1
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Gayford JH, Flores-Flores EM. No evidence for population-level benefits of polyandry in sharks and rays. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308141. [PMID: 39231154 PMCID: PMC11373851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mating system variation refers to the spectrum between genetic monogamy and polyandry, and has important consequences for sexual conflict, sexual selection and individual fitness in animals. Theoretically this variation could also have substantial population-level effects, influencing population viability and extinction risk. Evidence for these effects is mixed, in part due to the fact that substantial environmental change is thought to be required for them to have visible demographic consequences. In this study we test for the presence of relationships between polyandry and population status in Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays). Elasmobranchii is a large vertebrate clade that exhibits substantial interspecific variation in both genetic mating system and population status, as well as being subject to intense anthropogenically-mediated environmental change. We also predict past macroevolutionary shifts in genetic mating system through elasmobranch phylogeny. Our results show that both genetic monogamy and polyandry have evolved multiple times independently within Elasmobranchii, and we suggest that both of these extremes represent alternative adaptive strategies that are favoured under discrete ecological and biological conditions. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of population-level consequences of mating system variation in elasmobranchs. These results are significant as they suggest that mating system variation in this clade is unlikely to be a major determinant of extinction vulnerability. Ultimately additional work will be required, however this study improves our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics underlying mating system variation in elasmobranchs, and the potential for resultant population-level consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Gayford
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Shark Measurements, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Gigot M, Tremblay R, Bonnel J, Mathias D, Meziane T, Chauvaud L, Olivier F. Noise pollution causes parental stress on marine invertebrates, the Giant scallop example. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116454. [PMID: 38735172 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In marine invertebrates, abiotic stresses on adults can act directly on gametes quality, which impacts phenotype and development success of the offspring. Human activities introduce noise pollution in the marine environment but still few studies on invertebrates have considered the impacts on adult or larval stages separately, and to our knowledge, never investigated the cross-generational effects of anthropogenic noise. This article explores parental effects of pile driving noise associated with the building phase of offshore wind turbines on a coastal invertebrate, Pecten maximus (L.). Adults were exposed to increasing levels of sound during gametogenesis, then their offspring were also exposed. The results highlight that anthropogenic noise experienced by the parents reduces their reproductive investment and modify larval response in similar conditions. Also, larvae from exposed adults grew 6-fold faster and metamorphosed 5-fold faster, which could be an amplified adaptive strategy to reduce the pelagic phase in a stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gigot
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 2Z9, Canada.
| | - Julien Bonnel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - Delphine Mathias
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 115 Rue Claude Chappe, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Tarik Meziane
- Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067 MNHN, CNRS SU, IRD 207, UA, 61 Rue Buffon CP 53, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Frédéric Olivier
- Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067 MNHN, CNRS SU, IRD 207, UA, 61 Rue Buffon CP 53, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
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3
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Marshall DJ, Connallon T. Carry-over effects and fitness trade-offs in marine life histories: The costs of complexity for adaptation. Evol Appl 2023; 16:474-485. [PMID: 36793690 PMCID: PMC9923492 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most marine organisms have complex life histories, where the individual stages of a life cycle are often morphologically and ecologically distinct. Nevertheless, life-history stages share a single genome and are linked phenotypically (by "carry-over effects"). These commonalities across the life history couple the evolutionary dynamics of different stages and provide an arena for evolutionary constraints. The degree to which genetic and phenotypic links among stages hamper adaptation in any one stage remains unclear and yet adaptation is essential if marine organisms will adapt to future climates. Here, we use an extension of Fisher's geometric model to explore how both carry-over effects and genetic links among life-history stages affect the emergence of pleiotropic trade-offs between fitness components of different stages. We subsequently explore the evolutionary trajectories of adaptation of each stage to its optimum using a simple model of stage-specific viability selection with nonoverlapping generations. We show that fitness trade-offs between stages are likely to be common and that such trade-offs naturally emerge through either divergent selection or mutation. We also find that evolutionary conflicts among stages should escalate during adaptation, but carry-over effects can ameliorate this conflict. Carry-over effects also tip the evolutionary balance in favor of better survival in earlier life-history stages at the expense of poorer survival in later stages. This effect arises in our discrete-generation framework and is, therefore, unrelated to age-related declines in the efficacy of selection that arise in models with overlapping generations. Our results imply a vast scope for conflicting selection between life-history stages, with pervasive evolutionary constraints emerging from initially modest selection differences between stages. Organisms with complex life histories should also be more constrained in their capacity to adapt to global change than those with simple life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J. Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, and Centre for Geometric BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological Sciences, and Centre for Geometric BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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4
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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5
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Matich P, Plumlee JD, Fisher M. Grow fast, die young: Does compensatory growth reduce survival of juvenile blacktip sharks ( Carcharhinus limbatus) in the western Gulf of Mexico? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16280-16295. [PMID: 34824827 PMCID: PMC8601900 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective conservation and management necessitate an understanding of the ecological mechanisms that shape species life histories in order to predict how variability in natural and anthropogenic impacts will alter growth rates, recruitment, and survival. Among these mechanisms, the interaction between parturition timing and prey availability frequently influences offspring success, particularly when postnatal care is absent. Here, we assess how parturition timing and nursery conditions, including prey abundance and environmental conditions, influence the growth and potential survival of blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) in western Gulf of Mexico (GOM) estuaries over their first year. Catch data from long-term gillnet monitoring allowed for clear delineation of cohorts based on size frequency distribution plots, and showed that late parturition cohorts born in estuaries with fewer prey resources exhibited more rapid growth than early parturition cohorts that experienced more abundant prey. Compensatory behaviors that promoted accelerated growth led to reduced second year residency, likely due to reduced survival resultant from greater risk taking and potentially due to reduced site fidelity attributed to larger body size. Water temperatures influenced blacktip growth rates through physiological increases in metabolism and potential premigratory foraging cues associated with cooling temperatures. Gradual warming of the GOM (0.03°C year-1) was also correlated with earlier parturition across the study period (1982-2017), similar to other migratory species. Considering current trends in climate and associated phenological shifts in many animals, testing hypotheses assessing compensatory growth-risk trade-offs is important moving forward to predict changes in life histories and associated recruitment in concert with current and future conservation actions, like wildlife management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Matich
