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Bennett S, Girndt A, Sánchez-Tójar A, Burke T, Simons M, Schroeder J. Evidence of Paternal Effects on Telomere Length Increases in Early Life. Front Genet 2022; 13:880455. [PMID: 35656320 PMCID: PMC9152208 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of older parents in many species have decreased longevity, a faster ageing rate and lower fecundity than offspring born to younger parents. Biomarkers of ageing, such as telomeres, that tend to shorten as individuals age, may provide insight into the mechanisms of such parental age effects. Parental age may be associated with offspring telomere length either directly through inheritance of shortened telomeres or indirectly, for example, through changes in parental care in older parents affecting offspring telomere length. Across the literature there is considerable variation in estimates of the heritability of telomere length, and in the direction and extent of parental age effects on telomere length. To address this, we experimentally tested how parental age is associated with the early-life telomere dynamics of chicks at two time points in a captive population of house sparrows Passer domesticus. We experimentally separated parental age from sex effects, and removed effects of age-assortative mating, by allowing the parent birds to only mate with young, or old partners. The effect of parental age was dependent on the sex of the parent and the chicks, and was found in the father-daughter relationship only; older fathers produced daughters with longer telomere lengths post-fledging. Overall we found that chick telomere length increased between the age of 0.5 and 3 months at the population and individual level. This finding is unusual in birds with such increases more commonly associated with non-avian taxa. Our results suggest parental age effects on telomere length are sex-specific either through indirect or direct inheritance. The study of similar patterns in different species and taxa will help us further understand variation in telomere length and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bennett
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Antje Girndt
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfredo Sánchez-Tójar
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Terry Burke
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mirre Simons
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schroeder
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Alif Ž, Dunning J, Chik HYJ, Burke T, Schroeder J. What is the best fitness measure in wild populations? A case study on the power of short-term fitness proxies to predict reproductive value. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260905. [PMID: 35452482 PMCID: PMC9032343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fitness is at the core of evolutionary theory, but it is difficult to measure accurately. One way to measure long-term fitness is by calculating the individual’s reproductive value, which represents the expected number of allele copies an individual passes on to distant future generations. However, this metric of fitness is scarcely used because the estimation of individual’s reproductive value requires long-term pedigree data, which is rarely available in wild populations where following individuals from birth to death is often impossible. Wild study systems therefore use short-term fitness metrics as proxies, such as the number of offspring produced. This study compared two frequently used short-term metrics for fitness obtained at different offspring life stages (eggs, hatchlings, fledglings and recruits), and compared their ability to predict reproductive values derived from the genetic pedigree of a wild passerine bird population. We used twenty years of precise field observations and a near-complete genetic pedigree to calculate reproductive success, individual growth rate and de-lifed fitness as lifetime fitness measures, and as annual de-lifed fitness. We compared the power of these metrics to predict reproductive values and lineage survival to the end of the study period. The three short-term fitness proxies predict the reproductive values and lineage survival only when measured at the recruit stage. There were no significant differences between the different fitness proxies at the same offspring stages in predicting the reproductive values and lineage survival. Annual fitness at one year old predicted reproductive values equally well as lifetime de-lifed fitness. However, none of the short-term fitness proxies were strongly associated with the reproductive values. The commonly used short-term fitness proxies best predict long-term fitness when measured at recruitment stage. Thus, because lifetime fitness measured at recruit stage and annual fitness in the first year of life were the best proxies of long-term fitness in short-lived birds, we encourage their future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živa Alif
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jamie Dunning
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Heung Ying Janet Chik
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Schroeder
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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3
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Differential effects of steroid hormones on levels of broad-sense heritability in a wild bird: possible mechanism of environment × genetic variance interaction? Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:63-76. [PMID: 34921237 PMCID: PMC8733014 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is one of the key concepts in evolutionary biology and an important prerequisite of evolutionary change. However, we know very little about processes that modulate its levels in wild populations. In particular, we still are to understand why genetic variances often depend on environmental conditions. One of possible environment-sensitive modulators of observed levels of genetic variance are maternal effects. In this study we attempt to experimentally test the hypothesis that maternally transmitted agents (e.g. hormones) may influence the expression of genetic variance in quantitative traits in the offspring. We manipulated the levels of steroid hormones (testosterone and corticosterone) in eggs laid by blue tits in a wild population. Our experimental setup allowed for full crossing of genetic and rearing effects with the experimental manipulation. We observed that birds treated with corticosterone exhibited a significant decrease in broad-sense genetic variance of tarsus length, and an increase in this component in body mass on the 2nd day post-hatching. Our study indicates, that maternally transmitted substances such as hormones may have measurable impact on the levels of genetic variance and hence, on the evolutionary potential of quantitative traits.
