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Swift HF, Dawson MN. Demographic, Environmental, and Phenotypic Change but Genetic Consistency in the Jellyfish Mastigias papua. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2020; 239:80-94. [PMID: 33151754 DOI: 10.1086/710663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSpatiotemporal environmental change can produce phenotypic differences within and between populations. For scyphozoans, the effect of environmental variation on phenotype has been unclear because of multiple challenges, including difficulties delimiting populations. Marine lakes, bodies of seawater entirely surrounded by land, provide an opportunity to study discrete populations and capture responses to perturbations. We use this opportunity to compare Mastigias papua (Lesson, 1830) medusae before and after a demographic and environmental perturbation. We reconstructed mitochondrial DNA haplotype networks, measured morphological variation, and assessed swimming behavior of pre- and post-perturbation samples to evaluate two hypotheses about the source of variation: recolonization from an alternate location or endemic phenotypic variation. We found significant differences between samples in morphology (F > 9.5, P < 0.001) and in two of three behaviors (F > 8.45, P < 0.005) but no substantial genetic differentiation (ΦST = 0.03, P = 0.09). We reject the hypothesis of recolonization because pre- and post-perturbation lake medusae were genetically similar to each other and also significantly different from any potential source locations (ΦST > 0.48, P > 0.001). We could not distinguish the source of endemic variation; this will require genomic or experimental analyses. Increasing climatic variability emphasizes the need for understanding population-level responses to environmental change and how responses may be modified by sources of intraspecific variation.
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van Rijssel JC, Moser FN, Frei D, Seehausen O. Prevalence of disruptive selection predicts extent of species differentiation in Lake Victoria cichlids. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2630. [PMID: 29367400 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory suggests that speciation with gene flow is most likely when both sexual and ecological selection are divergent or disruptive. Divergent sexual and natural selection on the visual system have been demonstrated before in sympatric, morphologically similar sister species of Lake Victoria cichlids, but this does not explain the subtle morphological differences between them. To investigate the significance of natural selection on morphology during speciation, we here ask whether the prevalence of disruptive ecological selection differs between sympatric sister species that are at different stages of speciation. Some of our species pairs do (Pundamilia) and others do not (Neochromis) differ distinctively in sexually selected male nuptial coloration. We find that (i) evidence for disruptive selection, and for evolutionary response to it, is prevalent in traits that are differentiated between sister species; (ii) prevalence of both predicts the extent of genetic differentiation; and (iii) genetic differentiation is weaker in species pairs with conserved male nuptial coloration. Our results speak to the existence of two different mechanisms of speciation with gene flow: speciation mainly by sexual selection tightly followed by ecological character displacement in some cases and speciation mainly by divergent ecological selection in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacco C van Rijssel
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland .,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian N Moser
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Frei
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland .,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Genomics of Parallel Ecological Speciation in Lake Victoria Cichlids. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2594. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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4
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Meier JI, Marques DA, Wagner CE, Excoffier L, Seehausen O. Genomics of Parallel Ecological Speciation in Lake Victoria Cichlids. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:1489-1506. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Isabel Meier
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - David Alexander Marques
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Elise Wagner
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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5
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Wright DS, Rietveld E, Maan ME. Developmental effects of environmental light on male nuptial coloration in Lake Victoria cichlid fish. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4209. [PMID: 29312830 PMCID: PMC5756450 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient communication requires that signals are well transmitted and perceived in a given environment. Natural selection therefore drives the evolution of different signals in different environments. In addition, environmental heterogeneity at small spatial or temporal scales may favour phenotypic plasticity in signaling traits, as plasticity may allow rapid adjustment of signal expression to optimize transmission. In this study, we explore signal plasticity in the nuptial coloration of Lake Victoria cichlids, Pundamilia pundamilia and Pundamilia nyererei. These two species differ in male coloration, which mediates species-assortative mating. They occur in adjacent depth ranges with different light environments. Given the close proximity of their habitats, overlapping at some locations, plasticity in male coloration could contribute to male reproductive success but interfere with reproductive isolation. Methods We reared P. pundamilia, P. nyererei, and their hybrids under light conditions mimicking the two depth ranges in Lake Victoria. From photographs, we quantified the nuptial coloration of males, spanning the entire visible spectrum. In experiment 1, we examined developmental colour plasticity by comparing sibling males reared in each light condition. In experiment 2, we assessed colour plasticity in adulthood, by switching adult males between conditions and tracking coloration for 100 days. Results We found that nuptial colour in Pundamilia did respond plastically to our light manipulations, but only in a limited hue range. Fish that were reared in light conditions mimicking the deeper habitat were significantly greener than those in conditions mimicking shallow waters. The species-specific nuptial colours (blue and red) did not change. When moved to the opposing light condition as adults, males did not change colour. Discussion Our results show that species-specific nuptial colours, which are subject to strong divergent selection by female choice, are not plastic. We do find plasticity in green coloration, a response that may contribute to visual conspicuousness in darker, red-shifted light environments. These results suggest that light-environment-induced plasticity in male nuptial coloration in P. pundamilia and P. nyererei is limited and does not interfere with reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shane Wright