- Marine Biology DepartmentTexas A & M University at GalvestonGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Jeffrey D. Plumlee
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillMorehead CityNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mark Fisher
- Rockport Marine Science LaboratoryCoastal Fisheries DivisionTexas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentRockportTexasUSA
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6
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Dhellemmes F, Smukall MJ, Guttridge TL, Krause J, Hussey NE. Predator abundance drives the association between exploratory personality and foraging habitat risk in a wild marine meso‐predator. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félicie Dhellemmes
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer‐Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South Bimini Bahamas
| | - Matthew J. Smukall
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South Bimini Bahamas
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA
| | - Tristan L. Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South Bimini Bahamas
- Saving the blue Cooper City FL USA
| | - Jens Krause
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer‐Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
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7
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Pérez-Rojas JG, Mejía-Falla PA, Navia AF, Tarazona AM, Pardo-Carrasco SC. Hematology and blood biochemistry profile of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae as a tool for population assessment in artificial environments. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e233780. [PMID: 33787714 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.233780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological and blood biochemical reference information is important to establish physiological status of freshwater stingray populations and improve care and management protocols in artificial environments. Here, we used a commercial freshwater stingray with high mortality rates in the market (Potamotrygon magdalenae), as an example to understand how artificial environments and handling protocols influence physiological status of captive freshwater stingrays. To this purpose, blood from five adult males and six adult females was collected to perform complete blood counts and blood chemistry analyses. All sampled animals showed good body condition with no differences between sexes. Differences between sexes were only found for the differential count of lymphocytes. Red blood results were consistent with previously studied potamotrygonids while white blood results showed higher values of leukocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils and lymphocytes in P. magdalenae compared to other Potamotrygonids. All types of leukocytes described for elasmobranchs were found except neutrophils and basophils. Blood metabolites showed an influence of ex situ diet in total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Glucose results were consistent while urea showed lower levels than those recorded for other freshwater stingrays. These results highlight the importance of physical, physiological and health analysis in freshwater stingrays as a part of welfare assessment to improve monitoring protocols and survival rates in public or private aquaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Pérez-Rojas
- Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas - SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P A Mejía-Falla
- Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas - SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia.,Wildlife Conservation Society - WCS Colombia, Cali, Colombia
| | - A F Navia
- Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas - SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia
| | - A M Tarazona
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Medellín, Colombia
| | - S C Pardo-Carrasco
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Producción Animal, Medellín, Colombia
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8
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Roberts BH, Morrongiello JR, Morgan DL, King AJ, Saunders TM, Crook DA. Faster juvenile growth promotes earlier sex change in a protandrous hermaphrodite (barramundi Lates calcarifer). Sci Rep 2021; 11:2276. [PMID: 33500452 PMCID: PMC7838401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between growth and sexual maturation is central to understanding the dynamics of animal populations which exhibit indeterminate growth. In sequential hermaphrodites, which undergo post-maturation sex change, the size and age at which sex change occurs directly affects reproductive output and hence population productivity. However, these traits are often labile, and may be strongly influenced by heterogenous growth and mortality rates. We analysed otolith microstructure of a protandrous (i.e., male-to-female) fish (barramundi Lates calcarifer) to examine growth in relation to individual variation in the timing of sex change. Growth trajectories of individuals with contrasting life histories were examined to elucidate the direction and extent to which growth rate influences the size and age individuals change sex. Then, the relationships between growth rate, maturation schedules and asymptotic maximum size were explored to identify potential trade-offs between age at female maturity and growth potential. Rapid growth was strongly associated with decreased age at sex change, but this was not accompanied by a decrease in size at sex change. Individuals that were caught as large females grew faster than those caught as males, suggesting that fast-growing individuals ultimately obtain higher fitness and therefore make a disproportionate contribution to population fecundity. These results indicate that individual-level variation in maturation schedules is not reflective of trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Rather, we suggest that conditions experienced during the juvenile phase are likely to be a key determinant of post-maturation fitness. These findings highlight the vulnerability of sex-changing species to future environmental change and harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brien H Roberts
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - John R Morrongiello
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Morgan
- Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Alison J King
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Albury-Wodonga, VIC, Australia
| | - Thor M Saunders
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Fisheries Research, Berrimah, NT, Australia
| | - David A Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Albury-Wodonga, VIC, Australia
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9
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Tavares R. Survival Estimates of Juvenile Lemon Sharks Based on Tag-recapture Data at Los Roques Archipelago, Southern Caribbean. CARIBB J SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v50i1.a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tavares
- Centro para la Investigación de Tiburones (CIT), Caracas, Venezuela
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10