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4
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Fay R, Ravussin PA, Arrigo D, von Rönn JAC, Schaub M. Age-specific reproduction in female pied flycatchers: evidence for asynchronous aging. Oecologia 2021; 196:723-734. [PMID: 34173894 PMCID: PMC8292251 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related variation in reproductive performance is central for the understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary processes. Our understanding of age trajectories in vital rates has long been limited by the lack of distinction between patterns occurring within- and among-individuals, and by the lack of comparative studies of age trajectories among traits. Thus, it is poorly understood how sets of demographic traits change within individuals according to their age. Based on 40 years of monitoring, we investigated age-related variation in five reproductive traits in female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) including laying date, clutch size, brood size, nest success (probability that a nest produces at least one chick) and egg success of successful nests (proportion of eggs resulting in a chick). We disentangled within- from among-individual processes and assessed the relative contribution of within-individual age-specific changes and selective appearance and disappearance. Finally, we compared the aging pattern among these five reproductive traits. We found strong evidence for age-specific performance including both early-life improvement and late-life decline in all reproductive traits but the egg success. Furthermore, the aging patterns varied substantially among reproductive traits both for the age of peak performance and for the rates of early-life improvement and late-life decline. The results show that age trajectories observed at the population level (cross-sectional analysis) may substantially differ from those occurring at the individual level and illustrate the complexity of variation in aging patterns across traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fay
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, CH-6204, Sempach, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Jan A C von Rönn
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, CH-6204, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schaub
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, CH-6204, Sempach, Switzerland
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5
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Fay R, Schaub M, Border JA, Henderson IG, Fahl G, Feulner J, Horch P, Müller M, Rebstock H, Shitikov D, Tome D, Vögeli M, Grüebler MU. Evidence for senescence in survival but not in reproduction in a short-lived passerine. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5383-5390. [PMID: 32607160 PMCID: PMC7319115 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence has been studied since a long time by theoreticians in ecology and evolution, but empirical support in natural population has only recently been accumulating. One of the current challenges is the investigation of senescence of multiple fitness components and the study of differences between sexes. Until now, studies have been more frequently conducted on females than on males and rather in long-lived than in short-lived species. To reach a more fundamental understanding of the evolution of senescence, it is critical to investigate age-specific survival and reproduction performance in both sexes and in a large range of species with contrasting life histories. In this study, we present results on patterns of age-specific and sex-specific variation in survival and reproduction in the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a short-lived passerine. We compiled individual-based long-term datasets from seven populations that were jointly analyzed within a Bayesian modeling framework. We found evidence for senescence in survival with a continuous decline after the age of 1 year, but no evidence of reproductive senescence. Furthermore, we found no clear evidence for sex effects on these patterns. We discuss these results in light of previous studies documenting senescence in short-lived birds. We note that most of them have been conducted in populations breeding in nest boxes, and we question the potential effect of the nest boxes on the shape of age-reproductive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fay
- Swiss Ornithological InstituteSempachSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Petra Horch
- Swiss Ornithological InstituteSempachSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Dmitry Shitikov
- Zoology and Ecology DepartmentMoscow Pedagogical State UniversityMoscowRussia
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6
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Lieshout SHJ, Froy H, Schroeder J, Burke T, Simons MJP, Dugdale HL. Slicing: A sustainable approach to structuring samples for analysis in long‐term studies. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sil H. J. Lieshout
- School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Hannah Froy
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Julia Schroeder
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Mirre J. P. Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- The Bateson Centre University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Hannah L. Dugdale
- School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
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7
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Marques FMFR, La Falce JL, Marques JMR, De Muylder CF. The relationship between stress and maturity in knowledge management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-06-2018-1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationships among organizational stress, disengagement from knowledge sharing and knowledge management maturity in a public institution of higher education in Brazil.
