporal and mechanistic relationship between freezing and thermonasty. Results indicated that ice formation in whole plants is initiated in the stem, predominantly in the upper portions, and propagates in both directions from the original site. Ice formation in leaves initially occurred in the vascular tissue of the midrib and then propagated into other portions of the vascular system/venation. Ice was never observed to initiate or propagate into palisade, spongy mesophyll, or epidermal tissues. These observations, together with the leaf- and petiole-histology, and a simulation of the rolling effect of dehydrated leaves using a cellulose-based, paper-bilayer system, suggest that thermonasty occurs due to anisotropic contraction of cell wall cellulose fibers of adaxial versus abaxial surface as the cells lose water to ice present in vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Tan Tuong
- Plant Science Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Livingston
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Liu B, Zhao F, Zhou H, Xia Y, Wang X. Photoprotection conferring plant tolerance to freezing stress through rescuing photosystem in evergreen Rhododendron. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2093-2108. [PMID: 35357711 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light stress is one of the important stresses for winter survival in evergreens, especially for plants with broad leaves, like evergreen rhododendrons. Photoprotection has been shown to upregulate dramatically in rhododendrons during winter, but whether it directly contributes to enhancing the freezing tolerance is still unknown. In this study, we found that the expression and circadian rhythm of an early light-induced protein (ELIP)-RhELIP3-which exerts photoprotection in Rhododendron 'Elsie Lee', could be impacted by both photoperiod and low temperature, with low temperature being the predominant inducer. Arabidopsis overexpressing RhELIP3 displayed significantly stronger freezing tolerance and better photosystem II function after a 3-day recovery from freezing treatment. Moreover, RhHY5 binds with the RhELIP3 promoter to activate its expression. Arabidopsis overexpressing RhHY5 exhibited stronger freezing tolerance and better photosystem II function. AtELIP1 and AtELIP2 were significantly induced in RhHY5-overexpressed Arabidopsis at low temperatures. We also discovered that RhBBX24 binds directly to RhELIP3 promoter and suppresses its expression. RhBBX24 can also interact with RhHY5 and inhibit the interaction of RhHY5-RhELIP3. RhELIP3, RhHY5, and RhBBX24 exhibited similar circadian rhythms under low temperature with short period. Overall, our investigation highlights that photoprotection is involved in improving the freezing tolerance of evergreen rhododendrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fangmeng Zhao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Xing G, Li M, Li S. Integrating physiology, genetics, and transcriptome to decipher a new thermo-sensitive and light-sensitive virescent leaf gene mutant in cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:972620. [PMID: 36051299 PMCID: PMC9424728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.972620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the material basis of photosynthesis, and temperature and light severely affect chloroplast development and thus influence photosynthetic efficiency. This study identified a spontaneous virescent leaf mutant, SC311Y, whose cotyledons and true leaves were yellow and gradually turned green. However, temperature and light affected the process of turning green. In addition, this mutant (except at the seedling stage) had ruffled leaves with white stripes, sterile males, and poorly fertile female flowers. Genetic characteristics analysis revealed that the recessive gene controlled the virescent leaf. Two F2 populations mapped v-3 to the interval of 33.54-35.66 Mb on chromosome 3. In this interval, BSA-Seq, RNA-Seq, and cDNA sequence analyses revealed only one nonsynonymous mutation in the Csa3G042730 gene, which encoded the RNA exosome supercomplex subunit resurrection1 (RST1). Csa3G042730 was predicted to be the candidate gene controlling the virescent leaf, and the candidate gene may regulate chloroplast development by regulating plastid division2 (PDV2). A transcriptome analysis showed that different factors caused the reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the mutants. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of map-based cloning related to virescent leaf, male-sterile, and chloroplast RNA regulation in cucumber. The results could accelerate the study of the RNA exosome supercomplex for the dynamic regulation of chloroplast RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jinyao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Meilan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Meilan Li,
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
- Sen Li,