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Dhellemmes F, Finger JS, Smukall MJ, Gruber SH, Guttridge TL, Laskowski KL, Krause J. Personality-driven life history trade-offs differ in two subpopulations of free-ranging predators. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:260-272. [PMID: 32720305 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Consistent individual differences in behaviour (i.e. personality) can be explained in an evolutionary context if they are favoured by life history trade-offs as conceptualized in the pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis. Theory predicts that faster-growing individuals suffer higher mortality and that this trade-off is mediated through exploration/risk-taking personality, but empirical support for this remains limited and ambiguous. Equivocal support to the POLS hypothesis suggests that the link between life history and personality may only emerge under certain circumstances. Understanding personality-driven trade-offs would be facilitated by long-term studies in wild populations experiencing different ecological conditions. Here, we tested whether personality measured in semi-captivity was associated with a growth-mortality trade-off via risk-taking in the wild in two subpopulations of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris known to differ in their predator abundance. We expected stronger personality-driven trade-offs in the predator-rich environment as compared to the predator-poor environment. Sharks were captured yearly from 1995 onwards allowing us to obtain long-term data on growth and apparent survival in each subpopulation. We then used a novel open-field assay to test sharks for exploration personality yearly from 2012 to 2017. A subset of the tested sharks was monitored in the field using telemetry to document risk-taking behaviours. We tested (a) if fast explorers in captivity took more risks and grew faster in the wild and (b) if natural selection acted against more explorative, faster-growing sharks. In the subpopulation with fewer predators, more explorative sharks in captivity took more risks in the wild and grew faster. In turn, larger, fast-growing sharks had lower apparent survival. In the predator-rich subpopulation, despite finding selection on fast growth, we found no link between exploration personality and the growth-mortality trade-off. Our study demonstrates that the association between personality and life history is favoured in some ecological contexts but not in others. We identify predator and resource abundance as two main potential drivers of the personality-mediated trade-off and emphasize that future work on the POLS hypothesis would benefit from an approach integrating behaviour and life history across ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicie Dhellemmes
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | | | - Matthew J Smukall
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas.,College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Samuel H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Tristan L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas.,Saving the Blue, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kate L Laskowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jens Krause
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Murphy KM, Radder RS, Shine R, Warner DA. Lizard Embryos Prioritize Posthatching Energy Reserves over Increased Hatchling Body Size during Development. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:339-346. [PMID: 32692615 DOI: 10.1086/710053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development in oviparous organisms is fueled by maternally allocated yolk, and many organisms hatch before that energy store is used completely; the resultant leftover (residual) yolk is internalized and may support early posthatching life. However, embryos that use most, or all, of their yolk supply before hatching should hatch at a larger size than those that do not exhaust those energy reserves, which could also have benefits for posthatching growth and survival. To examine the trade-off between residual yolk and offspring size, we experimentally reduced yolk quantity at oviposition in lizard eggs (Amphibolurus muricatus) and then quantified offspring size and the amount of internalized residual yolk. This design enabled us to determine whether embryos (1) exhaust yolk supply during development (thereby maximizing neonatal size) or (2) reduce neonatal size by retaining yolk reserves at hatching. Our data support the latter scenario. Eggs from the yolk-reduced treatment produced smaller offspring with a proportion of residual yolk similar to that of offspring from unmanipulated eggs, suggesting that the fitness benefits of posthatching energy stores outweigh those of larger neonatal size.
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12
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Bouyoucos IA, Morrison PR, Weideli OC, Jacquesson E, Planes S, Simpfendorfer CA, Brauner CJ, Rummer JL. Thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance are associated in blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) neonates. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/14/jeb221937. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.221937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Thermal dependence of growth and metabolism can influence thermal preference and tolerance in marine ectotherms, including threatened and data-deficient species. Here, we quantified the thermal dependence of physiological performance in neonates of a tropical shark species (blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus) from shallow, nearshore habitats. We measured minimum and maximum oxygen uptake rates (ṀO2), calculated aerobic scope, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and recovery from exercise, and measured critical thermal maxima (CTmax), thermal safety margins, hypoxia tolerance, specific growth rates, body condition and food conversion efficiencies at two ecologically relevant acclimation temperatures (28 and 31°C). Owing to high post-exercise mortality, a third acclimation temperature (33°C) was not investigated further. Acclimation temperature did not affect ṀO2 or growth, but CTmax and hypoxia tolerance were greatest at 31°C and positively associated. We also quantified in vitro temperature (25, 30 and 35°C) and pH effects on haemoglobin–oxygen (Hb–O2) affinity of wild-caught, non-acclimated sharks. As expected, Hb–O2 affinity decreased with increasing temperatures, but pH effects observed at 30°C were absent at 25 and 35°C. Finally, we logged body temperatures of free-ranging sharks and determined that C. melanopterus neonates avoided 31°C in situ. We conclude that C. melanopterus neonates demonstrate minimal thermal dependence of whole-organism physiological performance across a seasonal temperature range and may use behaviour to avoid unfavourable environmental temperatures. The association between thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance suggests a common mechanism warranting further investigation. Future research should explore the consequences of ocean warming, especially in nearshore, tropical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Bouyoucos
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Phillip R. Morrison
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ornella C. Weideli
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Eva Jacquesson
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence ‘CORAIL’, EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD, CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Colin J. Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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13
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Same species, different prerequisites: investigating body condition and foraging success in young reef sharks between an atoll and an island system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13447. [PMID: 31530846 PMCID: PMC6748967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring and storing energy is vital to sharks of all age-classes. Viviparous shark embryos receive endogenous maternal energy reserves to sustain the first weeks after birth. Then, in order to maintain body condition, sharks must start foraging. Our goal was to understand whether maternal energy investments vary between blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) from two populations and to what extent body condition and the initiation of foraging might be affected by presumably variable maternal investments. A total of 546 young sharks were captured at St. Joseph atoll (Seychelles) and Moorea (French Polynesia) between 2014 and 2018, and indices of body condition and percentage of stomachs containing prey were measured. Maternal investment was found to be site-specific, with significantly larger, heavier, and better conditioned individuals in Moorea. Despite these advantages, as time progressed, Moorea sharks exhibited significant decreases in body condition and were slower to initiate foraging. We suggest that the young sharks' foraging success is independent of the quality of maternal energy resources, and that other factors, such as prey availability, prey quality, and/or anthropogenic stressors are likely responsible for the observed differences across sites. Insights into intraspecific variations in early life-stages may further support site-specific management strategies for young sharks from nearshore habitats.
