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Szarka EZ, Lendvai ÁZ. Trophic guilds differ in blood glucose concentrations: a phylogenetic comparative analysis in birds. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232655. [PMID: 39106953 PMCID: PMC11303027 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a central metabolic compound used as an energy source across all animal taxa. There is high interspecific variation in glucose concentration between taxa, the origin and the consequence of which remain largely unknown. Nutrition may affect glucose concentrations because carbohydrate content of different food sources may determine the importance of metabolic pathways in the organism. Birds sustain high glucose concentrations that may entail the risks of oxidative damage. We collected glucose concentration and life-history data from 202 bird species from 171 scientific publications, classified them into seven trophic guilds and analysed the data with a phylogenetically controlled model. We show that glucose concentration is negatively associated with body weight and is significantly associated with trophic guilds with a moderate phylogenetic signal. After controlling for allometry, glucose concentrations were highest in carnivorous birds, which rely on high rates of gluconeogenesis to maintain their glycaemia, and lowest in frugivorous/nectarivorous species, which take in carbohydrates directly. However, trophic guilds with different glucose concentrations did not differ in lifespan. These results link nutritional ecology to physiology and suggest that at the macroevolutionary scale, species requiring constantly elevated glucose concentrations may have additional adaptations to avoid the risks associated with high glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Z. Szarka
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Juhász-Nagy Pál Doctoral School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Z. Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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2
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Bi W, Hou R, Owens JR, Spotila JR, Valitutto M, Yin G, Paladino FV, Wu F, Qi D, Zhang Z. Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22391. [PMID: 34789821 PMCID: PMC8599739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of energy expenditure informs conservation managers for long term plans for endangered species health and habitat suitability. We measured field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-roaming giant pandas in large enclosures in a nature reserve using the doubly labeled water method. Giant pandas in zoo like enclosures had a similar FMR (14,182 kJ/day) to giant pandas in larger field enclosures (13,280 kJ/day). In winter, giant pandas raised their metabolic rates when living at - 2.4 °C (36,108 kJ/day) indicating that they were below their thermal neutral zone. The lower critical temperature for thermoregulation was about 8.0 °C and the upper critical temperature was about 28 °C. Giant panda FMRs were somewhat lower than active metabolic rates of sloth bears, lower than FMRs of grizzly bears and polar bears and 69 and 81% of predicted values based on a regression of FMR versus body mass of mammals. That is probably due to their lower levels of activity since other bears actively forage for food over a larger home range and pandas often sit in a patch of bamboo and eat bamboo for hours at a time. The low metabolic rates of giant pandas in summer, their inability to acquire fat stores to hibernate in winter, and their ability to raise their metabolic rate to thermoregulate in winter are energetic adaptations related to eating a diet composed almost exclusively of bamboo. Differences in FMR of giant pandas between our study and previous studies (one similar and one lower) appear to be due to differences in activity of the giant pandas in those studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Bi
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, 3145 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Rd, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Rd, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jacob R Owens
- Department of Conservation, Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - James R Spotila
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, 3145 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Marc Valitutto
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, Ste. 1200, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Guan Yin
- Department of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Frank V Paladino
- Department of Biology, Purdue University at Fort Wayne, 2101 E. Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, 3145 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Global Cause Foundation, 4031 University Drive #100, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Dunwu Qi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Rd, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhihe Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, 1375 Panda RD, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan Province, China
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3
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Kumar SA, Albrecht T, Kauzál O, Tomášek O. No Evidence for Trade-Offs Between Lifespan, Fecundity, and Basal Metabolic Rate Mediated by Liver Fatty Acid Composition in Birds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638501. [PMID: 33869185 PMCID: PMC8045231 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of biological membranes has been hypothesised to be a key molecular adaptation associated with the evolution of metabolic rates, ageing, and life span – the basis of the membrane pacemaker hypothesis (MPH). MPH proposes that highly unsaturated membranes enhance cellular metabolic processes while being more prone to oxidative damage, thereby increasing the rates of metabolism and ageing. MPH could, therefore, provide a mechanistic explanation for trade-offs between longevity, fecundity, and metabolic rates, predicting that short-lived species with fast metabolic rates and higher fecundity would have greater levels of membrane unsaturation. However, previous comparative studies testing MPH provide mixed evidence regarding the direction of covariation between fatty acid unsaturation and life span or metabolic rate. Moreover, some empirical studies suggest that an n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio or the fatty acid chain length, rather than the overall unsaturation, could be the key traits coevolving with life span. In this study, we tested the coevolution of liver fatty acid composition with maximum life span, annual fecundity, and basal metabolic rate (BMR), using a recently published data set comprising liver fatty acid composition of 106 avian species. While statistically controlling for the confounding effects of body mass and phylogeny, we found no support for long life span evolving with low fatty acid unsaturation and only very weak support for fatty acid unsaturation acting as a pacemaker of BMR. Moreover, our analysis provided no evidence for the previously reported links between life span and n-3 PUFA/total PUFA or MUFA proportion. Our results rather suggest that long life span evolves with long-chain fatty acids irrespective of their degree of unsaturation as life span was positively associated with at least one long-chain fatty acid of each type (i.e., SFA, MUFA, n-6 PUFA, and n-3 PUFA). Importantly, maximum life span, annual fecundity, and BMR were associated with different fatty acids or fatty acid indices, indicating that longevity, fecundity, and BMR coevolve with different aspects of fatty acid composition. Therefore, in addition to posing significant challenges to MPH, our results imply that fatty acid composition does not pose an evolutionary constraint underpinning life-history trade-offs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath A Kumar
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Kauzál
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Oldřich Tomášek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Evidence for the 'rate-of-living' hypothesis between mammals and lizards, but not in birds, with field metabolic rate. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 253:110867. [PMID: 33307204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Longevity, an important life-history trait, is determined by extrinsic and/or intrinsic causing mortality. Here, we used body mass (BM), field metabolic rate (FMR), longevity, and female maturity data reported from 300 amniote species to test whether 1) longevity was related to BM, FMR and female maturity, and 2) FMR, female maturity, or both, had a direct effect on longevity and whether an indirect effect of FMR on female maturity improved model fit. The results showed that BM was positively correlated with longevity and FMR, but negatively correlated with mass-specific FMR (mFMR) in amniotes. Phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis showed that, in the best model, longevity had a direct negative correlation with mFMR in lizards, and an indirect negative correlation with mFMR through female maturity in mammals. However, longevity had a direct positive correlation with mFMR in birds. Furthermore, longevity was positively correlated with female maturity in endotherms (birds and mammals) but weakly correlated with female maturity in ectotherms (lizards). Thus, our results are consistent with the life-history theory and the "rate-of-living" hypothesis in lizards and mammals but not support them in birds.