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Emma Rietveld
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,University of Applied Sciences van Hall Larenstein, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Martine E Maan
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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6
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Lorant A, Pedersen S, Holst I, Hufford MB, Winter K, Piperno D, Ross-Ibarra J. The potential role of genetic assimilation during maize domestication. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184202. [PMID: 28886108 PMCID: PMC5590903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestication research has largely focused on identification of morphological and genetic differences between extant populations of crops and their wild relatives. Little attention has been paid to the potential effects of environment despite substantial known changes in climate from the time of domestication to modern day. In recent research, the exposure of teosinte (i.e., wild maize) to environments similar to the time of domestication, resulted in a plastic induction of domesticated phenotypes in teosinte. These results suggest that early agriculturalists may have selected for genetic mechanisms that cemented domestication phenotypes initially induced by a plastic response of teosinte to environment, a process known as genetic assimilation. To better understand this phenomenon and the potential role of environment in maize domestication, we examined differential gene expression in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) between past and present conditions. We identified a gene set of over 2000 loci showing a change in expression across environmental conditions in teosinte and invariance in maize. In fact, overall we observed both greater plasticity in gene expression and more substantial changes in co-expressionnal networks in teosinte across environments when compared to maize. While these results suggest genetic assimilation played at least some role in domestication, genes showing expression patterns consistent with assimilation are not significantly enriched for previously identified domestication candidates, indicating assimilation did not have a genome-wide effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lorant
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Pedersen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Irene Holst
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Matthew B. Hufford
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Dolores Piperno
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Genome Center and Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Perreault-Payette A, Muir AM, Goetz F, Perrier C, Normandeau E, Sirois P, Bernatchez L. Investigating the extent of parallelism in morphological and genomic divergence among lake trout ecotypes in Lake Superior. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1477-1497. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysse Perreault-Payette
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec Quebec Canada G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Andrew M. Muir
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; 13 Natural Resources Building East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission; 2100 Commonwealth Boulevard Suite 100 Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA
| | - Frederick Goetz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Port Orchard WA 98366 USA
| | - Charles Perrier
- Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR CEFE CNRS 5175); 1919, route de Mende, 34293; Montpellier France
| | - Eric Normandeau
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec Quebec Canada G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Pascal Sirois
- Chaire de recherche sur les espèces aquatiques exploitées; Laboratoire des sciences aquatiques; Département des sciences fondamentales; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; 555 boulevard de l'Université Chicoutimi Quebec Canada G7H 2B1
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec Quebec Canada G1V 0A6 Canada
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8
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Janzen T, Alzate A, Muschick M, Maan ME, van der Plas F, Etienne RS. Community assembly in Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish: quantifying the contributions of both niche-based and neutral processes. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1057-1067. [PMID: 28303177 PMCID: PMC5306054 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cichlid family features some of the most spectacular examples of adaptive radiation. Evolutionary studies have highlighted the importance of both trophic adaptation and sexual selection in cichlid speciation. However, it is poorly understood what processes drive the composition and diversity of local cichlid species assemblages on relatively short, ecological timescales. Here, we investigate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral processes in determining the composition and diversity of cichlid communities inhabiting various environmental conditions in the littoral zone of Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. We collected data on cichlid abundance, morphometrics, and local environments. We analyzed relationships between mean trait values, community composition, and environmental variation, and used a recently developed modeling technique (STEPCAM) to estimate the contributions of niche-based and neutral processes to community assembly. Contrary to our expectations, our results show that stochastic processes, and not niche-based processes, were responsible for the majority of cichlid community assembly. We also found that the relative importance of niche-based and neutral processes was constant across environments. However, we found significant relationships between environmental variation, community trait means, and community composition. These relationships were caused by niche-based processes, as they disappeared in simulated, purely neutrally assembled communities. Importantly, these results can potentially reconcile seemingly contrasting findings in the literature about the importance of either niche-based or neutral-based processes in community assembly, as we show that significant trait relationships can already be found in nearly (but not completely) neutrally assembled communities; that is, even a small deviation from neutrality can have major effects on community patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Janzen