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14
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Smukall MJ, Kessel ST, Franks BR, Feldheim KA, Guttridge TL, Gruber SH. No apparent negative tagging effects after 13 years at liberty for lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris implanted with acoustic transmitter. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:173-177. [PMID: 30393865 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An intact and uncompromised internal acoustic transmitter was non-lethally recovered from a lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris, after 13 years at liberty. The shark, first tagged at an estimated age of 2 years old near South Bimini, Bahamas in 2004, was recaptured in 2017 with a total length of 264 cm. The tagged shark displayed typical growth rate, pregnancy, natal homing and pupping behaviour of other individuals in this population. This observation provides important evidence regarding the effects from long-term retention of implanted acoustic transmitters in a carcharhinid shark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Smukall
- Department of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Steven T Kessel
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, Bahamas
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan R Franks
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, Bahamas
- Department of Biology and Marine Science, Marine Science Research Institute, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, Bahamas
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Samuel H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, Bahamas
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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15
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Harrison JF. Approaches for testing hypotheses for the hypometric scaling of aerobic metabolic rate in animals. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R879-R894. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00165.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypometric scaling of aerobic metabolism [larger organisms have lower mass-specific metabolic rates (MR/g)] is nearly universal for interspecific comparisons among animals, yet we lack an agreed upon explanation for this pattern. If physiological constraints on the function of larger animals occur and limit MR/g, these should be observable as direct constraints on animals of extant species and/or as evolved responses to compensate for the proposed constraint. There is evidence for direct constraints and compensatory responses to O2 supply constraint in skin-breathing animals, but not in vertebrates with gas-exchange organs. The duration of food retention in the gut is longer for larger birds and mammals, consistent with a direct constraint on nutrient uptake across the gut wall, but there is little evidence for evolving compensatory responses to gut transport constraints in larger animals. Larger placental mammals (but not marsupials or birds) show evidence of greater challenges with heat dissipation, but there is little evidence for compensatory adaptations to enhance heat loss in larger endotherms, suggesting that metabolic rate (MR) more generally balances heat loss for thermoregulation in endotherms. Size-dependent patterns in many molecular, physiological, and morphological properties are consistent with size-dependent natural selection, such as stronger selection for neurolocomotor performance and growth rate in smaller animals and stronger selection for safety and longevity in larger animals. Hypometric scaling of MR very likely arises from different mechanisms in different taxa and conditions, consistent with the diversity of scaling slopes for MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon F. Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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16
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Desmond H. Natural selection, plasticity, and the rationale for largest-scale trends. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 68-69:25-33. [PMID: 29650327 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many have argued that there is no reason why natural selection should cause directional increases in measures such as body size or complexity across evolutionary history as a whole. In this paper I argue that this conclusion does not hold for selection for adaptations to environmental variability, and that, given the inevitability of environmental variability, trends in adaptations to variability are an expected feature of evolution by natural selection. As a concrete instance of this causal structure, I outline how this may be applied to a trend in phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Desmond
- Center for Logic and Philosophy of Science, Higher Institute of Philosophy, KU Leuven, Vesaliusstraat 2/3220, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Finger JS, Guttridge TL, Wilson ADM, Gruber SH, Krause J. Are some sharks more social than others? Short- and long-term consistencies in the social behavior of juvenile lemon sharks. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Auer SK, Anderson GJ, McKelvey S, Bassar RD, McLennan D, Armstrong JD, Nislow KH, Downie HK, McKelvey L, Morgan TAJ, Salin K, Orrell DL, Gauthey A, Reid TC, Metcalfe NB. Nutrients from salmon parents alter selection pressures on their offspring. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:287-295. [PMID: 29243313 PMCID: PMC5814727 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Organisms can modify their surrounding environment, but whether these changes are large enough to feed back and alter their evolutionary trajectories is not well understood, particularly in wild populations. Here we show that nutrient pulses from decomposing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parents alter selection pressures on their offspring with important consequences for their phenotypic and genetic diversity. We found a strong survival advantage to larger eggs and faster juvenile metabolic rates in streams lacking carcasses but not in streams containing this parental nutrient input. Differences in selection intensities led to significant phenotypic divergence in these two traits among stream types. Stronger selection in streams with low parental nutrient input also decreased the number of surviving families compared to streams with high parental nutrient levels. Observed effects of parent-derived nutrients on selection pressures provide experimental evidence for key components of eco-evolutionary feedbacks in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Ronald D Bassar
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Darryl McLennan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John D Armstrong
- Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Marine Scotland-Science, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - Keith H Nislow
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Helen K Downie
- Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Marine Scotland-Science, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - Lynn McKelvey
- Cromarty Firth Fishery Trust, Inverness, IV2 3HF, UK
| | - Thomas A J Morgan
- Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Marine Scotland-Science, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Danielle L Orrell
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alice Gauthey
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Thomas C Reid
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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19
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Kacev D, Sippel TJ, Kinney MJ, Pardo SA, Mull CG. An Introduction to Modelling Abundance and Life History Parameters in Shark Populations. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2017; 78:45-87. [PMID: 29056143 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs play critically important ecological roles throughout the world's oceans, yet in many cases, their slow life histories and interactions with fisheries makes them particularly susceptible to exploitation. Management for these species requires robust scientific input, and mathematical models are the backbone of science-based management. In this chapter, we provide an introductory overview of the use of mathematical models to estimate shark abundance. First, we discuss life history models that are used to understand the basic biology of elasmobranchs. Second, we cover population dynamics models, which are used to make inferences regarding population trend, size, and risk of extinction. Finally, we provide examples of applied models used to assess the status of elasmobranchs in the Northeast Pacific Ocean to guide management for these species. This chapter is not a comprehensive review of quantitative methods, but rather introduces various mathematical tools in fisheries management, with a focus on shark management in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovi Kacev
- Ocean Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA, United States.
| | | | | | - Sebastián A Pardo
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher G Mull
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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20
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Muller D, Giron D, Desouhant E, Rey B, Casas J, Lefrique N, Visser B. Maternal age affects offspring nutrient dynamics. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 101:123-131. [PMID: 28735010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The internal physiological state of a mother can have major effects on her fitness and that of her offspring. We show that maternal effects in the parasitic wasp Eupelmus vuilleti become apparent when old mothers provision their eggs with less protein, sugar and lipid. Feeding from a host after hatching allows the offspring of old mothers to overcome initial shortages in sugars and lipids, but adult offspring of old mothers still emerged with lower protein and glycogen quantities. Reduced egg provisioning by old mothers had adverse consequences for the nutrient composition of adult female offspring, despite larval feeding from a high-quality host. Lower resource availability in adult offspring of old mothers can affect behavioural decisions, life histories and performance. Maternal effects on egg nutrient provisioning may thus affect nutrient availability and fitness of future generations in oviparous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Muller
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69000 Lyon, UMR CNRS 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69000 Lyon, UMR CNRS 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Lefrique
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Bertanne Visser
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France.
