1
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U Blanckenhorn W. Comment on Pruitt & Krauel 2010 by JEB EiC. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1988. [PMID: 34927305 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Muraco JJ, Monroe DJ, Aspbury AS, Gabor CR. Do Females in a Unisexual-Bisexual Species Complex Differ in Their Behavioral Syndromes and Cortisol Production? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030186. [PMID: 33802259 PMCID: PMC8001229 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In many species, including humans, individuals in a population have personalities: collections of correlated behaviors that are consistent across different environments (i.e., mating, eating). Personalities are affected by competitors for food or mates and the hormones produced by individuals). Competitors can include other individuals of the same species or closely related species. The all-female, Amazon molly is a hybrid species, and needs to coexist with one of its bisexual (males and females), parent species, to reproduce. One parent species of the Amazon molly is the sailfin molly. Female sailfin and Amazon mollies compete for access to males for mating and food which could affect the personalities of individuals of each species. We found that both species have similar personalities consisting of a correlation between exploration and activity. We did not detect a relationship between a stress response hormone, cortisol, and individual personality. However, the all-female Amazons had higher cortisol release rates than sailfins. Personalities may be similar due to genetic constraints that link these behaviors, and might benefit Amazons if this causes male sailfin mollies to mismate with them. However, the differences in cortisol release rates may be a useful mate identification cue for males to offset such mating mistakes. Abstract Studies of suites of correlated behavioral traits (i.e., behavioral syndromes) aid in understanding the adaptive importance of behavioral evolution. Behavioral syndromes may be evolutionarily constrained, preventing behaviors from evolving independently, or they may be an adaptive result of selection on the correlation itself. We tested these hypotheses by characterizing the behavioral syndromes in two sympatric, closely related species and testing for differences between the species. We studied the unisexual Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) and one of its bisexual, parent species, the sailfin molly (P. latipinna). Sympatric female sailfin and Amazon mollies compete for mating which could affect the behavioral syndromes found in each species. We identified a behavioral syndrome between exploration and activity in both species that did not differ between species. Additionally, we explored the relationship between a stress response hormone, cortisol, and behavioral type, and did not detect a relationship. However, P. formosa differed from P. latipinna in their cortisol release rates. Behavioral syndromes may be constrained in this complex, aiding in mate acquisition for P. formosa by virtue of having a similar behavioral type to P. latipinna. The difference between the females in cortisol release rates may be a useful mate identification cue for males to offset higher mating mistakes associated with the similar behavioral types.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Muraco
- Population and Conservation Biology Group, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (J.J.M.J.); (D.J.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Dillon J. Monroe
- Population and Conservation Biology Group, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (J.J.M.J.); (D.J.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Andrea S. Aspbury
- Population and Conservation Biology Group, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (J.J.M.J.); (D.J.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Caitlin R. Gabor
- Population and Conservation Biology Group, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (J.J.M.J.); (D.J.M.); (A.S.A.)
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
- Correspondence:
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3
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Honey bee aggression: evaluating causal links to disease-resistance traits and infection. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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4
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Golab MJ, Brodin T, Sniegula S. Two experimental designs generate contrasting patterns of behavioral differentiation along a latitudinal gradient in Lestes sponsa-Common-garden not so common after all? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10242-10253. [PMID: 33005379 PMCID: PMC7520208 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding why and how behavioral profiles differ across latitudes can help predict behavioral responses to environmental change. The first response to environmental change that an organism exhibits is commonly a behavioral response. Change in one behavior usually results in shifts in other correlated behaviors, which may adaptively or maladaptively vary across environments and/or time. However, one important aspect that is often neglected when studying behavioral expressions among populations is if/how the experimental design might affect the results. This is unfortunate since animals often plastically modify their behavior to the environment, for example, rearing conditions. We studied behavioral traits and trait correlations in larvae of a univoltine damselfly, Lestes sponsa, along its latitudinal distribution, spreading over 3,300 km. We compared behavioral profiles among larvae grown in two conditions: (a) native temperatures and photoperiods or (b) averaged constant temperatures and photoperiods (common-garden). We hypothesized latitudinal differences in behavioral traits regardless of the conditions in which larvae were grown, with northern populations expressing higher activity, boldness, and foraging efficiency. When grown in native conditions, northern larvae were bolder, more active and more effective in prey capture than central and low latitude populations, respectively, as well as showed the strongest behavioral correlations. In contrast, larvae reared in common-garden conditions showed no differences between regions in both individual traits and trait correlations. The results suggest different selective pressures acting on the studied traits across populations, with environment as a central determinant of the observed trait values. Common-garden designed experiments may evoke population-dependent levels of plastic response to the artificial conditions and, hence, generate results that lack ecological relevance when studying multi-population differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Golab