- Department of Evolutionary TheoryMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adriana Alzate
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitUniversity of GhentGhentBelgium
- Fundacion EcomaresCaliColombia
| | - Moritz Muschick
- Zoological InstituteUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology & EvolutionEAWAG Centre for EcologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Martine E. Maan
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungFrankfurtGermany
| | - Rampal S. Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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9
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Perea S, Vukić J, Šanda R, Doadrio I. Ancient Mitochondrial Capture as Factor Promoting Mitonuclear Discordance in Freshwater Fishes: A Case Study in the Genus Squalius (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in Greece. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166292. [PMID: 27906993 PMCID: PMC5132402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting are common confounding factors in phylogeny and speciation resulting in mitonuclear disparity. Mitochondrial introgression, a particular case of hybridization, may, in extreme cases, lead to replacement of the mitochondrial genome of one species with that of another (mitochondrial capture). We investigated mitochondrial introgression involving two species of the cyprinid genus Squalius in the western Peloponnese region of Greece using molecular and morphological data. We found evidence of complete mitochondrial introgression of Squalius keadicus into two populations recognized as Squalius peloponensis from the Miras and Pamissos River basins and a divergence of mitochondrial genomes of S. keadicus from the Evrotas basin from that of the introgressed populations dating from the Pleistocene. Secondary contact among basins is a possible factor in connection of the species and the introgression event. Morphological analyses support the hypothesis of mitochondrial introgression, as S. keadicus was different from the other three populations recognized as S. peloponensis, although significant differences were found among the four populations. Isolation by geographical barriers arose during Pleistocene in the western Peloponnese were the source of the evolution of the two reciprocally monophyletic subclades found in the S. keadicus mitochondrial clade, and the morphological differences found among the four populations. Along with the lack of structure in the nuclear genome in the three populations ascribed to S. peloponensis, this suggests an incipient speciation process occurring in these Squalius species in the western Peloponnese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perea
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jasna Vukić
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šanda
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Václavské nám, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ignacio Doadrio
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Hata H, Ochi H. Depth and substratum differentiations among coexisting herbivorous cichlids in Lake Tanganyika. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160229. [PMID: 28018609 PMCID: PMC5180107 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cichlid fish in Lake Tanganyika represent a system of adaptive radiation in which eight ancestral lineages have diversified into hundreds of species through adaptation to various niches. However, Tanganyikan cichlids have been thought to be oversaturated, that is, the species number exceeds the number of niches and ecologically equivalent and competitively even species coexist. However, recent studies have shed light on niche segregation on a finer scale among apparently equivalent species. We observed depth and substratum preferences of 15 herbivorous cichlids from four ecomorphs (i.e. grazer, browser, scraper and scooper) on a rocky littoral slope for 14 years. Depth differentiation was detected among grazers that defended feeding territories and among browsers with feeding territories. Cichlid species having no feeding territory also showed specificity on depth and substratum, resulting in habitat segregation among species that belong to the same ecomorph. Phylogenetically close species did not occupy adjacent depths, nor the opposite depth zones. Our findings suggest that apparently equivalent species of the same ecomorph coexist parapatrically along depth on a few-metre scale, or coexist with different substratum preferences on the rocky shore, and this niche segregation may have been acquired by competition between encountering equivalent species through repetitive lake-level fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2–5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Haruki Ochi
- 4-4-7 Higashimon-cho, Imabari 794-0033, Japan
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11