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21
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Dani KGS, Kodandaramaiah U. Plant and Animal Reproductive Strategies: Lessons from Offspring Size and Number Tradeoffs. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Hussey NE, DiBattista JD, Moore JW, Ward EJ, Fisk AT, Kessel S, Guttridge TL, Feldheim KA, Franks BR, Gruber SH, Weideli OC, Chapman DD. Risky business for a juvenile marine predator? Testing the influence of foraging strategies on size and growth rate under natural conditions. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0166. [PMID: 28381626 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms driving selection of body size and growth rate in wild marine vertebrates are poorly understood, thus limiting knowledge of their fitness costs at ecological, physiological and genetic scales. Here, we indirectly tested whether selection for size-related traits of juvenile sharks that inhabit a nursery hosting two dichotomous habitats, protected mangroves (low predation risk) and exposed seagrass beds (high predation risk), is influenced by their foraging behaviour. Juvenile sharks displayed a continuum of foraging strategies between mangrove and seagrass areas, with some individuals preferentially feeding in one habitat over another. Foraging habitat was correlated with growth rate, whereby slower growing, smaller individuals fed predominantly in sheltered mangroves, whereas larger, faster growing animals fed over exposed seagrass. Concomitantly, tracked juveniles undertook variable movement behaviours across both the low and high predation risk habitat. These data provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis that directional selection favouring smaller size and slower growth rate, both heritable traits in this shark population, may be driven by variability in foraging behaviour and predation risk. Such evolutionary pathways may be critical to adaptation within predator-driven marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel E Hussey
- University of Windsor - Biological Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Joseph D DiBattista
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, PO Box U1987, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Eric J Ward
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Steven Kessel
- University of Windsor - Biological Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Tristan L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Bryan R Franks
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Samuel H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Ornella C Weideli
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Universite de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
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23
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Talwar B, Bouyoucos IA, Shipley O, Rummer JL, Mandelman JW, Brooks EJ, Grubbs RD. Validation of a portable, waterproof blood pH analyser for elasmobranchs. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox012. [PMID: 28616238 PMCID: PMC5463720 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying changes in blood chemistry in elasmobranchs can provide insights into the physiological insults caused by anthropogenic stress, and can ultimately inform conservation and management strategies. Current methods for analysing elasmobranch blood chemistry in the field are often costly and logistically challenging. We compared blood pH values measured using a portable, waterproof pH meter (Hanna Instruments HI 99161) with blood pH values measured by an i-STAT system (CG4+ cartridges), which was previously validated for teleost and elasmobranch fishes, to gauge the accuracy of the pH meter in determining whole blood pH for the Cuban dogfish (Squalus cubensis) and lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris). There was a significant linear relationship between values derived via the pH meter and the i-STAT for both species across a wide range of pH values and temperatures (Cuban dogfish: 6.8-7.1 pH 24-30°C; lemon sharks: 7.0-7.45 pH 25-31°C). The relative error in the pH meter's measurements was ~±2.7%. Using this device with appropriate correction factors and consideration of calibration temperatures can result in both a rapid and accurate assessment of whole blood pH, at least for the two elasmobranch species examined here. Additional species should be examined in the future across a wide range of temperatures to determine whether correction factors are universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Talwar
- Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Florida State University, St. Teresa, FL 32358, USA
| | - Ian A. Bouyoucos
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Oliver Shipley
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - John W. Mandelman
- John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Edward J. Brooks
- Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Rock Sound, The Bahamas
| | - R. Dean Grubbs
- Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Florida State University, St. Teresa, FL 32358, USA
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24
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Severtsova EA, Kormilitsin AA, Severtsov AS. The influence of anthropogenic factors on reproduction of Rana temporaria and Rana arvalis. BIOL BULL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359016070165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Finger J, Dhellemmes F, Guttridge T, Kurvers R, Gruber S, Krause J. Rate of movement of juvenile lemon sharks in a novel open field, are we measuring activity or reaction to novelty? Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Kessel ST, Hansell AC, Gruber SH, Guttridge TL, Hussey NE, Perkins RG. Three decades of longlining in Bimini, Bahamas, reveals long-term trends in lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris (Carcharhinidae) catch per unit effort. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:2144-2156. [PMID: 27245624 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Bimini, Bahamas, the consistent employment of longlines, beginning in 1982, provided a rare opportunity to explore population trends for large resident sharks. This study assessed three shallow water longline survey periods at this location; 1982-1989, 1992-2002 and 2003-2014, with the aim of determining trends in annual catch per unit effort (CPUE) for an IUCN listed near-threatened species, the lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris. A general additive model (GAM) was used to analyse the non-linear annual CPUE values over the entire 32-year research period. The GAM displayed high variability of annual CPUE, with a peak value of 0·026 N. brevirostris per hook day (hooks day(-1) ) in 2000. The temporal pattern of CPUE indicated an abundance trend with a complete cycle, from trough to trough, occurring over a period of approximately 18 years. The 1982-1989 survey period saw the highest proportion of mature individuals (19·8%) and the smallest average pre-caudal length (LPC ; 124·8 cm). The 1992-2002 survey period had the highest average annual CPUE (0·018 hooks day(-1) ), while the 2003-2014 research period saw largest average LPC size (134·8 cm) and the lowest average CPUE values (0·009 hooks day(-1) ) of the entire research period. The long-term trend identified in this study provides a baseline for future assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Kessel
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - A C Hansell
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, Fairhaven, MA, U.S.A
