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Pinzari CA, Bellinger MR, Price D, Bonaccorso FJ. Genetic diversity, structure, and effective population size of an endangered, endemic hoary bat, 'ōpe'ape'a, across the Hawaiian Islands. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14365. [PMID: 36718450 PMCID: PMC9884036 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Island bat species are disproportionately at risk of extinction, and Hawai'i's only native terrestrial land mammal, the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus) locally known as 'ōpe'ape'a, is no exception. To effectively manage this bat species with an archipelago-wide distribution, it is important to determine the population size on each island and connectivity between islands. We used 18 nuclear microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial gene from 339 individuals collected from 1988-2020 to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure and estimate effective population size on the Islands of Hawai'i, Maui, O'ahu, and Kaua'i. Genetic differentiation occurred between Hawai'i and Maui, both of which were differentiated from O'ahu and Kaua'i. The population on Maui presents the greatest per-island genetic diversity, consistent with their hypothesized status as the original founding population. A signature of isolation by distance was detected between islands, with contemporary migration analyses indicating limited gene flow in recent generations, and male-biased sex dispersal within Maui. Historical and long-term estimates of genetic effective population sizes were generally larger than contemporary estimates, although estimates of contemporary genetic effective population size lacked upper bounds in confidence intervals for Hawai'i and Kaua'i. Contemporary genetic effective population sizes were smaller on O'ahu and Maui. We also detected evidence of past bottlenecks on all islands with the exception of Hawai'i. Our study provides population-level estimates for the genetic diversity and geographic structure of 'ōpe'ape'a, that could be used by agencies tasked with wildlife conservation in Hawai'i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A. Pinzari
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America,Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hawaiʻi National Park, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - M. Renee Bellinger
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America,Hawaiʻi Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hawaiʻi National Park, Hawaiʻi, United States of America,Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiʻi National Park, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
| | - Donald Price
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaiʻi, United States of America,School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada - Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States of America
| | - Frank J. Bonaccorso
- Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiʻi National Park, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
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Pinzari CA, Kang L, Michalak P, Jermiin LS, Price DK, Bonaccorso FJ. Analysis of Genomic Sequence Data Reveals the Origin and Evolutionary Separation of Hawaiian Hoary Bat Populations. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1504-1514. [PMID: 32853363 PMCID: PMC7543519 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the genetic history and population status of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus semotus), the most isolated bats on Earth, and their relationship to northern hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), through whole-genome analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms mapped to a de novo-assembled reference genome. Profiles of genomic diversity and divergence indicate that Hawaiian hoary bats are distinct from northern hoary bats, and form a monophyletic group, indicating a single ancestral colonization event 1.34 Ma, followed by substantial divergence between islands beginning 0.51 Ma. Phylogenetic analysis indicates Maui is central to the radiation across the archipelago, with the southward expansion to Hawai'i and westward to O'ahu and Kaua'i. Because this endangered species is of conservation concern, a clearer understanding of the population genetic structure of this bat in the Hawaiian Islands is of timely importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Kang
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Lars S Jermiin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donald K Price
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
| | - Frank J Bonaccorso
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI
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Genetic diversity and differentiation among insular honey bee populations in the southwest Indian Ocean likely reflect old geographical isolation and modern introductions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189234. [PMID: 29281653 PMCID: PMC5744932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With globalization the Western honey bee has become a nearly cosmopolitan species, but it was originally restricted to the Old World. This renowned model of biodiversity has diverged into five evolutionary lineages and several geographic “subspecies.” If Apis mellifera unicolor is indubitably an African subspecies endemic to Madagascar, its relationship with honey bees from three archipelagos in the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) hotspot of biodiversity is misunderstood. We compared recent mtDNA diversity data to an original characterization of the nuclear diversity from honey bees in the Mascarenes and Comoros archipelagos, using 14 microsatellites, but also additional mtDNA tRNALeu-cox2 analysis. Our sampling offers the most comprehensive dataset for the SWIO populations with a total of 3,270 colonies from 10 islands compared with 855 samples from Madagascar, 113 from Africa, and 138 from Europe. Comprehensive mitochondrial screening confirmed that honey bees from La Réunion, Mauritius, and Comoros archipelagos are mainly of African origin (88.1% out of 2,746 colonies) and that coexistence with European lineages occurs only in the Mascarenes. PCA, Bayesian, and genetic differentiation analysis showed that African colonies are not significantly distinct on each island, but have diversified among islands and archipelagos. FST levels progressively decreased in significance from European and African continental populations, to SWIO insular and continental populations, and finally among islands from the same archipelago. Among African populations, Madagascar shared a nuclear background with and was most closely related to SWIO island populations (except Rodrigues). Only Mauritius Island presented clear cytoplasmic disequilibrium and genetic structure characteristic of an admixed population undergoing hybridization, in this case, between A. m. unicolor and A. m. ligustica, A. m. carnica and A. m. mellifera-like individuals. Finally, global genetic clustering analysis helped to better depict the colonization and introduction pattern of honey bee populations in these archipelagos.