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Meier JI, Sousa VC, Marques DA, Selz OM, Wagner CE, Excoffier L, Seehausen O. Demographic modelling with whole-genome data reveals parallel origin of similar Pundamilia cichlid species after hybridization. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:123-141. [PMID: 27613570 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Modes and mechanisms of speciation are best studied in young species pairs. In older taxa, it is increasingly difficult to distinguish what happened during speciation from what happened after speciation. Lake Victoria cichlids in the genus Pundamilia encompass a complex of young species and polymorphic populations. One Pundamilia species pair, P. pundamilia and P. nyererei, is particularly well suited to study speciation because sympatric population pairs occur with different levels of phenotypic differentiation and reproductive isolation at different rocky islands within the lake. Genetic distances between allopatric island populations of the same nominal species often exceed those between the sympatric species. It thus remained unresolved whether speciation into P. nyererei and P. pundamilia occurred once, followed by geographical range expansion and interspecific gene flow in local sympatry, or if the species pair arose repeatedly by parallel speciation. Here, we use genomic data and demographic modelling to test these alternative evolutionary scenarios. We demonstrate that gene flow plays a strong role in shaping the observed patterns of genetic similarity, including both gene flow between sympatric species and gene flow between allopatric populations, as well as recent and early gene flow. The best supported model for the origin of P. pundamilia and P. nyererei population pairs at two different islands is one where speciation happened twice, whereby the second speciation event follows shortly after introgression from an allopatric P. nyererei population that arose earlier. Our findings support the hypothesis that very similar species may arise repeatedly, potentially facilitated by introgressed genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Meier
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,CMPG, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Vitor C Sousa
- CMPG, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - David A Marques
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,CMPG, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Oliver M Selz
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E Wagner
- Biodiversity Institute & Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Berry Center, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- CMPG, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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12
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Magalhaes IS, Ornelas-Garcıa CP, Leal-Cardin M, Ramírez T, Barluenga M. Untangling the evolutionary history of a highly polymorphic species: introgressive hybridization and high genetic structure in the desert cichlid fish Herichtys minckleyi. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4505-20. [PMID: 26175313 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the origin of biodiversity requires knowledge on the evolutionary processes that drive divergence and speciation, as well as on the processes constraining it. Intraspecific polymorphisms can provide insight into the mechanisms that generate and maintain phenotypic, behavioural and life history diversification, and can help us understand not only the processes that lead to speciation but also the processes that prevent local fixation of morphs. The 'desert cichlid' Herichtys minckleyi is a highly polymorphic species endemic to a biodiversity hotspot in northern Mexico, the Cuatro Ciénegas valley. This species is polymorphic in body shape and trophic apparatus, and eco-morphotypes coexist in small spring-fed lagoons across the valley. We investigated the genetic structure of these polymorphisms and their phylogeographic history by analysing the entire control region of the mitochondrial DNA and 10 nuclear microsatellite markers in several populations from different sites and morphs. We found two very divergent mitochondrial lineages that most likely predate the closing of the valley and are not associated with morphotypes or sites. One of these lineages is also found in the sister species Herichthys cyanoguttatus. Data from neutral microsatellite markers suggest that most lagoons or drainages constitute their own genetic cluster with sympatric eco-morphotypes forming panmictic populations. Alternative mechanisms such as phenotypic plasticity and a few loci controlled traits provide possible explanations for the sympatric coexistence of discrete nonoverlapping eco-morphotypes with apparent lack of barriers to gene flow within multiple lagoons and drainages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel S Magalhaes
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Patricia Ornelas-Garcıa
- Departamento de Zoología, Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla 76230, México.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Circuito Interior Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Leal-Cardin
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Ramírez
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Barluenga
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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13
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A microsatellite-based genetic linkage map and putative sex-determining genomic regions in Lake Victoria cichlids. Gene 2015; 560:156-64. [PMID: 25639358 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cichlid fishes in East Africa have undergone extensive adaptive radiation, which has led to spectacular diversity in their morphology and ecology. To date, genetic linkage maps have been constructed for several tilapias (riverine), Astatotilapia burtoni (Lake Tanganyika), and hybrid lines of Lake Malawi cichlids to facilitate genome-wide comparative analyses. In the present study, we constructed a genetic linkage map of the hybrid line of Lake Victoria cichlids, so that maps of cichlids from all the major areas of East Africa will be available. The genetic linkage map shown here is derived from the F2 progeny of an interspecific cross between Haplochromis chilotes and Haplochromis sauvagei and is based on 184 microsatellite and two single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Most of the microsatellite markers used in the present study were originally designed for other genetic linkage maps, allowing us to directly compare each linkage group (LG) among different cichlid groups. We found 25 LGs, the total length of which was 1133.2cM with an average marker spacing of about 6.09cM. Our subsequent linkage mapping analysis identified two putative sex-determining loci in cichlids. Interestingly, one of these two loci is located on cichlid LG5, on which the female heterogametic ZW locus and several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to adaptive evolution have been reported in Lake Malawi cichlids. We also found that V1R1 and V1R2, candidate genes for the fish pheromone receptor, are located very close to the recently detected sex-determining locus on cichlid LG5. The genetic linkage map study presented here may provide a valuable foundation for studying the chromosomal evolution of East African cichlids and the possible role of sex chromosomes in generating their genomic diversity.