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Szymon Sniegula
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
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5
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Pacheco XP. How consistently do personality attributes relate to an individual’s position within a social network: a comparison across groups of captive meerkats. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Dhellemmes F, Finger JS, Laskowski KL, Guttridge TL, Krause J. Comparing behavioural syndromes across time and ecological conditions in a free-ranging predator. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Segev U, Foitzik S. Ant personalities and behavioral plasticity along a climatic gradient. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Han CS, Jablonski PG. Alternative reproductive tactics shape within-species variation in behavioral syndromes. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiple behaviors can correlate with each other at the individual level (behavioral syndrome), and behavioral syndromes can vary in their direction between populations within a species. Within-species variation in behavioral syndromes is predicted to be associated with alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), which evolve under different selection regimes. Here, we tested this using a water strider species, Gerris gracilicornis, in which males employ 2 ARTs that are fixed for life: signaling males (producing courtship ripples) versus nonsignaling males (producing no courtship ripples). We measured multiple behaviors in males with both of these ARTs and compared behavioral syndromes between them. Our results showed that signaling males were more active and attempted to mate more frequently than nonsignaling males. This shaped an overall behavioral syndrome between activities in mating and nonmating contexts when we pooled both ARTs. In addition, the behavioral syndromes between cautiousness and mating activity differed significantly between ARTs. In signaling males, the syndrome was significantly negative: signaling males more eager to mate tended to leave their refuges more rapidly. However, mating activity and cautiousness were not correlated in nonsignaling males. This might be because active males, in the context of predation risk and mating, were favored during the evolution and maintenance of the unique intimidating courtship tactic of G. gracilicornis males. Thus, our findings suggest that ARTs facilitate behavioral divergence and also contribute to the evolution of tactic-specific behavioral syndromes. We also show that research on ARTs and behavioral syndromes can be harmonized to study behavioral variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang S Han
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Piotr G Jablonski
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Raffard A, Cucherousset J, Prunier JG, Loot G, Santoul F, Blanchet S. Variability of functional traits and their syndromes in a freshwater fish species ( Phoxinus phoxinus): The role of adaptive and nonadaptive processes. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2833-2846. [PMID: 30891220 PMCID: PMC6405509 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional traits can covary to form "functional syndromes." Describing and understanding functional syndromes is an important prerequisite for predicting the effects of organisms on ecosystem functioning. At the intraspecific level, functional syndromes have recently been described, but very little is known about their variability among populations and-if they vary-what the ecological and evolutionary drivers of this variation are. Here, we quantified and compared the variability in four functional traits (body mass, metabolic rate, excretion rate, and boldness), their covariations and the subsequent syndromes among thirteen populations of a common freshwater fish (the European minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus). We then tested whether functional traits and their covariations, as well as the subsequent syndromes, were underpinned by the phylogenetic relatedness among populations (historical effects) or the local environment (i.e., temperature and predation pressure), and whether adaptive (selection or plasticity) or nonadaptive (genetic drift) processes sustained among-population variability. We found substantial among-population variability in functional traits and trait covariations, and in the emerging syndromes. We further found that adaptive mechanisms (plasticity and/or selection) related to water temperature and predation pressure modulated the covariation between body mass and metabolic rate. Other trait covariations were more likely driven by genetic drift, suggesting that nonadaptive processes can also lead to substantial differences in trait covariations among populations. Overall, we concluded that functional syndromes are population-specific, and that both adaptive and nonadaptive processes are shaping functional traits. Given the pivotal role of functional traits, differences in functional syndromes within species provide interesting perspectives regarding the role of intraspecific diversity for ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Raffard
- CNRS, UMR‐5321, Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à MoulisUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
- EcoLab, Université de ToulouseCNRS, INPT, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- CNRS, UMR‐5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Université Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Jérôme G. Prunier
- CNRS, UMR‐5321, Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à MoulisUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
| | - Géraldine Loot
- CNRS, UMR‐5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Université Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | | | - Simon Blanchet
- CNRS, UMR‐5321, Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à MoulisUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
- CNRS, UMR‐5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Université Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
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10
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Michelangeli M, Chapple DG, Goulet CT, Bertram MG, Wong BBM. Behavioral syndromes vary among geographically distinct populations in a reptile. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celine T Goulet
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Debecker S, Stoks R. Pace of life syndrome under warming and pollution: integrating life history, behavior, and physiology across latitudes. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Debecker