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Arora R, Krebs SL, Wisniewski ME. The relationship of cold acclimation and extracellular ice formation to winter thermonasty in two Rhododendron species and their F 1 hybrid. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1946-1956. [PMID: 34687044 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Thermonastic leaf movements in evergreen Rhododendron species have been used to study plant strategies for winter photoprotection. To add to the current fundamental understanding of this behavior, we addressed the following questions: (1) Is the cold-acclimated (CA) state necessary for thermonasty, and do cold-induced leaf movements also occur in non-acclimated (NA) plants? (2) Which of the two movements, leaf rolling versus curling, is more responsive to freezing, if any, in a non-thermonastic species? (3) What is the temporal relationship between extracellular freezing and thermonasty? (4) What genetic inferences can be drawn from leaf movement in an F1 hybrid relative to its parents? METHODS A temperature-controlled, gradual cooling regime was used to quantify freeze-induced leaf movements. Infrared thermography was used to confirm extracellular ice-formation in leaves. RESULTS Both NA and CA plants of thermonastic species exhibited thermonasty, but leaf rolling/curling increased significantly in CA plants. In the cold-acclimated condition, a non-thermonastic species showed almost no rolling during freezing, while the thermonastic species and F1 hybrid did, the latter exhibiting a response intermediate to the parents. Freezing-induced leaf curling in the non-thermonastic species and the F1 hybrid was equivalent and significantly less than the degree of curling in the thermonastic species. CONCLUSIONS Milder thermonasty in NA than CA leaves could be associated with differential anisotropy in the rolling forces and/or response of aquaporins to freezing. Leaf movements in the hybrid suggest that leaf rolling and curling are additive and dominant genetic traits, respectively. Infrared thermography confirms that ice formation in tissues precedes cold-induced thermonasty in R. catawbiense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Gfeller A, Glauser G, Etter C, Signarbieux C, Wirth J. Fagopyrum esculentum Alters Its Root Exudation after Amaranthus retroflexus Recognition and Suppresses Weed Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:50. [PMID: 29445385 PMCID: PMC5797785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Weed control by crops through growth suppressive root exudates is a promising alternative to herbicides. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is known for its weed suppression and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) control is probably partly due to allelopathic root exudates. This work studies whether other weeds are also suppressed by buckwheat and if the presence of weeds is necessary to induce growth repression. Buckwheat and different weeds were co-cultivated in soil, separating roots by a mesh allowing to study effects due to diffusion. Buckwheat suppressed growth of pigweed, goosefoot and barnyard grass by 53, 42, and 77% respectively without physical root interactions, probably through allelopathic compounds. Root exudates were obtained from sand cultures of buckwheat (BK), pigweed (P), and a buckwheat/pigweed mixed culture (BK-P). BK-P root exudates inhibited pigweed root growth by 49%. Characterization of root exudates by UHPLC-HRMS and principal component analysis revealed that BK and BK-P had a different metabolic profile suggesting that buckwheat changes its root exudation in the presence of pigweed indicating heterospecific recognition. Among the 15 different markers, which were more abundant in BK-P, tryptophan was identified and four others were tentatively identified. Our findings might contribute to the selection of crops with weed suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Gfeller
- Herbology in Field Crops and Viticulture, Plant Production Systems, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Clément Etter
- Herbology in Field Crops and Viticulture, Plant Production Systems, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Constant Signarbieux
- Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judith Wirth
- Herbology in Field Crops and Viticulture, Plant Production Systems, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
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Die JV, Arora R, Rowland LJ. Proteome dynamics of cold-acclimating Rhododendron species contrasting in their freezing tolerance and thermonasty behavior. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177389. [PMID: 28542212 PMCID: PMC5441609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of cold acclimation in rhododendron and in woody perennials in general, we used the 2D-DIGE technique to analyze the rhododendron proteome during the seasonal development of freezing tolerance. We selected two species varying in their cold acclimation ability as well as their thermonasty response (folding of leaves in response to low temperature). Proteins were extracted from leaves of non-acclimated (NA) and cold acclimated (CA) plants of the hardier thermonastic species, R. catawbiense (Cata.), and from leaves of cold acclimated plants of the less hardy, non-thermonastic R. ponticum (Pont.). All three protein samples (Cata.NA, Cata.CA, and Pont.CA) were labeled with different CyDyes and separated together on a single gel. Triplicate gels were run and protein profiles were compared resulting in the identification of 72 protein spots that consistently had different abundances in at least one pair-wise comparison. From the 72 differential spots, we chose 56 spots to excise and characterize further by mass spectrometry (MS). Changes in the proteome associated with the seasonal development of cold acclimation were identified from the Cata.CA-Cata.NA comparisons. Differentially abundant proteins associated with the acquisition of superior freezing tolerance and with the thermonastic response were identified from the Cata.CA-Pont.CA comparisons. Our results indicate that cold acclimation in rhododendron involves increases in abundance of several proteins related to stress (freezing/desiccation tolerance), energy and carbohydrate metabolism, regulation/signaling, secondary metabolism (possibly involving cell wall remodeling), and permeability of the cell membrane. Cold acclimation also involves decreases in abundance of several proteins involved in photosynthesis. Differences in freezing tolerance between genotypes can probably be attributed to observed differences in levels of proteins involved in these functions. Also differences in freezing tolerance may be attributed to higher levels of some constitutive protective proteins in Cata. than in Pont. that may be required to overcome freeze damage, such as glutathione peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, and a plastid-lipid-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Die