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Dijkstra PD, Seehausen O, Metcalfe NB. Metabolic divergence between sibling species of cichlids Pundamilia nyererei and Pundamilia pundamilia. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:1975-1989. [PMID: 23731147 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared Pundamilia nyererei and Pundamilia pundamilia males in routine metabolic rate (R(R)) and in the metabolic costs males pay during territorial interactions (active metabolic rate, R(A)). Pundamilia nyererei and P. pundamilia males housed in social isolation did not differ in RR . In contrast to expectation, however, P. nyererei males used less oxygen than P. pundamilia males, for a given mass and level of agonistic activity. This increased metabolic efficiency may be an adaptation to limit the metabolic cost that P. nyererei males pay for their higher rate of aggressiveness compared to P. pundamilia males. Thus, the divergence between the species in agonistic behaviour is correlated with metabolic differentiation. Such concerted divergence in physiology and behaviour might be widespread in the dramatically diverse cichlid radiations in East African lakes and may be an important factor in the remarkably rapid speciation of these fishes. The results did not support the hypothesis that higher metabolic rates caused a physiological cost to P. nyererei males that would offset their dominance advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Dijkstra
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Leinonen T, McCairns RJS, O'Hara RB, Merilä J. Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons: evolutionary and ecological insights from genomic heterogeneity. Nat Rev Genet 2013; 14:179-90. [PMID: 23381120 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Comparative studies of the divergence of quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers, known as Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons, provide a means for researchers to distinguish between natural selection and genetic drift as causes of population differentiation in complex polygenic traits. The use of Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons has increased rapidly in the last few years, highlighting the utility of this approach for addressing a wide range of questions that are relevant to evolutionary and ecological genetics. These studies have also provided lessons for the design of future Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons. Methods based on the Q(ST)-F(ST) approach could also be used to analyse various types of 'omics' data in new and revealing ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Leinonen
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, PO Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Keller I, Wagner CE, Greuter L, Mwaiko S, Selz OM, Sivasundar A, Wittwer S, Seehausen O. Population genomic signatures of divergent adaptation, gene flow and hybrid speciation in the rapid radiation of Lake Victoria cichlid fishes. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:2848-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wagner CE, Keller I, Wittwer S, Selz OM, Mwaiko S, Greuter L, Sivasundar A, Seehausen O. Genome-wide RAD sequence data provide unprecedented resolution of species boundaries and relationships in the Lake Victoria cichlid adaptive radiation. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:787-98. [PMID: 23057853 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although population genomic studies using next generation sequencing (NGS) data are becoming increasingly common, studies focusing on phylogenetic inference using these data are in their infancy. Here, we use NGS data generated from reduced representation genomic libraries of restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD) markers to infer phylogenetic relationships among 16 species of cichlid fishes from a single rocky island community within Lake Victoria's cichlid adaptive radiation. Previous attempts at sequence-based phylogenetic analyses in Victoria cichlids have shown extensive sharing of genetic variation among species and no resolution of species or higher-level relationships. These patterns have generally been attributed to the very recent origin (<15,000 years) of the radiation, and ongoing hybridization between species. We show that as we increase the amount of sequence data used in phylogenetic analyses, we produce phylogenetic trees with unprecedented resolution for this group. In trees derived from our largest data supermatrices (3 to >5.8 million base pairs in width), species are reciprocally monophyletic with high bootstrap support, and the majority of internal branches on the tree have high support. Given the difficulty of the phylogenetic problem that the Lake Victoria cichlid adaptive radiation represents, these results are striking. The strict interpretation of the topologies we present here warrants caution because many questions remain about phylogenetic inference with very large genomic data set and because we can with the current analysis not distinguish between effects of shared ancestry and post-speciation gene flow. However, these results provide the first conclusive evidence for the monophyly of species in the Lake Victoria cichlid radiation and demonstrate the power that NGS data sets hold to resolve even the most difficult of phylogenetic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Wagner
- Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, EAWAG Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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Joost S, Kalbermatten M, Bezault E, Seehausen O. Use of qualitative environmental and phenotypic variables in the context of allele distribution models: detecting signatures of selection in the genome of Lake Victoria cichlids. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 888:295-314. [PMID: 22665288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-870-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