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology; KU Leuven (University of Leuven); Charles Deberiotstraat 32 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology; KU Leuven (University of Leuven); Charles Deberiotstraat 32 3000 Leuven Belgium
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12
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Michelangeli M, Goulet CT, Kang HS, Wong BBM, Chapple DG. Integrating thermal physiology within a syndrome: Locomotion, personality and habitat selection in an ectotherm. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine T. Goulet
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Hee S. Kang
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Bob B. M. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - David G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
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13
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Mullon C, Keller L, Lehmann L. Social polymorphism is favoured by the co-evolution of dispersal with social behaviour. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:132-140. [PMID: 29203923 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal determines gene flow among groups in a population and so plays a major role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. As gene flow shapes kin structure, dispersal is important to the evolution of social behaviours that influence reproduction within groups. Conversely, dispersal depends on kin structure and social behaviour. Dispersal and social behaviour therefore co-evolve, but the nature and consequences of this interplay are not well understood. Here, we show that it readily leads to the emergence of two social morphs: a sessile, benevolent morph expressed by individuals who tend to increase the reproduction of others within their group relative to their own; and a dispersive, self-serving morph expressed by individuals who tend to increase their own reproduction. This social polymorphism arises due to a positive linkage between the loci responsible for dispersal and social behaviour, leading to benevolent individuals preferentially interacting with relatives and self-serving individuals with non-relatives. We find that this linkage is favoured under a large spectrum of conditions, suggesting that associations between dispersal and other social traits should be common in nature. In line with this prediction, dispersers across a wide range of organisms have been reported to differ in their social tendencies from non-dispersers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mullon
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Lehmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Segev U, Burkert L, Feldmeyer B, Foitzik S. Pace-of-life in a social insect: behavioral syndromes in ants shift along a climatic gradient. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Závorka L, Koeck B, Cucherousset J, Brijs J, Näslund J, Aldvén D, Höjesjö J, Fleming IA, Johnsson JI. Co‐existence with non‐native brook trout breaks down the integration of phenotypic traits in brown trout parr. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174) CNRS Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174) CNRS Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Jeroen Brijs
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joacim Näslund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - David Aldvén
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Johan Höjesjö
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ian A. Fleming
- Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | - Jörgen I. Johnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Box 463 SE‐405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
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16
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Blight O, Villalta I, Cerdá X, Boulay R. Personality traits are associated with colony productivity in the gypsy ant Aphaenogaster senilis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Baker L, Lawrence MS, Toews M, Kuling S, Fraser D. Personality differences in a translocated population of endangered kangaroo rats (Dipodomys stephensi) and implications for conservation success. BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Personality affects how animals respond to challenging circumstances and may affect the success of conservation translocations. To assess personality in translocated Stephens’ kangaroo rats we exposed animals to a mirror to simulate a conspecific and to predator scent. Observers made subjective ratings of animals using 16 traits and recorded behaviour. We assayed faecal cortisol at time of capture and during captivity. We identified three personality dimensions: Assertiveness, Excitability, and Persistence. Individuals received similar scores for these dimensions in the two tests, suggesting consistent differences across context. High-Assertiveness animals showed risky behaviour, and had lower baseline cortisol. Assertiveness corresponds to ‘proactive-reactive coping’ described for other rodents. High-Excitability animals were scored as high for Anxious and Fearful; this dimension may correspond to ‘emotional-reactivity’ described in rats. Considering personality in translocations may allow selection of individuals who better cope with stressors, and may identify individuals needing special care to survive translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Baker
- Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
- College of the Environment, Wesleyan University, 284 High Street, Middletown, CT 06457, USA
| | - Michael S. Lawrence
- Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Mary Toews
- Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Sean Kuling
- Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - David Fraser
- Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
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18
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Urszán TJ, Garamszegi LZ, Nagy G, Hettyey A, Török J, Herczeg G. No personality without experience? A test on Rana dalmatina tadpoles. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5847-56. [PMID: 26811759 PMCID: PMC4717344 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