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Naidoo T, Schoeman MC, Goodman SM, Taylor PJ, Lamb JM. Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure in the bat Chaerephon pumilus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from southern Africa. Mamm Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McLeod B, Burns L, Frasier T, Broders H. Effect of oceanic straits on gene flow in the recently endangered little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) in maritime Canada: implications for the spread of white-nose syndrome. CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
White-nose syndrome is rapidly spreading in eastern North America, causing mass mortality of hibernating bats. We characterized levels of genetic diversity and population structure of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831)) in eastern Canada to infer the extent to which oceanic straits may be barriers to movement. To quantify metrics of gene flow and infer movement dynamics, we genotyped 679 M. lucifugus at nine nuclear microsatellites (nDNA) and sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We found high levels of genetic diversity and little population structure, with ≈13-fold higher differentiation of mtDNA than nDNA markers, suggesting that structuring patterns largely result from female philopatry. Discriminant analysis of principle components suggested that the subtle underlying structure was not concordant with sampling site. Regional differentiation (FST, Dest, Mantel test residuals) is mostly consistent with genetic isolation by distance. However, samples from Newfoundland showed genetic differentiation over and above the effects of distance, lower levels of genetic diversity, and less genetic connectivity with other sampled regions. Despite this, oceanic straits in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence do not appear to create an impenetrable barrier to movement, therefore it may be possible for white-nose syndrome to spread to Newfoundland.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.A. McLeod
- Saint Mary’s University, Biology Department, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
- Nova Scotia Museum, 1747 Summer Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3A6, Canada
| | - L.E. Burns
- Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - T.R. Frasier
- Saint Mary’s University, Biology Department, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - H.G. Broders
- Saint Mary’s University, Biology Department, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
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Christidis L, Goodman SM, Naughton K, Appleton B. Insights into the evolution of a cryptic radiation of bats: dispersal and ecological radiation of Malagasy Miniopterus (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e92440. [PMID: 24642892 PMCID: PMC3958536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen a proliferation of new species of Miniopterus bats (family Miniopteridae) recognized from Madagascar and the neighboring Comoros archipelago. The interspecific relationships of these taxa, their colonization history, and the evolution of this presumed adaptive radiation have not been sufficiently explored. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene, we present a phylogeny of the Malagasy members of this widespread Old World genus, based on 218 sequences, of which 82 are new and 136 derived from previous studies. Phylogenetic analyses recovered 18 clades, which divide into five primary lineages: (1) M. griveaudi; (2) M. mahafaliensis, M. sororculus and X3; (3) M. majori, M. gleni and M. griffithsi; (4) M. brachytragos; M. aelleniA, and M. aelleniB; and (5) M. manavi and M. petersoni recovered as sister species, which were in turn linked to a group comprising M. egeri and five genetically distinct populations referred to herein as P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7. Beast analysis indicated that the initial divergence within the Malagasy Miniopterus radiation took place 4.5 Myr; most species diverged between 4 and 2.5 Myr, and a secondary period was between 1.25 and 1 Myr. DNA K2P-distances between recognized taxa ranged from 12.9% to 2.5% and intraspecific variation was less than 1.8%. Of the 18 identified clades, Latin binomials are only associated with 11, which indicates much greater differentiation than currently recognized for Malagasy Miniopterus. These data are placed in a context of the dispersal history of this genus on the island and patterns of ecological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Les Christidis
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Kate Naughton
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Appleton
- Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