Design/methodology/approach
Descriptive and quantitative means were used; in particular, a questionnaire developed by Batista (2012), the Instrument for Knowledge Management Assessment in the Brazilian Public Administration, a scale developed by Ford and Staples (2008) to measure the disengagement from knowledge sharing and the Occupational Stress Scale, developed by Paschoal and Tamayo (2004) were used to collect data. A multivariate analysis was performed, including the use of structural equation modeling to relate the constructs to each other.
Findings
A positive significance was found in the relationships between organizational stress and disengagement from knowledge sharing and between stress and maturity in knowledge management. This finding supports the suggestion of Ford et al. (2015) that health, a key indicator, is directly related to disengagement from knowledge sharing.
Research limitations/implications
This study adopted a cross-sectional design, so a longitudinal or experimental research may discover other insights.
Originality/value
These results will be interesting to managers because stress management initiatives can help guide or identify opportunities to improve maturity in knowledge management and knowledge sharing.
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8
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Ihle M, Pick JL, Winney IS, Nakagawa S, Schroeder J, Burke T. Rearing Success Does Not Improve With Apparent Pair Coordination in Offspring Provisioning. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Matsushima W, Brink K, Schroeder J, Miska EA, Gapp K. Mature sperm small-RNA profile in the sparrow: implications for transgenerational effects of age on fitness. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz007. [PMID: 31139435 PMCID: PMC6527922 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm RNA has recently received a lot of interest due to its involvement in epigenetic germline inheritance. Studies of epigenetic germline inheritance have shown that environmental exposures can induce effects in the offspring without altering the DNA sequence of germ cells. Most mechanistic studies were conducted in laboratory rodents and C.elegans while observational studies confirm the phenotypic phenomenon in wild populations of humans and other species including birds. Prominently, paternal age in house sparrows affects offspring fitness, yet the mechanism is unknown. This study provides a first reference of house sparrow sperm small RNA as an attempt to uncover their role in the transmission of the effects of paternal age on the offspring. In this small-scale pilot, we found no statistically significant differences between miRNA and tRNA fragments in aged and prime sparrow sperm. These results indicate a role of other epigenetic information carriers, such as distinct RNA classes, RNA modifications, DNA methylation and retained histones, and a clear necessity of future studies in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayo Matsushima
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Kristiana Brink
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Julia Schroeder
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Eric A Miska
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Katharina Gapp
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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10
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DINIZ CARLOSA, FERREIRA VILMAM, SILVA CLÍSSIABDA, BARBOSA GERALDOV, ARAÚJO NETO JOÃOCDE, SANTOS JOÃOMDOS. Production and performance of sugarcane seeds (caryopses) from different hybridizations involving RB92579. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:3243-3248. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Dupont P, Allainé D, Cohas A, Pradel R. Testing determinants of the annual individual fitness: An overall mean mixture model for de‐lifing data. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dupont
- CNRSUMR 5558 ‘Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive’Université de LyonUniversité Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Dominique Allainé
- CNRSUMR 5558 ‘Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive’Université de LyonUniversité Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Aurélie Cohas
- CNRSUMR 5558 ‘Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive’Université de LyonUniversité Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Roger Pradel
- CEFEUMR 5175CNRSUniversité de MontpellierUniversité Paul‐Valéry MontpellierEPHE Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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12
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Vedder O, Bouwhuis S. Heterogeneity in individual quality in birds: overall patterns and insights from a study on common terns. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Vedder
- Inst. of Avian Research ‘Vogelwarte Helgoland’, An der Vogelwarte 21, DE-26386; Wilhelmshaven Germany
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen, PO Box 11103; NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Bouwhuis
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen, PO Box 11103; NL-9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
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13
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Winney IS, Schroeder J, Nakagawa S, Hsu YH, Simons MJP, Sánchez-Tójar A, Mannarelli ME, Burke T. Heritability and social brood effects on personality in juvenile and adult life-history stages in a wild passerine. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:75-87. [PMID: 29044885 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