While the number of studies reporting the presence of individual behavioral consistency (animal personality, behavioral syndrome) has boomed in the recent years, there is still much controversy about the proximate and ultimate mechanisms resulting in the phenomenon. For instance, direct environmental effects during ontogeny (phenotypic plasticity) as the proximate mechanism behind the emergence of consistent individual differences in behavior are usually overlooked compared to environmental effects operating across generations (genetic adaptation). Here, we tested the effects of sociality and perceived predation risk during ontogeny on the strength of behavioral consistency in agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles in a factorial common garden experiment. Tadpoles reared alone and without predatory cues showed zero repeatability within (i.e., lack of personality) and zero correlation between (i.e., lack of syndrome) activity and risk-taking. On the other hand, cues from predators alone induced both activity and risk-taking personalities, while cues from predators and conspecifics together resulted in an activity - risk-taking behavioral syndrome. Our results show that individual experience has an unequivocal role in the emergence of behavioral consistency. In this particular case, the development of behavioral consistency was most likely the result of genotype × environment interactions, or with other words, individual variation in behavioral plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás J Urszán
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - László Z Garamszegi
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Estacion Biologica de Donana - CSIC c/Americo Vespucio, s/n Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group MTA ATK NÖVI Herman Ottó út 15 Budapest 1022 Hungary
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter sétány, 1/c Budapest H-1117 Hungary
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19
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Farine DR, Montiglio PO, Spiegel O. From Individuals to Groups and Back: The Evolutionary Implications of Group Phenotypic Composition. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:609-621. [PMID: 26411618 PMCID: PMC4594155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the processes that maintain phenotypic variation in groups, populations, or communities. Recent studies have investigated how the phenotypic composition of groups or aggregations (e.g., its average phenotype or phenotypic variance) affects ecological and social processes, and how multi-level selection can drive phenotypic covariance among interacting individuals. However, we argue that these questions are rarely studied together. We present a unified framework to address this gap, and discuss how group phenotypic composition (GPC) can impact on processes ranging from individual fitness to population demography. By emphasising the breadth of topics affected, we hope to motivate more integrated empirical studies of the ecological and evolutionary implications of GPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien R Farine
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá; Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Orr Spiegel
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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20
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Garamszegi LZ, Markó G, Szász E, Zsebők S, Azcárate M, Herczeg G, Török J. Among-year variation in the repeatability, within- and between-individual, and phenotypic correlations of behaviors in a natural population. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015; 69:2005-2017. [PMID: 26586925 PMCID: PMC4642588 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
When mean behaviors correlate among individuals, they form behavioral syndromes. One way to understand the evolution of such a group-level phenomenon is to compare horizontally patterns of correlations among populations (or species) or follow longitudinally the same population over years in the light of parallel differences in the environment. We applied the longitudinal approach to 8-year field data and analyzed phenotypic correlations, and their within- and between-individual components, among three behaviors (novelty avoidance, aggression, and risk-taking) in male collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis, in a meta-analytic framework. The phenotypic correlation between novelty avoidance and aggression varied heterogeneously (it was positive in some years, while it was negative in other years), while the other pair-wise correlations were consistently positive over the study period. We investigated four potential socio-ecological factors, and found evidence that the among-year alterations in the demographic structure of the population (density, age composition) can be responsible for the heterogeneous effect sizes. Comparing within- and between-individual correlations across pairs of traits, we found that the correlation between aggression and risk-taking at the among-individual level was the strongest suggesting that this relationship has the highest potential to form a behavioral syndrome. Within-year repeatabilities varied among traits, but were systematically higher than between-year repeatabilities. Our study highlights on an empirical basis that there can be several biological and statistical reasons behind detecting a phenotypic correlation in a study, but only few of these imply that fixed behavioral syndromes are maintained in a natural population. In fact, some correlations seem to be shaped by environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Zsolt Garamszegi
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, c/Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Gábor Markó
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology , Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary ; Department of Plant Pathology, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest Ménesi út 44, 1118 Budapest, Hungary ; MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétany 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szász
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology , Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Zsebők
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology , Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuel Azcárate
- Grupo Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas-CSIC, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology , Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology , Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Blight O, Albet Díaz-Mariblanca G, Cerdá X, Boulay R. A proactive–reactive syndrome affects group success in an ant species. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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22