When searching for loci possibly under selection in the genome, an alternative to population genetics theoretical models is to establish allele distribution models (ADM) for each locus to directly correlate allelic frequencies and environmental variables such as precipitation, temperature, or sun radiation. Such an approach implementing multiple logistic regression models in parallel was implemented within a computing program named MATSAM: . Recently, this application was improved in order to support qualitative environmental predictors as well as to permit the identification of associations between genomic variation and individual phenotypes, allowing the detection of loci involved in the genetic architecture of polymorphic characters. Here, we present the corresponding methodological developments and compare the results produced by software implementing population genetics theoretical models (DFDIST: and BAYESCAN: ) and ADM (MATSAM: ) in an empirical context to detect signatures of genomic divergence associated with speciation in Lake Victoria cichlid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), Institute of Environmental Engineering (IIE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Absence of Climbing-Induced Limb Length Plasticity in the Eastern Fence Lizard,Sceloporus undulatus. J HERPETOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1670/11-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a resurgent interest in whether and how phenotypic plasticity might impact evolutionary processes. Of fundamental importance is how the environment influences individual phenotypic development while simultaneously selecting among phenotypic variants in a population. Conceptual and theoretical treatments of the evolutionary implications of plasticity are numerous, as are criticisms of the conclusions. As such, the time is ripe for empirical evidence to catch up with theoretical predictions. To this end, I provide a summary of eight hypotheses at the core of this issue, highlighting various approaches by which they can be tested. My goal is to provide practical guidance to those seeking to understand the complex ways by which phenotypic plasticity can influence evolutionary innovation and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Wund
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, PO Box 7718, Ewing, NJ, USA.
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WUND MATTHEWA, VALENA SOPHIE, WOOD SUSAN, BAKER JOHNA. Ancestral plasticity and allometry in threespine stickleback reveal phenotypes associated with derived, freshwater ecotypes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Wund MA, Valena S, Wood S, Baker JA. Ancestral Plasticity and Allometry in Threespine Stickleback Fish Reveal Phenotypes Associated with Derived, Freshwater Ecotypes. BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON 2012; 105:573-583. [PMID: 22611287 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hb824gd4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For over a century, evolutionary biologists have debated whether and how phenotypic plasticity impacts the processes of adaptation and diversification. The empirical tests required to resolve these issues have proven elusive, mainly because it requires documentation of ancestral reaction norms, a difficult prospect where many ancestors are either extinct or have evolved. The threespine stickleback radiation is not limited in this regard, making it an ideal system in which to address general questions regarding the role of plasticity in adaptive evolution. As retreating ice sheets have exposed new habitats, oceanic stickleback founded innumerable freshwater populations, many of which have evolved parallel adaptations to their new environments. Because the founding oceanic population is extant, we can directly evaluate whether specific patterns of ancestral phenotypic expression in the context of novel environments (plasticity), or over ontogeny, predisposed the repeated evolution of "benthic" and "limnetic" ecotypes in shallow and deep lakes, respectively. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that oceanic stickleback raised in a complex habitat and fed a macroinvertebrate diet expressed traits resembling derived, benthic fish. Alternatively, when reared in a simple environment on a diet of zooplankton, oceanic stickleback developed phenotypes resembling derived, limnetic fish. As fish in both treatments grew, their body depths increased allometrically, as did the size of their mouths, while their eyes became relatively smaller. Allometric trajectories were subtly but significantly impacted by rearing environment. Thus, both environmental and allometric influences on development, along with their interactive effects, produced variation in phenotypes consistent with derived benthic and limnetic fish, which may have predisposed the repeated genetic accommodation of this specific suite of traits. We also found significant shape differences between marine and anadromous stickleback, which has implications for evaluating the ancestral state of stickleback traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Wund
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA
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SMADJA CAROLEM, BUTLIN ROGERK. A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the presence of gene flow. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:5123-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DIJKSTRA PD, WIEGERTJES GF, FORLENZA M, van der SLUIJS I, HOFMANN HA, METCALFE NB, GROOTHUIS TGG. The role of physiology in the divergence of two incipient cichlid species. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2639-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bezault E, Mwaiko S, Seehausen O. POPULATION GENOMIC TESTS OF MODELS OF ADAPTIVE RADIATION IN LAKE VICTORIA REGION CICHLID FISH. Evolution 2011; 65:3381-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crispo E, Chapman LJ. Geographic variation in phenotypic plasticity in response to dissolved oxygen in an African cichlid fish. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:2091-2103. [PMID: 20722894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are two ways in which organisms can adapt to local environmental conditions. We examined genetic and plastic variation in gill and brain size among swamp (low oxygen; hypoxic) and river (normal oxygen; normoxic) populations of an African cichlid fish, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae. Larger gills and smaller brains should be advantageous when oxygen is low, and we hypothesized that the relative contribution of local genetic adaptation vs. phenotypic plasticity should be related to potential for dispersal between environments (because of gene flow's constraint on local genetic adaptation). We conducted a laboratory-rearing experiment, with broods from multiple populations raised under high-oxygen and low-oxygen conditions. We found that most of the variation in gill size was because of plasticity. However, both plastic and genetic effects on brain mass were detected, as were genetic effects on brain mass plasticity. F(1) offspring from populations with the highest potential for dispersal between environments had characteristically smaller and more plastic brains. This phenotypic pattern might be adaptive in the face of gene flow, if smaller brains and increased plasticity confer higher average fitness across environment types.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Crispo
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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MAGALHAES IS, MWAIKO S, SEEHAUSEN O. Sympatric colour polymorphisms associated with nonrandom gene flow in cichlid fish of Lake Victoria. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3285-300. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Magalhaes IS, Seehausen O. Genetics of male nuptial colour divergence between sympatric sister species of a Lake Victoria cichlid fish. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:914-24. [PMID: 20345823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.01960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of sympatric speciation by sexual selection has been contentious. Several recent theoretical models of sympatric speciation by disruptive sexual selection were tailored to apply to African cichlids. Most of this work concludes that the genetic architecture of female preference and male trait is a key determinant of the likelihood of disruptive sexual selection to result in speciation. We investigated the genetic architecture controlling male nuptial colouration in a sympatric sibling species pair of cichlid fish from Lake Victoria, which differ conspicuously in male colouration and female mating preferences for these. We estimated that the difference between the species in male nuptial red colouration is controlled by a minimum number of two to four genes with significant epistasis and dominance effects. Yellow colouration appears to be controlled by one gene with complete dominance. The two colours appear to be epistatically linked. Knowledge on how male colouration segregates in hybrid generations and on the number of genes controlling differences between species can help us assess whether assumptions made in simulation models of sympatric speciation by sexual selection are realistic. In the particular case of the two sister species that we studied a small number of genes causing major differences in male colouration may have facilitated the divergence in male colouration associated with speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Magalhaes
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Martínez-Fernández M, de la Cadena MP, Rolán-Alvarez E. The role of phenotypic plasticity on the proteome differences between two sympatric marine snail ecotypes adapted to distinct micro-habitats. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:65. [PMID: 20210986 PMCID: PMC2841171 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of phenotypic plasticity is increasingly being recognized in the field of evolutionary studies. In this paper we look at the role of genetic determination versus plastic response by comparing the protein expression profiles between two sympatric ecotypes adapted to different shore levels and habitats using two-dimensional protein maps. Results We compared qualitative and quantitative differences in protein expression between pools of both ecotypes from different environments (field and laboratory conditions). The results suggested that ecotype differences may affect about 7% of the proteome in agreement with previous studies, and moreover these differences are basically insensitive to environmental changes. Thus, observed differences between wild ecotypes can be mainly attributed to genetic factors rather than phenotypic plasticity. Conclusions These results confirm the mechanism of adaptation already proposed in this species and a minor role of phenotypic plasticity in this ecological speciation process. In addition, this study provides a number of interesting protein spots potentially involved in adaptation, and therefore candidates for a future identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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MAAN MARTINEE, SEEHAUSEN OLE, VAN ALPHEN JACQUESJM. Female mating preferences and male coloration covary with water transparency in a Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Mzighani