How has evolution led to the variation in behavioural phenotypes (personalities) in a population? Knowledge of whether personality is heritable, and to what degree it is influenced by the social environment, is crucial to understanding its evolutionary significance, yet few estimates are available from natural populations. We tracked three behavioural traits during different life-history stages in a pedigreed population of wild house sparrows. Using a quantitative genetic approach, we demonstrated heritability in adult exploration, and in nestling activity after accounting for fixed effects, but not in adult boldness. We did not detect maternal effects on any traits, but we did detect a social brood effect on nestling activity. Boldness, exploration and nestling activity in this population did not form a behavioural syndrome, suggesting that selection could act independently on these behavioural traits in this species, although we found no consistent support for phenotypic selection on these traits. Our work shows that repeatable behaviours can vary in their heritability and that social context influences personality traits. Future efforts could separate whether personality traits differ in heritability because they have served specific functional roles in the evolution of the phenotype or because our concept of personality and the stability of behaviour needs to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Winney
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Schroeder
- Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - S Nakagawa
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Y-H Hsu
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M J P Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Sánchez-Tójar
- Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - M-E Mannarelli
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - T Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Razali H, O'Connor E, Drews A, Burke T, Westerdahl H. A quantitative and qualitative comparison of illumina MiSeq and 454 amplicon sequencing for genotyping the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in a non-model species. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:346. [PMID: 28754172 PMCID: PMC5534077 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-throughput sequencing enables high-resolution genotyping of extremely duplicated genes. 454 amplicon sequencing (454) has become the standard technique for genotyping the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in non-model organisms. However, illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing (MiSeq), which offers a much higher read depth, is now superseding 454. The aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the performance of MiSeq in relation to 454 for genotyping MHC class I alleles using a house sparrow (Passer domesticus) dataset with pedigree information. House sparrows provide a good study system for this comparison as their MHC class I genes have been studied previously and, consequently, we had prior expectations concerning the number of alleles per individual. Results We found that 454 and MiSeq performed equally well in genotyping amplicons with low diversity, i.e. amplicons from individuals that had fewer than 6 alleles. Although there was a higher rate of failure in the 454 dataset in resolving amplicons with higher diversity (6–9 alleles), the same genotypes were identified by both 454 and MiSeq in 98% of cases. Conclusions We conclude that low diversity amplicons are equally well genotyped using either 454 or MiSeq, but the higher coverage afforded by MiSeq can lead to this approach outperforming 454 in amplicons with higher diversity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2654-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haslina Razali
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anna Drews
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helena Westerdahl
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Hsu YH, Simons MJP, Schroeder J, Girndt A, Winney IS, Burke T, Nakagawa S. Age-dependent trajectories differ between within-pair and extra-pair paternity success. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:951-959. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Hsu
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- Department of Life Science; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - M. J. P. Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - J. Schroeder
- Evolutionary Biology; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Seewiesen Germany
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Ascot Berkshire UK
| | - A. Girndt
- Evolutionary Biology; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Seewiesen Germany
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Ascot Berkshire UK
| | - I. S. Winney
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- Evolutionary Biology; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Seewiesen Germany
| | - T. Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - S. Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
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16
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Schroeder J, Hsu YH, Winney I, Simons M, Nakagawa S, Burke T. Predictably Philandering Females Prompt Poor Paternal Provisioning. Am Nat 2016; 188:219-30. [PMID: 27420786 DOI: 10.1086/687243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
One predicted cost of female infidelity in socially monogamous species is that cuckolded males should provide less parental care. This relationship is robust across species, but evidence is ambiguous within species. We do not know whether individual males reduce their care when paired with cheating females compared with when paired with faithful females (within-male adjustment) or, alternatively, if the males that pair with cheating females are the same males that provide less parental care in general (between-male effect). Our exceptionally extensive long-term data set of repeated observations of a wild passerine allows us to disentangle paternal care adjustment within males-within pairs and between males-while accounting for environmental variables. We found a within-male adjustment of paternal provisioning, but not incubation effort, relative to the cuckoldry in their nest. This effect was mainly driven by females differing consistently in their fidelity. There was no evidence that this within-male adjustment also took place across broods with the same female, and we found no between-male effect. Interestingly, males that gained more extrapair paternity provided less care. Data from a cross-foster experiment suggested that males did not use kin recognition to assess paternity. Our results provide insight into the role of individual variation in parental care and mating systems.