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Alcalay Y, Scharf I, Ovadia O. Foraging syndromes and trait variation in antlions along a climatic gradient. Oecologia 2015; 178:1093-103. [PMID: 25764505 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral syndromes arise when individual behavior is correlated over time and/or across environmental contexts, often resulting in inter-population behavioral differences. Three main hypotheses have been suggested to explain the evolution of behavioral syndromes. The constraint hypothesis suggests that behaviors originate from a shared mechanism with a strong genetic or physiological basis. In contrast, according to the adaptive hypothesis, behavioral syndromes depend on specific selective pressures in each environment, and thus should evolve when specific behavioral combinations are advantageous. Finally, behavioral syndromes can also arise owing to neutral stochastic processes. We tested here for variation in the foraging syndromes of pit-building antlions originating from different populations along a climatic gradient. Although inter-population variation existed in some traits, foraging syndromes were similar across populations, supporting the constraint hypothesis. These findings suggest that stabilizing selection, acting on the foraging behavior of antlions during their larval phase, outweighs local selection pressures, resulting in "constraint syndromes." We also explored behavioral repeatability of foraging-related traits within and among habitats (natural, novel and disturbed habitats), and detected different levels of repeatability: pit diameter was more repeatable than response time to prey, followed by prey exploitation efficiency. Behavioral repeatability of the same trait differed according to context, suggesting that repeatability is a trait in itself and should not be considered identical even when studying the same behavioral trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehonatan Alcalay
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel,
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23
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Hebets EA, Hansen M, Jones TC, Wilgers DJ. Octopamine levels relate to male mating tactic expression in the wolf spider Rabidosa punctulata. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Jolles JW, Fleetwood-Wilson A, Nakayama S, Stumpe MC, Johnstone RA, Manica A. The role of social attraction and its link with boldness in the collective movements of three-spined sticklebacks. Anim Behav 2015; 99:147-153. [PMID: 25598543 PMCID: PMC4289919 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social animals must time and coordinate their behaviour to ensure the benefits of grouping, resulting in collective movements and the potential emergence of leaders and followers. However, individuals often differ consistently from one another in how they cope with their environment, a phenomenon known as animal personality, which may affect how individuals use coordination rules and requiring them to compromise. Here we tracked the movements of pairs of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, separated by a transparent partition that allowed them to observe and interact with one another in a context containing cover. Individuals differed consistently in their tendency to approach their partner's compartment during collective movements. The strength of this social attraction was positively correlated with the behavioural coordination between members of a pair but was negatively correlated with an individual's tendency to lead. Social attraction may form part of a broader behavioural syndrome as it was predicted by the boldness of an individual, measured in isolation prior to the observation of pairs, and by the boldness of the partner. We found that bolder fish, and those paired with bolder partners, tended to approach their partner's compartment less closely. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms that govern the dynamics and functioning of social groups and the emergence and maintenance of consistent behavioural differences. We investigated social attraction during the collective behaviour of pairs of fish. Social attraction was positively correlated with better coordination in the pair. Individual leadership was negatively linked with social attraction. Greater boldness predicted lower social attraction, suggesting a behavioural syndrome. The boldness of the partner also influenced the tendency for social attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolle W Jolles
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Shinnosuke Nakayama
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. ; Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany ; Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
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25
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Halpin RN, Johnson JC. A Continuum of Behavioral Plasticity in Urban and Desert Black Widows. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Halpin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences (2352); Arizona State University at the West Campus; 4701 W. Thunderbird Road Glendale AZ 85306 USA
| | - J. Chadwick Johnson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences (2352); Arizona State University at the West Campus; 4701 W. Thunderbird Road Glendale AZ 85306 USA
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26
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Grinsted L, Bacon J. Animal Behaviour: Task Differentiation by Personality in Spider Groups. Curr Biol 2014; 24:R749-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Wright CM, Holbrook CT, Pruitt JN. Animal personality aligns task specialization and task proficiency in a spider society. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9533-7. [PMID: 24979771 PMCID: PMC4084461 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400850111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic theory on division of labor implicitly assumes that task specialists are more proficient at their jobs than generalists and specialists in other tasks; however, recent data suggest that this might not hold for societies that lack discrete worker polymorphisms, which constitute the vast majority of animal societies. The facultatively social spider Anelosimus studiosus lacks castes, but females exhibit either a "docile" or "aggressive" phenotype. Here we observed the propensity of individual females of either phenotype to perform various tasks (i.e., prey capture, web building, parental care, and colony defense) in mixed-phenotype colonies. We then measured the performance outcomes of singleton individuals of either phenotype at each task to determine their proficiencies. Aggressive females participated more in prey capture, web building, and colony defense, whereas docile females engaged more in parental care. In staged trials, aggressive individuals were more effective at capturing prey, constructing webs, and defending the colony, whereas docile females were more effective at rearing large quantities of brood. Thus, individuals' propensity to perform tasks and their task proficiencies appear to be adaptively aligned in this system. Moreover, because the docile/aggressive phenotypes are heritable, these data suggest that within-colony variation is maintained because of advantages gleaned by division of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; and