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lisa J. Rowland
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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Ahrazem O, Argandoña J, Castillo R, Rubio-Moraga Á, Gómez-Gómez L. Identification and Cloning of Differentially Expressed SOUL and ELIP Genes in Saffron Stigmas Using a Subtractive Hybridization Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168736. [PMID: 28030614 PMCID: PMC5193429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a subtractive hybridization approach, differentially expressed genes involved in the light response in saffron stigmas were identified. Twenty-two differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments were cloned and sequenced. Two of them were highly induced by light and had sequence similarity to early inducible proteins (ELIP) and SOUL heme-binding proteins. Using these sequences, we searched for other family members expressed in saffron stigma. ELIP and SOUL are represented by small gene families in saffron, with four and five members, respectively. The expression of these genes was analyzed during the development of the stigma and in light and dark conditions. ELIP transcripts were detected in all the developmental stages showing much higher expression levels in the developed stigmas of saffron and all were up-regulated by light but at different levels. By contrast, only one SOUL gene was up-regulated by light and was highly expressed in the stigma at anthesis. Both the ELIP and SOUL genes induced by light in saffron stigmas might be associated with the structural changes affecting the chromoplast of the stigma, as a result of light exposure, which promotes the development and increases the number of plastoglobules, specialized in the recruitment of specific proteins, which enables them to act in metabolite synthesis and disposal under changing environmental conditions and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Argandoña
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- * E-mail:
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11
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Morales M, Pintó-Marijuan M, Munné-Bosch S. Seasonal, Sex- and Plant Size-Related Effects on Photoinhibition and Photoprotection in the Dioecious Mediterranean Dwarf Palm, Chamaerops humilis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1116. [PMID: 27516764 PMCID: PMC4963400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean-type ecosystems plants are exposed to several adverse environmental conditions throughout the year, ranging from drought stress during the warm and dry summers to chilling stress due to the typical drop in temperatures during winters. Here we evaluated the ecophysiological response, in terms of photoinhibition and photoprotection, of the dioecious Mediterranean palm, Chamaerops humilis to seasonal variations in environmental conditions. Furthermore, we considered as well the influence of plant size, maturity, and sexual dimorphism. Results showed evidence of winter photoinhibition, with a marked decrease of the F v /F m ratio below 0.7 between January and March, which was coincident with the lowest temperatures. During this period, the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle and zeaxanthin levels increased, which might serve as a photoprotection mechanism, owing the full recovery from winter photoinhibition during spring. Furthermore, mature plants showed lower chlorophyll levels and higher β-carotene levels per unit of chlorophyll than juvenile plants, and females displayed lower leaf water contents and higher photoinhibition than males during summer, probably due to increased reproductive effort of females. However, neither low temperatures during winter nor reproductive events in females during the summer led to irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. We conclude that (i) the Mediterranean dwarf palm, C. humilis, suffers from photoinhibition during winter, but this is transient and does not lead to irreversible damage, and (ii) females from this plant species are more sensitive than males to photoinhibition during reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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12