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Song S, Beissinger SR. Environmental and ecological correlates of avian field metabolic rate and water flux. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soorim Song
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Steven R. Beissinger
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley CA USA
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Tomasek O, Bobek L, Kralova T, Adamkova M, Albrecht T. Fuel for the pace of life: Baseline blood glucose concentration co-evolves with life-history traits in songbirds. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oldrich Tomasek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bobek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kralova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marie Adamkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Albrecht
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague 2 Czech Republic
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Karagicheva J, Rakhimberdiev E, Saveliev A, Piersma T. Annual chronotypes functionally link life histories and life cycles in birds. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karagicheva
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University Texel The Netherlands
| | - Eldar Rakhimberdiev
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University Texel The Netherlands
- Department of Vertebrate ZoologyBiological FacultyLomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly Saveliev
- Institute of Ecology and GeographyKazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Theunis Piersma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University Texel The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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Syrůčková A, Saveljev AP, Frosch C, Durka W, Savelyev AA, Munclinger P. Genetic relationships within colonies suggest genetic monogamy in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). MAMMAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-015-0219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Pertoldi C, Faurby S. Consequences of environmental fluctuations on Taylor's power law and implications for the dynamics and persistence of populations. Acta Biotheor 2013. [PMID: 23184387 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-012-9167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conservation Biologists have found that demographic stochasticity causes the mean time to extinction to increase exponentially with population size. This has proved helpful in analyses determining extinction times and characterizing the pathway to extinction. The aim of this investigation is to explore the possible interactions between environmental/demographic noises and the scaling effect of the mean population size with its variance, which is expected to follow Taylor's power law relationship. We showed that the combined effects of environmental/demographic noises and the scaling of population size variability interact with the population dynamics and affect the mean time to extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pertoldi
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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10
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Untested assumptions about within-species sample size and missing data in interspecific studies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Galván I, Erritzøe J, Karadaş F, Møller AP. High levels of liver antioxidants are associated with life-history strategies characteristic of slow growth and high survival rates in birds. J Comp Physiol B 2012; 182:947-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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CARROLL JUSTIN, KORSHIKOV ELENA, SHERRATT THOMASN. Post-reproductive senescence in moths as a consequence of kin selection: Blest's theory revisited. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Rapid Evolution of Lifespan in a Novel Environment: Sex-Specific Responses and Underlying Genetic Architecture. Evol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-011-9116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Møller AP, Soler JJ, Vivaldi MM. Spatial heterogeneity in distribution and ecology of Western Palearctic birds. Ecology 2010; 91:2769-82. [DOI: 10.1890/09-1300.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Aging processes leading to specific organ problems are not obvious in aging psittacines. In general, birds live long and age slowly despite their high metabolic rates and very high total lifetime energy expenditures. Most pathologic processes seen in older parrots are generally not specific for aging because they are seen in young birds as well. Pathologic processes that have a tendency to occur more in older psittacines are atherosclerosis and repeated injury processes, such as chronic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, liver fibrosis, and lens cataracts. Also, some neoplasms are more often seen at an older age.
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Munshi-South J, Wilkinson GS. Bats and birds: Exceptional longevity despite high metabolic rates. Ageing Res Rev 2010; 9:12-9. [PMID: 19643206 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bats and birds live substantially longer on average than non-flying mammals of similar body size. The combination of small body size, high metabolic rates, and long lifespan in bats and birds would not seem to support oxidative theories of ageing that view senescence as the gradual accumulation of damage from metabolic byproducts. However, large-scale comparative analyses and laboratory studies on a few emerging model species have identified multiple mechanisms for resisting oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and cellular structures in both bats and birds. Here we review these recent findings, and suggest areas in which additional progress on ageing mechanisms can be made using bats and birds as novel systems. New techniques for determining the age of free-living, wild individuals, and robustly supported molecular phylogenies, are under development and will improve the efforts of comparative biologists to identify ecological and evolutionary factors promoting long lifespan. In the laboratory, greater development of emerging laboratory models and comparative functional genomic approaches will be needed to identify the molecular pathways of longevity extension in birds and bats.
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Abstract
This article investigates geriatric psittacine medicine; it identifies how to recognize and treat pain, and describes disease conditions by system, administration of medicine, and examination techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Lightfoot
- Avian and Exotics Department, Florida Veterinary Specialists, 3000 Busch Lake Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33614, USA.
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18
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Ectoparasites, uropygial glands and hatching success in birds. Oecologia 2009; 163:303-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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