| | - C Tate Holbrook
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Coastal Georgia, Brunswick, GA 31520
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; and
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28
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29
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Martins EP, Bhat A. Population-level personalities in zebrafish: aggression-boldness across but not within populations. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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30
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Lacasse J, Aubin-Horth N. Population-dependent conflict between individual sociability and aggressiveness. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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32
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Stahlschmidt Z, O'Leary ME, Adamo S. Food limitation leads to risky decision making and to tradeoffs with oviposition. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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33
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Royauté R, Buddle CM, Vincent C. Interpopulation Variations in Behavioral Syndromes of a Jumping Spider from Insecticide-Treated and Insecticide-Free Orchards. Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Royauté
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences; McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
- Horticultural Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu QC Canada
| | - Christopher M. Buddle
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences; McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - Charles Vincent
- Horticultural Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu QC Canada
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34
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Keiser CN, Pruitt JN. Spider aggressiveness determines the bidirectional consequences of host-inquiline interactions. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Morales JA, Cardoso DG, Della Lucia TMC, Guedes RNC. Weevil x Insecticide: Does 'Personality' Matter? PLoS One 2013; 8:e67283. [PMID: 23840652 PMCID: PMC3694026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An insect’s behavior is the expression of its integrated physiology in response to external and internal stimuli, turning insect behavior into a potential determinant of insecticide exposure. Behavioral traits may therefore influence insecticide efficacy against insects, compromising the validity of standard bioassays of insecticide activity, which are fundamentally based on lethality alone. By extension, insect ‘personality’ (i.e., an individual’s integrated set of behavioral tendencies that is inferred from multiple empirical measures) may also be an important determinant of insecticide exposure and activity. This has yet to be considered because the behavioral studies involving insects and insecticides focus on populations rather than on individuals. Even among studies of animal ‘personality’, the relative contributions of individual and population variation are usually neglected. Here, we assessed behavioral traits (within the categories: activity, boldness/shyness, and exploration/avoidance) of individuals from 15 populations of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), an important stored-grain pest with serious problems of insecticide resistance, and correlated the behavioral responses with the activity of the insecticide deltamethrin. This analysis was performed at both the population and individual levels. There was significant variation in weevil ‘personality’ among individuals and populations, but variation among individuals within populations accounted for most of the observed variation (92.57%). This result emphasizes the importance of individual variation in behavioral and ‘personality’ studies. When the behavioral traits assessed were correlated with median lethal time (LT50) at the population level and with the survival time under insecticide exposure, activity traits, particularly the distance walked, significantly increased survival time. Therefore, behavioral traits are important components of insecticide efficacy, and individual variation should be considered in such studies. This is so because population differences provided only crude approximation of the individual personality in a restrained experimental setting likely to restrict individual behavior favoring the transposition of the individual variation to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Morales
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danúbia G. Cardoso
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Raul Narciso C. Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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36
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Pruitt JN. A real-time eco-evolutionary dead-end strategy is mediated by the traits of lineage progenitors and interactions with colony invaders. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:879-86. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania; 15260; USA
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37
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Sweeney K, Gadd RDH, Hess ZL, McDermott DR, MacDonald L, Cotter P, Armagost F, Chen JZ, Berning AW, DiRienzo N, Pruitt JN. Assessing the Effects of Rearing Environment, Natural Selection, and Developmental Stage on the Emergence of a Behavioral Syndrome. Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Sweeney
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Ryan D. H. Gadd
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Zachary L. Hess
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Donna R. McDermott
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Leigh MacDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Patrick Cotter
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Fawn Armagost
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Jason Z. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Aric W. Berning
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Nicholas DiRienzo