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17
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Senescence in the wild: Insights from a long-term study on Seychelles warblers. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Simons MJP, Winney I, Nakagawa S, Burke T, Schroeder J. Limited catching bias in a wild population of birds with near-complete census information. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3500-6. [PMID: 26380681 PMCID: PMC4569043 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal research often relies on catching wild animals; however, individuals may have different trappability, and this can generate bias. We studied bias in mist netting, the main method for catching wild birds. The unusually high resighting rate in our study population-house sparrows (Passer domesticus) on Lundy Island (England)-allowed us to obtain accurate estimates of the population size. This unique situation enabled us to test for catching bias in mist netting using deviations from the expected Poisson distribution. There was no evidence that a fraction of the birds in the population consistently remained uncaught. However, we detected a different bias: More birds than expected were captured only once within a year. This bias probably resulted from a mixture of fieldworkers sometimes ignoring rapid recaptures and birds becoming net shy after their first capture. We had sufficient statistical power with the available data to detect a substantial uncaught fraction. Therefore, our data are probably unbiased toward catching specific individuals from our population. Our analyses demonstrate that intensively monitored natural insular populations, in which population size can be estimated precisely, provide the potential to address important unanswered questions without concerns about a fraction of the population remaining uncaught. Our approach can help researchers to test for catching bias in closely monitored wild populations for which reliable estimates of population size and dispersal are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirre J P Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Isabel Winney
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK ; Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia ; Department of Zoology, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Julia Schroeder
- Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen, DE-82319, Germany
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Bouwhuis S, Vedder O, Becker PH. Sex-specific pathways of parental age effects on offspring lifetime reproductive success in a long-lived seabird. Evolution 2015; 69:1760-71. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bouwhuis
- Institute of Avian Research; An der Vogelwarte 21; D-26386 Wilhelmshaven Germany
| | - Oscar Vedder
- Institute of Avian Research; An der Vogelwarte 21; D-26386 Wilhelmshaven Germany
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences; University of Groningen; PO Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Becker
- Institute of Avian Research; An der Vogelwarte 21; D-26386 Wilhelmshaven Germany
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20
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Hsu YH, Schroeder J, Winney I, Burke T, Nakagawa S. Are extra-pair males different from cuckolded males? A case study and a meta-analytic examination. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1558-71. [PMID: 25706253 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional models for female extra-pair matings assume that females benefit indirectly from extra-pair mating behaviour. Under these so-called adaptive models, extra-pair males are hypothesized to have more compatible genotypes, larger body size, exaggerated ornaments or to be older than cuckolded males. Alternatively, ('nonadaptive') models that consider female extra-pair matings to be a by-product posit that female extra-pair mating can be maintained even if there is no benefit to females. This could happen if, for example, males gained fitness benefits from extra-pair mating, while female and male extra-pair mating behaviours were genetically correlated. Extra-pair males are also expected to be older and larger if this improves their ability to convince or coerce females to mate. We investigated whether a female's extra-pair mates differed from her cuckolded mate in both genetic and phenotypic traits by analysing data from an insular house sparrow population. We found that extra-pair males were older than cuckolded males, consistent with both models. However, in contrast to the expectations from from adaptive models, extra-pair and cuckolded males were of similar genetic relatedness, and hence expected compatibility, with the female, and had comparable body size and secondary sexual traits. We also updated previous meta-analyses examining differences between extra-pair and cuckolded males. The meta-analytic results matched results from our house sparrow case study. Although we cannot completely exclude indirect benefits for females, nonadaptive models may better explain female extra-pair matings. These neglected alternative models deserve more research attention, and this should improve our understanding of the evolution of mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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21
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Abstract