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Adams WW, Stewart JJ, Cohu CM, Muller O, Demmig-Adams B. Habitat Temperature and Precipitation of Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotypes Determine the Response of Foliar Vasculature, Photosynthesis, and Transpiration to Growth Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1026. [PMID: 27504111 PMCID: PMC4959142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acclimatory adjustments of foliar vascular architecture, photosynthetic capacity, and transpiration rate in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Italian, Polish [Col-0], Swedish) were characterized in the context of habitat of origin. Temperatures of the habitat of origin decreased linearly with increasing habitat latitude, but habitat precipitation was greatest in Italy, lowest in Poland, and intermediate in Sweden. Plants of the three ecotypes raised under three different growth temperature regimes (low, moderate, and high) exhibited highest photosynthetic capacities, greatest leaf thickness, highest chlorophyll a/b ratio and levels of β-carotene, and greatest levels of wall ingrowths in phloem transfer cells, and, in the Col-0 and Swedish ecotypes, of phloem per minor vein in plants grown at the low temperature. In contrast, vein density and minor vein tracheary to sieve element ratio increased with increasing growth temperature - most strongly in Col-0 and least strongly in the Italian ecotype - and transpirational water loss correlated with vein density and number of tracheary elements per minor vein. Plotting of these vascular features as functions of climatic conditions in the habitat of origin suggested that temperatures during the evolutionary history of the ecotypes determined acclimatory responses of the foliar phloem and photosynthesis to temperature in this winter annual that upregulates photosynthesis in response to lower temperature, whereas the precipitation experienced during the evolutionary history of the ecotypes determined adjustment of foliar vein density, xylem, and transpiration to temperature. In particular, whereas photosynthetic capacity, leaf thickness, and foliar minor vein phloem features increased linearly with increasing latitude and decreasing temperature of the habitats of origin in response to experimental growth at low temperature, transpiration rate, foliar vein density, and minor vein tracheary element numbers and cross-sectional areas increased linearly with decreasing precipitation level in the habitats of origin in response to experimental growth at high temperature. This represents a situation where temperature acclimation of the apparent capacity for water flux through the xylem and transpiration rate in a winter annual responded differently from that of photosynthetic capacity, in contrast to previous reports of strong relationships between hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulder, CO, USA
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Yang QS, Gao J, He WD, Dou TX, Ding LJ, Wu JH, Li CY, Peng XX, Zhang S, Yi GJ. Comparative transcriptomics analysis reveals difference of key gene expression between banana and plantain in response to cold stress. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:446. [PMID: 26059100 PMCID: PMC4461995 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) comprise an important part of diets for millions of people around the globe. Low temperature is one of the key environmental stresses which greatly affects the global banana production. To understand the molecular mechanism of the cold-tolerance in plantain we used RNA-Seq based comparative transcriptomics analyses for both cold-sensitive banana and cold-tolerant plantain subjected to the cold stress for 0, 3 and 6 h. RESULTS The cold-response genes at early stage are identified and grouped in both species by GO analysis. The results show that 10 and 68 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified for 3 and 6 h of cold stress respectively in plantain, while 40 and 238 DEGs are identified respectively in banana. GO classification analyses show that the majority of DEGs identified in both banana and plantain belong to 11 categories including regulation of transcription, response to stress signal transduction, etc. A similar profile for 28 DEGs was found in both banana and plantain for 6 h of cold stress, suggesting both share some common adaptation processes in response to cold stress. There are 17 DEGs found uniquely in cold-tolerance plantain, which were involved in signal transduction, abiotic stress, copper ion equilibrium, photosynthesis and photorespiration, sugar stimulation, protein modifications etc. Twelve early responsive genes including ICE1 and MYBS3 were selected and further assessed and confirmed by qPCR in the extended time course experiments (0, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h), which revealed significant expression difference of key genes in response to cold stress, especially ICE1 and MYBS3 between cold-sensitive banana and cold-tolerant plantain. CONCLUSIONS We found that the cold-tolerance pathway appears selectively activated by regulation of ICE1 and MYBS3 expression in plantain under different stages of cold stress. We conclude that the rapid activation and selective induction of ICE1 and MYBS3 cold tolerance pathways in plantain, along with expression of other cold-specific genes, may be one of the main reasons that plantain has higher cold resistance than banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Song Yang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Wei-Di He
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tong-Xin Dou
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Li-Jie Ding
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jun-Hua Wu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xin-Xiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-2703, USA.
| | - Gan-Jun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 80 Dafeng 2nd street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China. .,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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