SI, Nikaido M, Takeda M, Seehausen O, Budeba YL, Ngatunga BP, Katunzi EFB, Aibara M, Mizoiri S, Sato T, Tachida H, Okada N. Genetic variation and demographic history of the Haplochromis laparogramma group of Lake Victoria-An analysis based on SINEs and mitochondrial DNA. Gene 2010; 450:39-47. [PMID: 19837145 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More than 500 endemic haplochromine cichlid species inhabit Lake Victoria. This striking species diversity is a classical example of recent explosive adaptive radiation thought to have happened within the last approximately 15,000 years. In this study, we examined the population structure and historical demography of 3 pelagic haplochromine cichlid species that resemble in morphology and have similar niche, Haplochromis (Yssichromis) laparogramma, Haplochromis (Y.) pyrrhocephalus, and Haplochromis (Y.) sp. "glaucocephalus". We investigated the sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region and the insertion patterns of short interspersed elements (SINEs) of 759 individuals. We show that sympatric forms are genetically differentiated in 4 of 6 cases, but we also found apparent weakening of the genetic differentiation in areas with turbid water. We estimated the timings of population expansion and species divergence to coincide with the refilling of the lake at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary. We also found that estimates can be altered significantly by the choice of the shape of the molecular clock. If we employ the nonlinear clock model of evolutionary rates in which the rates are higher towards the recent, the population expansion was dated at around the event of desiccation of the lake ca. 17,000 YBP. Thus, we succeeded in clarifying the species and population structure of closely related Lake Victoria cichlids and in showing the importance of applying appropriate clock calibrations in elucidating recent evolutionary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semvua I Mzighani
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Schöfl G, Heckel DG, Groot AT. Time-shifted reproductive behaviours among fall armyworm (Noctuidae: Spodoptera frugiperda) host strains: evidence for differing modes of inheritance. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1447-59. [PMID: 19467132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda consists of two strains associated with different larval host plants (most notably corn and rice). These strains exhibit differential temporal patterns of female calling and copulation during scotophase, with the corn strain more active earlier in the night. We investigated strain-specific constraints in reproductive timing, mating interactions between the two strains, and the mode of inheritance of timing of female calling, male calling, copulation and oviposition. We observed an allochronic shift of all reproductive behaviours by approximately 3 h and a parallel shift of nonreproductive locomotor activity, suggesting involvement of the circadian clock. The corn strain was more variable in the timing of calling and copulation than the rice strain. Rice strain females were more restricted in the timing of copulation than rice strain males, while such differences between the sexes were not apparent in the corn strain. There were significant interactions between the strains affecting onset times of copulation and male calling. The four investigated reproductive traits differed in their modes of inheritance: timing of female and male calling exhibited strong maternal effects, timing of copulation was controlled by a combination of maternal effects and corn strain dominant autosomal factors, and timing of oviposition was inherited in a corn strain dominant fashion. We conclude that the allochronic separation of reproduction between fall armyworm strains is asymmetric, less pronounced than previously thought, and under complex genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schöfl
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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Groot AT, Inglis O, Bowdridge S, Santangelo RG, Blanco C, López JD, Vargas AT, Gould F, Schal C. Geographic and temporal variation in moth chemical communication. Evolution 2009; 63:1987-2003. [PMID: 19473383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In moth pheromone communication signals, both quantitative and qualitative intraspecific differences have been found across geographic regions. Such variation has generally been hypothesized to be due to selection, but evidence of genetic control of these differences is largely lacking. To explore the patterns of variation in pheromone signals, we quantified variation in the female sex pheromone blend and male responses of two closely related noctuid moth species in five different geographic regions for 2-3 consecutive years. We found significant variation in the ratios of sex pheromone blend components as well as in male response, not only between geographic regions but also within a region between consecutive years. The temporal variation was of a similar magnitude as the geographic variation. As far as we know, this is the first study reporting such temporal variation in moth chemical communication systems. The geographic variation seems to at least partly be controlled by genetic factors, and to be correlated with the quality of the local chemical environment. However, the pattern of temporal variation within populations suggests that optimization of the pheromonal signal also may be driven by within-generation physiological adjustments by the moths in response to their experience of the local chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T Groot
- North Carolina State University, Department of Entomology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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