A nongenetic, transgenerational effect of parental age on offspring fitness has been described in many taxa in the laboratory. Such a transgenerational fitness effect will have important influences on population dynamics, population age structure, and the evolution of aging and lifespan. However, effects of parental age on offspring lifetime fitness have never been demonstrated in a natural population. We show that parental age has sex-specific negative effects on lifetime fitness, using data from a pedigreed insular population of wild house sparrows. Birds whose parents were older produced fewer recruits annually than birds with younger parents, and the reduced number of recruits translated into a lifetime fitness difference. Using a long-term cross-fostering experiment, we demonstrate that this parental age effect is unlikely to be the result of changes in the environment but that it potentially is epigenetically inherited. Our study reveals the hidden consequences of late-life reproduction that persist into the next generation.
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22
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Schwagmeyer PL. Partner switching can favour cooperation in a biological market. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1765-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Hsu YH, Schroeder J, Winney I, Burke T, Nakagawa S. Costly infidelity: low lifetime fitness of extra-pair offspring in a passerine bird. Evolution 2014; 68:2873-84. [PMID: 24931726 PMCID: PMC4303991 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extra-pair copulation (EPC) is widespread in socially monogamous species, but its evolutionary benefits remain controversial. Indirect genetic benefit hypotheses postulate that females engage in EPC to produce higher quality extra-pair offspring (EPO) than within-pair offspring (WPO). In contrast, the sexual conflict hypothesis posits that EPC is beneficial to males but not to females. Thus, under the sexual conflict hypothesis, EPO are predicted to be no fitter than WPO. We tested these two hypotheses in a 12-year dataset with complete life-history and pedigree information from an isolated island population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We compared fitness components of EPO and two types of WPO: (1) WPO from genetically polyandrous “unfaithful” mothers, and (2) WPO from genetically monogamous mothers. We found that all three groups of offspring had similar probabilities of hatching and nestling survival. Unexpectedly, EPO had the lowest probability of recruiting into the breeding population and the lowest lifetime reproductive output. Our results indicate that EPO incurred indirect genetic costs, rather than benefits, which is contrary to indirect benefit models. Importantly, the indirect costs we observed are also underappreciated in current sexual conflict models. Our results call for improved theoretical frameworks that incorporate indirect costs by extending current sexual conflict models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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24
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McFarlane SE, Gorrell JC, Coltman DW, Humphries MM, Boutin S, McAdam AG. Very low levels of direct additive genetic variance in fitness and fitness components in a red squirrel population. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1729-38. [PMID: 24963372 PMCID: PMC4063471 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A trait must genetically correlate with fitness in order to evolve in response to natural selection, but theory suggests that strong directional selection should erode additive genetic variance in fitness and limit future evolutionary potential. Balancing selection has been proposed as a mechanism that could maintain genetic variance if fitness components trade off with one another and has been invoked to account for empirical observations of higher levels of additive genetic variance in fitness components than would be expected from mutation–selection balance. Here, we used a long-term study of an individually marked population of North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) to look for evidence of (1) additive genetic variance in lifetime reproductive success and (2) fitness trade-offs between fitness components, such as male and female fitness or fitness in high- and low-resource environments. “Animal model” analyses of a multigenerational pedigree revealed modest maternal effects on fitness, but very low levels of additive genetic variance in lifetime reproductive success overall as well as fitness measures within each sex and environment. It therefore appears that there are very low levels of direct genetic variance in fitness and fitness components in red squirrels to facilitate contemporary adaptation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eryn McFarlane
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jamieson C Gorrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - David W Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Murray M Humphries
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Andrew G McAdam
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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25