| | - S H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - T L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - N E Hussey
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - R G Perkins
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
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27
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Di Santo V. Intraspecific variation in physiological performance of a benthic elasmobranch challenged by ocean acidification and warming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1725-33. [PMID: 27026716 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.139204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the combined effects of increasing temperature and ocean acidification on performance of fishes is central to our understanding of how species will respond to global climate change. Measuring the metabolic costs associated with intense and short activities, such as those required to escape predators, is key to quantifying changes in performance and estimating the potential effects of environmental stressors on survival. In this study, juvenile little skate Leucoraja erinacea from two neighboring locations (Gulf of Maine, or northern location, and Georges Bank, or southern location) were developmentally acclimatized and reared at current and projected temperatures (15, 18 or 20°C) and acidification conditions (pH 8.1 or 7.7), and their escape performance was tested by employing a chasing protocol. The results from this study suggest countergradient variation in growth between skates from the two locations, while the optimum for escape performance was at a lower temperature in individuals from the northern latitudes, which could be related to adaptation to the local thermal environment. Aerobic performance and scope declined in skates from the northern latitudes under simulated ocean warming and acidification conditions. Overall, the southern skates showed lower sensitivity to these climatic stressors. This study demonstrates that even mobile organisms from neighboring locations can exhibit substantial differences in energetic costs of exercise and that skates from the northern part of the geographic range may be more sensitive to the directional increase in temperature and acidification expected by the end of the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Santo
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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28
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Masson L, Brownscombe JW, Fox MG. Fine scale spatio-temporal life history shifts in an invasive species at its expansion front. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-1047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Portnoy DS, Puritz JB, Hollenbeck CM, Gelsleichter J, Chapman D, Gold JR. Selection and sex-biased dispersal in a coastal shark: the influence of philopatry on adaptive variation. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5877-85. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Portnoy
- Department of Life Sciences; Marine Genomics Laboratory; Harte Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi TX 78412 USA
| | - J. B. Puritz
- Department of Life Sciences; Marine Genomics Laboratory; Harte Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi TX 78412 USA
| | - C. M. Hollenbeck
- Department of Life Sciences; Marine Genomics Laboratory; Harte Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi TX 78412 USA
| | - J. Gelsleichter
- University of North Florida; 1 UNF Drive Jacksonville FL 32224 USA
| | - D. Chapman
- Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11776 USA
| | - J. R. Gold
- Department of Life Sciences; Marine Genomics Laboratory; Harte Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi TX 78412 USA
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30
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Blanckenhorn WU. Investigating yellow dung fly body size evolution in the field: Response to climate change? Evolution 2015; 69:2227-34. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf U. Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
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31
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Gotanda KM, Correa C, Turcotte MM, Rolshausen G, Hendry AP. Linking macrotrends and microrates: Re-evaluating microevolutionary support for Cope's rule. Evolution 2015; 69:1345-54. [PMID: 25809687 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cope's rule, wherein a lineage increases in body size through time, was originally motivated by macroevolutionary patterns observed in the fossil record. More recently, some authors have argued that evidence exists for generally positive selection on individual body size in contemporary populations, providing a microevolutionary mechanism for Cope's rule. If larger body size confers individual fitness advantages as the selection estimates suggest, thereby explaining Cope's rule, then body size should increase over microevolutionary time scales. We test this corollary by assembling a large database of studies reporting changes in phenotypic body size through time in contemporary populations, as well as studies reporting average breeding values for body size through time. Trends in body size were quite variable with an absence of any general trend, and many populations trended toward smaller body sizes. Although selection estimates can be interpreted to support Cope's rule, our results suggest that actual rates of phenotypic change for body size cannot. We discuss potential reasons for this discrepancy and its implications for the understanding of Cope's rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada.
| | - Cristián Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia
| | - Martin M Turcotte
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
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Sun Z, Hamel JF, Parrish CC, Mercier A. Complex offspring size effects: variations across life stages and between species. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1117-29. [PMID: 25798228 PMCID: PMC4364825 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical optimality models of offspring size and number assume a monotonically increasing relationship between offspring size and performance. In aquatic organisms with complex life cycles, the size-performance function is particularly hard to grasp because measures of performance are varied and their relationships with size may not be consistent throughout early ontogeny. Here, we examine size effects in premetamorphic (larval) and postmetamorphic (juvenile) stages of brooding marine animals and show that they vary contextually in strength and direction during ontogeny and among species. Larger offspring of the sea anemone Urticina felina generally outperformed small siblings at the larval stage (i.e., greater settlement and survival rates under suboptimal conditions). However, results differed when analyses were conducted at the intrabrood versus across-brood levels, suggesting that the relationship between larval size and performance is mediated by parentage. At the juvenile stage (15 months), small offspring were less susceptible than large ones to predation by subadult nudibranchs and both sizes performed similarly when facing adult nudibranchs. In a sympatric species with a different life history (Aulactinia stella), all juveniles suffered similar predation rates by subadult nudibranchs, but smaller juveniles performed better (lower mortalities) when facing adult nudibranchs. Size differences in premetamorphic performance of U. felina were linked to total lipid contents of larvae, whereas size-specific predation of juvenile stages followed the general predictions of the optimal foraging strategy. These findings emphasize the challenge in gathering empirical support for a positive monotonic size-performance function in taxa that exhibit complex life cycles, which are dominant in the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Sun