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Tortosa P, Dsouli N, Gomard Y, Ramasindrazana B, Dick CW, Goodman SM. Evolutionary history of Indian Ocean nycteribiid bat flies mirroring the ecology of their hosts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75215. [PMID: 24086470 PMCID: PMC3785519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats and their parasites are increasingly investigated for their role in maintenance and transmission of potentially emerging pathogens. The islands of the western Indian Ocean hold nearly 50 bat species, mostly endemic and taxonomically well studied. However, investigation of associated viral, bacterial, and external parasites has lagged behind. In the case of their ectoparasites, more detailed information should provide insights into the evolutionary history of their hosts, as well as pathogen cycles in these wild animals. Here we investigate species of Nycteribiidae, a family of obligate hematophagous wingless flies parasitizing bats. Using morphological and molecular approaches, we describe fly species diversity sampled on Madagascar and the Comoros for two cave-roosting bat genera with contrasting ecologies: Miniopterus and Rousettus. Within the sampling area, 11 endemic species of insect-feeding Miniopterus occur, two of which are common to Madagascar and Comoros, while fruit-consuming Rousettus are represented by one species endemic to each of these zones. Morphological and molecular characterization of flies reveals that nycteribiids associated with Miniopterus bats comprise three species largely shared by most host species. Flies of M. griveaudi, one of the two bats found on Madagascar and certain islands in the Comoros, belong to the same taxon, which accords with continued over-water population exchange of this bat species and the lack of inter-island genetic structuring. Flies parasitizing Rousettus belong to two distinct species, each associated with a single host species, again in accordance with the distribution of each endemic bat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Tortosa
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l’Océan Indien, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Najla Dsouli
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l’Océan Indien, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Yann Gomard
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l’Océan Indien, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Beza Ramasindrazana
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l’Océan Indien, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de La Réunion, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Carl W. Dick
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagasca
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Identification of novel paramyxoviruses in insectivorous bats of the Southwest Indian Ocean. Virus Res 2012; 170:159-63. [PMID: 22982204 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for many emerging zoonotic viruses. In this study, we screened 197 animals from 15 different bat species of the Southwest Indian Ocean for paramyxovirus infection and identified paramyxoviruses in five insectivorous bat-species from the Union of the Comoros (3/66), Mauritius (1/55) and Madagascar (4/76). Viral isolation was possible via cell culture and phylogenetic analysis revealed these viruses clustered in a Morbillivirus-related lineage, with relatively high nucleotide sequence similarity to other recently discovered insectivorous-bat paramyxoviruses but distinct from those known to circulate in frugivorous bats.
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Spatial and temporal arrival patterns of Madagascar's vertebrate fauna explained by distance, ocean currents, and ancestor type. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:5352-7. [PMID: 22431643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113993109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How, when, and from where Madagascar's vertebrates arrived on the island is poorly known, and a comprehensive explanation for the distribution of its organisms has yet to emerge. We begin to break that impasse by analyzing vertebrate arrival patterns implied by currently existing taxa. For each of 81 clades, we compiled arrival date, source, and ancestor type (obligate freshwater, terrestrial, facultative swimmer, or volant). We analyzed changes in arrival rates, with and without adjusting for clade extinction. Probability of successful transoceanic dispersal is negatively correlated with distance traveled and influenced by ocean currents and ancestor type. Obligate rafters show a decrease in probability of successful transoceanic dispersal from the Paleocene onward, reaching the lowest levels after the mid-Miocene. This finding is consistent with a paleoceanographic model [Ali JR, Huber M (2010) Nature 463:653-656] that predicts Early Cenozoic surface currents periodically conducive to rafting or swimming from Africa, followed by a reconfiguration to present-day flow 15-20 million years ago that significantly diminished the ability for transoceanic dispersal to Madagascar from the adjacent mainland.
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RAMASINDRAZANA BEZA, GOODMAN STEVENM, SCHOEMAN MCORRIE, APPLETON BELINDA. Identification of cryptic species ofMiniopterusbats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros using bioacoustics overlaid on molecular genetic and morphological characters. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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