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Noble DWA, McFarlane SE, Keogh JS, Whiting MJ. Maternal and additive genetic effects contribute to variation in offspring traits in a lizard. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Characteristics of MHC class I genes in house sparrows Passer domesticus as revealed by long cDNA transcripts and amplicon sequencing. J Mol Evol 2013; 77:8-21. [PMID: 23877344 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-013-9575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In birds the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) organization differs both among and within orders; chickens Gallus gallus of the order Galliformes have a simple arrangement, while many songbirds of the order Passeriformes have a more complex arrangement with larger numbers of MHC class I and II genes. Chicken MHC genes are found at two independent loci, classical MHC-B and non-classical MHC-Y, whereas non-classical MHC genes are yet to be verified in passerines. Here we characterize MHC class I transcripts (α1 to α3 domain) and perform amplicon sequencing using a next-generation sequencing technique on exon 3 from house sparrow Passer domesticus (a passerine) families. Then we use phylogenetic, selection, and segregation analyses to gain a better understanding of the MHC class I organization. Trees based on the α1 and α2 domain revealed a distinct cluster with short terminal branches for transcripts with a 6-bp deletion. Interestingly, this cluster was not seen in the tree based on the α3 domain. 21 exon 3 sequences were verified in a single individual and the average numbers within an individual were nine and five for sequences with and without a 6-bp deletion, respectively. All individuals had exon 3 sequences with and without a 6-bp deletion. The sequences with a 6-bp deletion have many characteristics in common with non-classical MHC, e.g., highly conserved amino acid positions were substituted compared with the other alleles, low nucleotide diversity and just a single site was subject to positive selection. However, these alleles also have characteristics that suggest they could be classical, e.g., complete linkage and absence of a distinct cluster in a tree based on the α3 domain. Thus, we cannot determine for certain whether or not the alleles with a 6-bp deletion are non-classical based on our present data. Further analyses on segregation patterns of these alleles in combination with dating the 6-bp deletion through MHC characterization across the genus Passer may solve this matter in the future.
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27
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Dawson DA, Ball AD, Spurgin LG, Martín-Gálvez D, Stewart IRK, Horsburgh GJ, Potter J, Molina-Morales M, Bicknell AWJ, Preston SAJ, Ekblom R, Slate J, Burke T. High-utility conserved avian microsatellite markers enable parentage and population studies across a wide range of species. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:176. [PMID: 23497230 PMCID: PMC3738869 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellites are widely used for many genetic studies. In contrast to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and genotyping-by-sequencing methods, they are readily typed in samples of low DNA quality/concentration (e.g. museum/non-invasive samples), and enable the quick, cheap identification of species, hybrids, clones and ploidy. Microsatellites also have the highest cross-species utility of all types of markers used for genotyping, but, despite this, when isolated from a single species, only a relatively small proportion will be of utility. Marker development of any type requires skill and time. The availability of sufficient "off-the-shelf" markers that are suitable for genotyping a wide range of species would not only save resources but also uniquely enable new comparisons of diversity among taxa at the same set of loci. No other marker types are capable of enabling this. We therefore developed a set of avian microsatellite markers with enhanced cross-species utility. RESULTS We selected highly-conserved sequences with a high number of repeat units in both of two genetically distant species. Twenty-four primer sets were designed from homologous sequences that possessed at least eight repeat units in both the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and chicken (Gallus gallus). Each primer sequence was a complete match to zebra finch and, after accounting for degenerate bases, at least 86% similar to chicken. We assessed primer-set utility by genotyping individuals belonging to eight passerine and four non-passerine species. The majority of the new Conserved Avian Microsatellite (CAM) markers amplified in all 12 species tested (on average, 94% in passerines and 95% in non-passerines). This new marker set is of especially high utility in passerines, with a mean 68% of loci polymorphic per species, compared with 42% in non-passerine species. CONCLUSIONS When combined with previously described conserved loci, this new set of conserved markers will not only reduce the necessity and expense of microsatellite isolation for a wide range of genetic studies, including avian parentage and population analyses, but will also now enable comparisons of genetic diversity among different species (and populations) at the same set of loci, with no or reduced bias. Finally, the approach used here can be applied to other taxa in which appropriate genome sequences are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Dawson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alexander D Ball
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Current address: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lewis G Spurgin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Martín-Gálvez
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Current address: Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Almería, E-04120, Spain