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Hamel
- Society for the Exploration and Valuing of the Environment (SEVE) 21 Phils Hill Road, Portugal Cove-St. Philips, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1M 2B7, Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Annie Mercier
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
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33
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Hussey NE, Cosandey-Godin A, Walter RP, Hedges KJ, VanGerwen-Toyne M, Barkley AN, Kessel ST, Fisk AT. Juvenile Greenland sharks Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the Canadian Arctic. Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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34
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Cox RM, Calsbeek R. Survival of the fattest? Indices of body condition do not predict viability in the brown anole (
A
nolis sagrei
). Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Cox
- Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
| | - Ryan Calsbeek
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Kestrel O. Perez
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Stephan B. Munch
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
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36
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Shafer ABA, Nielsen SE, Northrup JM, Stenhouse GB. Linking genotype, ecotype, and phenotype in an intensively managed large carnivore. Evol Appl 2013; 7:301-12. [PMID: 24567749 PMCID: PMC3927890 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous factors influence fitness of free-ranging animals, yet often these are uncharacterized. We integrated GPS habitat use data and genetic profiling to determine their influence on fitness proxies (mass, length, and body condition) in a threatened population of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in Alberta, Canada. We detected distinct genetic and habitat use (ecotype) clusters, with individual cluster assignments, or genotype/ecotype, being correlated (Pearson r = 0.34, P < 0.01). Related individuals showed evidence of similar habitat use patterns, irrespective of geographic distance and sex. Fitness proxies were influenced by sex, age, and habitat use, and homozygosity had a positive effect on these proxies that could be indicative of outbreeding depression. We further documented over 300 translocations occurring in the province since the 1970s, often to areas with significantly different habitat. We argue this could be unintentionally causing the pattern of outbreeding, although the heterozygosity correlation may instead be explained by the energetic costs associated with larger body size. The observed patterns, together with the unprecedented human-mediated migrations, make understanding the link between genotype, ecotype, and phenotype and mechanisms behind the negative heterozygosity-fitness correlations critical for management and conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B A Shafer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Universitet Uppsala, Sweden ; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Scott E Nielsen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph M Northrup
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gordon B Stenhouse
- Fish and Wildlife Division, Foothills Research Institute and Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Hinton, AB, Canada
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37
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Pérez-Mendoza HA, Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Zurita-Gutiérrez YH, Fornoni J, Solano-Zavaleta I, Hernández-Rosas AL, Molina-Moctezuma A. Demographic Importance of the Life-Cycle Components inSceloporus grammicus. HERPETOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00038r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Wang Z, Lu HL, Ma L, Ji X. Viviparity in high-altitude Phrynocephalus lizards is adaptive because embryos cannot fully develop without maternal thermoregulation. Oecologia 2013; 174:639-49. [PMID: 24169942 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viviparous Phrynocephalus lizards (Agamidae) are mainly restricted to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. In this study, we used Phrynocephalus vlangalii females kept under seven thermal regimes for the whole gestation period to test the hypothesis that viviparity in high-altitude Phrynocephalus lizards is adaptive because embryos cannot fully develop without maternal thermoregulation. All females at 24 °C and 93% of the females at 28 °C failed to give birth or produced stillborns, and proportionally fewer females gave birth at 29 or 35 °C than at 32 °C. Though the daily temperatures encountered were unsuitable for embryonic development, 95% of the females in nature and 89% of the females thermoregulating in the laboratory gave birth. There was no shift in the thermal preferences of females when they were pregnant. Although thermal conditions inside natural burrows were unsuitable for embryonic development, mass and sprint speed were both greater in neonates produced in nature. Our data show that (1) long-term exposure of P. vlangalii embryos to temperatures outside the range of 29-35 °C may result in the failure of development, but daily or short-term exposure may not necessarily increase embryonic mortality; (2) low gestation temperatures slow but do not arrest embryonic development, and females produce high-quality offspring in the shortest possible time by maintaining gestation temperatures close to the upper thermal limit for embryonic development; and (3) viviparity is currently adaptive at high elevations because embryos in nature cannot fully develop without relying on maternal thermoregulation. Our data validate the hypothesis tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
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39
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Mourier J, Mills SC, Planes S. Population structure, spatial distribution and life-history traits of blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:979-993. [PMID: 23464555 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During a survey of the population of blacktip reef shark Carcharhinus melanopterus in Moorea (French Polynesia) between 2007 and 2011, population structural characteristics were estimated from 268 individuals. Total length (LT ) ranged from 48 to 139 cm and 48 to 157 cm for males and females, respectively, demonstrating that the average LT of females was larger than that of males. The C. melanopterus population at Moorea showed an apparent spatial sexual segregation with females preferentially frequenting lagoons and males the fore-reefs. Mean growth rate was c. 6 cm year(-1) . Males reached sexual maturity at 111 cm LT . This study reports on the population characteristics of this widespread carcharhinid shark species and makes comparisons with other locations, confirming high geographic variability in the population structure of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mourier
- Laboratoire d'Excellence 'CORAIL', USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CBETM de l'Université de Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France.