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - Jonathan N. Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
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38
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39
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Foellmer MW, Khadka KK. Does personality explain variation in the probability of sexual cannibalism in the orb-web spider Argiope aurantia? BEHAVIOUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sexual cannibalism is often hypothesized to be an extreme manifestation of sexual conflict, yet we still lack a good understanding of the underlying motivation in most species. Hypotheses for the ultimate causes of sexual cannibalism either invoke the behavior as adaptive or mal-adaptive. Adaptive hypotheses consider foraging decisions, mate choice or genetic bet-hedging. Mal-adaptive hypotheses propose that sexual cannibalism is the result of mistaken species identity or the by-product of an aggression syndrome. Here, we test the latter hypothesis, that sexual cannibalism is the result of an aggression syndrome. This hypothesis states that aggressive behavior is favored in the foraging context because females benefit from achieving a large size quickly through an increase in fecundity, and it predicts that individuals that are aggressive foragers are more likely to attack a male and hence are at risk of receiving no or insufficient quantities of sperm. Few tests of this hypothesis are available to date, and only one involved a species with sexual cannibalism occurring after at least some sperm transfer. We test the hypothesis in Argiope aurantia, a species in which females frequently attack males during copulation. We estimated aggressiveness in the foraging context in penultimate and adults females and staged matings using the same females to evaluate whether aggressiveness during the foraging context predicts the likelihood of sexual cannibalism. Indeed, we find that aggressive foragers are more likely to attack their mates, but we conclude that other, possibly adaptive reasons for cannibalism exist as much of the uncertainty in cannibalism occurrence remained unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W. Foellmer
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
| | - Kapil K. Khadka
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
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40
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41
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Blumstein DT, Petelle MB, Wey TW. Defensive and social aggression: repeatable but independent. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Adriaenssens B, Johnsson JI. Natural selection, plasticity and the emergence of a behavioural syndrome in the wild. Ecol Lett 2012; 16:47-55. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Adriaenssens
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Jörgen I. Johnsson
- Animal Ecology; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 463; 40530; Gothenburg; Sweden
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43
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Pruitt JN, Oufiero CE, Avilés L, Riechert SE. Iterative evolution of increased behavioral variation characterizes the transition to sociality in spiders and proves advantageous. Am Nat 2012; 180:496-510. [PMID: 22976012 DOI: 10.1086/667576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of group living is regarded as a major evolutionary transition and is commonly met with correlated shifts in ancillary characters. We tested for associations between social tendency and a myriad of abiotic variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and behavioral traits (e.g., boldness, activity level, and aggression) in a clade of spiders that exhibit highly variable social structures (genus Anelosimus). We found that, relative to their subsocial relatives, social species tended to exhibit reduced aggressiveness toward prey, increased fearfulness toward predators, and reduced activity levels, and they tended to occur in warm, wet habitats with low average wind velocities. Within-species variation in aggressiveness and boldness was also positively associated with sociality. We then assessed the functional consequences of within-species trait variation on reconstituted colonies of four test species (Anelosimus eximius, Anelosimus rupununi, Anelosimus guacamayos, and Anelosimus oritoyacu). We used colonies consisting of known ratios of docile versus aggressive individuals and group foraging success as a measure of colony performance. In all four test species, we found that groups composed of a mixture of docile and aggressive individuals outperformed monotypic groups. Mixed groups were more effective at subduing medium and large prey, and mixed groups collectively gained more mass during shared feeding events. Our results suggest that the iterative evolution of depressed aggressiveness and increased within-species behavioral variation in social spiders is advantageous and could be an adaptation to group living that is analogous to the formation of morphological castes within the social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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45
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Herczeg G, Garamszegi LZ. Individual deviation from behavioural correlations: a simple approach to study the evolution of behavioural syndromes. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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46
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Pruitt JN, Iturralde G, Avilés L, Riechert SE. Amazonian social spiders share similar within-colony behavioural variation and behavioural syndromes. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Pruitt JN, Burghardt GM, Riechert SE. Non-Conceptive Sexual Behavior in Spiders: A Form of Play Associated with Body Condition, Personality Type, and Male Intrasexual Selection. Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Pruitt JN, Cote J, Ferrari MCO. Behavioural trait variants in a habitat-forming species dictate the nature of its interactions with and among heterospecifics. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Edenbrow M, Croft D. Behavioural types and life history strategies during ontogeny in the mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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50
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Pruitt JN, Ferrari MCO. Intraspecific trait variants determine the nature of interspecific interactions in a habitat-forming species. Ecology 2011; 92:1902-8. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0701.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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