| | - Ian R K Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Gavin J Horsburgh
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jonathan Potter
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mercedes Molina-Morales
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Current address: Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Anthony W J Bicknell
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Current address: Plymouth University, Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stephanie A J Preston
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert Ekblom
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Current address: Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, Uppsala, SE-75236, Sweden
| | - Jon Slate
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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28
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Schroeder J, Nakagawa S, Cleasby IR, Burke T. Passerine birds breeding under chronic noise experience reduced fitness. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39200. [PMID: 22808028 PMCID: PMC3394753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fitness in birds has been shown to be negatively associated with anthropogenic noise, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. It is however crucial to understand the mechanisms of how urban noise impinges on fitness to obtain a better understanding of the role of chronic noise in urban ecology. Here, we examine three hypotheses on how noise might reduce reproductive output in passerine birds: (H1) by impairing mate choice, (H2) by reducing territory quality and (H3) by impeding chick development. Methodology/Principal Findings We used long-term data from an island population of house sparrows, Passer domesticus, in which we can precisely estimate fitness. We found that nests in an area affected by the noise from large generators produced fewer young, of lower body mass, and fewer recruits, even when we corrected statistically for parental genetic quality using a cross-fostering set-up, supporting H3. Also, individual females provided their young with food less often when they bred in the noisy area compared to breeding attempts by the same females elsewhere. Furthermore, we show that females reacted flexibly to increased noise levels by adjusting their provisioning rate in the short term, which suggests that noise may be a causal factor that reduces reproductive output. We rejected H1 and H2 because nestbox occupancy, parental body mass, age and reproductive investment did not differ significantly between noisy and quiet areas. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest a previously undescribed mechanism to explain how environmental noise can reduce fitness in passerine birds: by acoustically masking parent–offspring communication. More importantly, using a cross-fostering set-up, our results demonstrate that birds breeding in a noisy environment experience significant fitness costs. Chronic noise is omnipresent around human habitation and may produces similar fitness consequences in a wide range of urban bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schroeder
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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29
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Dawson DA, Horsburgh GJ, Krupa AP, Stewart IRK, Skjelseth S, Jensen H, Ball AD, Spurgin LG, Mannarelli ME, Nakagawa S, Schroeder J, Vangestel C, Hinten GN, Burke T. Microsatellite resources for Passeridae species: a predicted microsatellite map of the house sparrow Passer domesticus. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 12:501-23. [PMID: 22321340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We identified microsatellite sequences of potential utility in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and assigned their predicted genome locations. These sequences included newly isolated house sparrow loci, which we fully characterized. Many of the newly isolated loci were polymorphic in two other species of Passeridae: Berthelot's pipit Anthus berthelotii and zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata. In total, we identified 179 microsatellite markers that were either isolated directly from, or are of known utility in, the house sparrow. Sixty-seven of these markers were designed from unique sequences that we isolated from a house sparrow genomic library. These new markers were combined with 36 house sparrow markers isolated by other studies and 76 markers isolated from other passerine species but known to be polymorphic in the house sparrow. We utilized sequence homology to assign chromosomal locations for these loci in the assembled zebra finch genome. One hundred and thirty-four loci were assigned to 25 different autosomes and eight loci to the Z chromosome. Examination of the genotypes of known-sex house sparrows for 37 of the new loci revealed a W-linked locus and an additional Z-linked locus. Locus Pdoμ2, previously reported as autosomal, was found to be Z-linked. These loci enable the creation of powerful and cost-effective house sparrow multiplex primer sets for population and parentage studies. They can be used to create a house sparrow linkage map and will aid the identification of quantitative trait loci in passerine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Dawson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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