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40
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Matsumura S, Arlinghaus R, Dieckmann U. Standardizing Selection Strengths to Study Selection in the Wild: A Critical Comparison and Suggestions for the Future. Bioscience 2012. [DOI: 10.1525/bio.2012.62.12.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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41
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Marshall DJ, Monro K. INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION ALTERS NONLINEAR SELECTION ON OFFSPRING SIZE IN THE FIELD. Evolution 2012; 67:328-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Lee WS, Monaghan P, Metcalfe NB. The pattern of early growth trajectories affects adult breeding performance. Ecology 2012; 93:902-12. [PMID: 22690640 DOI: 10.1890/11-0890.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early environmental conditions can influence the pattern of growth and development. While poor conditions generally cause slower growth, normal adult size can still be reached if growth accelerates or is prolonged once conditions improve, but such catch-up growth may have deleterious effects later in life. Here we investigate for the first time how decelerating as well as accelerating growth trajectories, manipulated independently of food supply, affect subsequent breeding performance. In order to alter growth rates we subjected juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus to a short period of altered environmental temperature (high, intermediate, or low), after which all fish had the same (intermediate) temperature regime. In addition, the perceived time stress (until the onset of the spawning season) was manipulated by conducting the experiment twice (in the winter and in the spring immediately prior to breeding) and by exposing half of the fish in each experiment to a delayed photoperiod (two months behind ambient). We found that fish showed full growth compensation, such that in all treatments they were of the same average size by the start of the breeding season. However, those compensating for low temperatures earlier in life (i.e., who then showed an accelerated growth trajectory) had reduced reproductive investment over the following two breeding seasons (males, reduced sexual ornaments and speed of building nests; females, reduced first clutch size, mean egg size, and eggs produced per year). Moreover, these deleterious effects were strongest when the perceived time available for growth compensation prior to breeding was shortest. In contrast, those fish with a decelerating growth trajectory as a result of exposure to high temperatures early in life showed an improved breeding performance compared to steadily growing controls. These results clearly demonstrate that both the shape of the growth trajectory (independent of food supply) and the time available for growth compensation have broad-reaching and prolonged effects on breeding performance, with ecological conditions that prompt catch-up growth just prior to the breeding season being especially damaging for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Who-Seung Lee
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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43
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Laiolo P, Obeso JR. Multilevel selection and neighbourhood effects from individual to metapopulation in a wild passerine. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38526. [PMID: 22745665 PMCID: PMC3380010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilevel selection has rarely been studied in the ecological context of animal populations, in which neighbourhood effects range from competition among territorial neighbours to source-sink effects among local populations. By studying a Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti metapopulation, we analyze neighbourhood effects mediated by song repertoires on fitness components at the individual level (life-span) and population level (growth rate). As a sexual/aggressive signal with strong effects on fitness, birdsong creates an opportunity for group selection via neighbour interactions, but may also have population-wide effects by conveying information on habitat suitability to dispersing individuals. Within populations, we found a disruptive pattern of selection at the individual level and an opposite, stabilizing pattern at the group level. Males singing the most complex songs had the longest life-span, but individuals with the poorest repertoires lived longer than 'average' males, a finding that likely reflects two male strategies with respect to fitness and sexual trait expression. Individuals from groups with intermediate repertoires had the longest life-span, likely benefitting from conspecific signalling to attract females up to the detrimental spread of competitive interactions in groups with superior vocal skills. Within the metapopulation selection was directional but again followed opposite patterns at the two levels: Populations had the highest growth rate when inhabiting local patches with complex repertoires surrounded by patches with simple repertoires. Here the song may impact metapopulation dynamics by guiding prospecting individuals towards populations advertising habitat quality. Two fitness components linked to viability were therefore influenced by the properties of the group, and birdsong was the target of selection, contributing to linking social/sexual processes at the local scale with regional population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Laiolo
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (CSIC, UO, PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain.
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44
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DiGirolamo AL, Gruber SH, Pomory C, Bennett WA. Diel temperature patterns of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris, in a shallow-water nursery. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:1436-48. [PMID: 22497392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The relatively complex pattern of temperature selection exhibited by juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris in the North Sound differed markedly from many previously described responses of fish preferenda. Thermal data demonstrated that juvenile N. brevirostris did not attempt to behaviourally maintain a constant eccritic temperature. Rather, juveniles selected progressively warmer temperatures throughout the day until reaching the highest temperatures available, and then moved to cooler temperatures during late evening and early morning hours. It is possible that by exploiting habitat thermal heterogeneity juvenile N. brevirostris prolong activities such as feeding or digestion well into the cooler parts of the evening. The complex pattern of temperature occupation by juvenile N. brevirostris within the thermally heterogeneous North Sound nursery is probably linked to key daily activities such as prey capture, predator avoidance and digestive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L DiGirolamo
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Jacksonville Field Laboratory, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marine Research Institute, Jacksonville University, 2800 University Boulevard North, Jacksonville, FL 32211, USA.
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45
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Välimäki K, Herczeg G. Ontogenetic and evolutionary effects of predation and competition on nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) body size. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:859-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Morrongiello JR, Bond NR, Crook DA, Wong BBM. Spatial variation in egg size and egg number reflects trade-offs and bet-hedging in a freshwater fish. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:806-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Marshall DJ, Heppell SS, Munch SB, Warner RR. The relationship between maternal phenotype and offspring quality: do older mothers really produce the best offspring? Ecology 2011; 91:2862-73. [PMID: 21058547 DOI: 10.1890/09-0156.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal effects are increasingly recognized as important drivers of population dynamics and determinants of evolutionary trajectories. Recently, there has been a proliferation of studies finding or citing a positive relationship between maternal size/age and offspring size or offspring quality. The relationship between maternal phenotype and offspring size is intriguing in that it is unclear why young mothers should produce offspring of inferior quality or fitness. Here we evaluate the underlying evolutionary pressures that may lead to a maternal size/age-offspring size correlation and consider the likelihood that such a correlation results in a positive relationship between the age or size of mothers and the fitness of their offspring. We find that, while there are a number of reasons why selection may favor the production of larger offspring by larger mothers, this change in size is more likely due to associated changes in the maternal phenotype that affect the offspring size-performance relationship. We did not find evidence that the offspring of older females should have intrinsically higher fitness. When we explored this issue theoretically, the only instance in which smaller mothers produce suboptimal offspring sizes is when a (largely unsupported) constraint on maximum offspring size is introduced into the model. It is clear that larger offspring fare better than smaller offspring when reared in the same environment, but this misses a critical point: different environments elicit selection for different optimal sizes of young. We suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting the outcome of offspring-size experiments when offspring from different mothers are reared in a common environment, because this approach may remove the source of selection (e.g., reproducing in different context) that induced a shift in offspring size in the first place. It has been suggested that fish stocks should be managed to preserve these older age classes because larger mothers produce offspring with a greater chance of survival and subsequent recruitment. Overall, we suggest that, while there are clear and compelling reasons for preserving older females in exploited populations, there is little theoretical justification or evidence that older mothers produce offspring with higher per capita fitness than do younger mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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48
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Morrissey MB, Ferguson MM. A TEST FOR THE GENETIC BASIS OF NATURAL SELECTION: AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN A STREAM-DWELLING FISH. Evolution 2010; 65:1037-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Blanckenhorn WU, Hoeck PEA, Reim C, Teuschl Y. A cost of being large: genetically large yellow dung flies lose out in intra-specific food competition. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Olsen EM, Moland E. Fitness landscape of Atlantic cod shaped by harvest selection and natural selection. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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