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Shao H, Dong L, Feng Y, Wang C, Tong H. The protective effect of L-glutamine against acute Cantharidin-induced Cardiotoxicity in the mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:71. [PMID: 33004081 PMCID: PMC7528483 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cantharidin (CTD) is a compound which have the potential to be exploited as an antitumor drug, and it has been demonstrated antitumor effects in a variety of cancers. However, the use is limited due to its severe toxicity. It has reported that it can induce fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Fortunately, we found that L-glutamine can alleviate cardiac toxicity caused by cantharidin in mice. Methods To investigate the protective effect of L-glutamine, we used a high dose of cantharidin in mice to create a model of cardiotoxicity. In the experimental mice, glutamine was given orally half an hour before they were administrated with cantharidin. The mice of control group were intraperitoneally injected with DMSO solution. The general state of all mice, cardiac mass index, electrocardiogram change and biological markers were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) of heart tissue was carried out in each group to reflect the protective effect of glutamine. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the injury and cardio-protection, multiple oxidative stress indexes were determined and succinate dehydrogenase activity was evaluated. Result The results showed that L-glutamine (Gln) pretreatment reduced weight loss and mortality. It also decreased the biological markers (p < 0.05), improved electrocardiogram and histological changes that CTD induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Subsequently, the group pretreated with L-glutamine before CTD treatment increases in MDA but decreases in SOD and GSH, in comparison to the group treated with CTD alone. Besides, succinate dehydrogenase activity also was improved when L-glutamine was administrated before cantharidin compared to cantharidin. Conclusions This study provided evidence that L-glutamine could protect cardiac cells against the acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity and the protective mechanism of glutamine may be related to the myocardial cell membrane or the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Shao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Fangshan Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 10029, China.
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Sandlin RD, Wong KHK, Boneschansker L, Carey TR, Miller KL, Rose G, Haber DA, Maheswaran S, Irimia D, Stott SL, Toner M. Preservative solution that stabilizes erythrocyte morphology and leukocyte viability under ambient conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5658. [PMID: 28720788 PMCID: PMC5515929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of whole blood ex vivo represents a logistical hurdle in clinical and research settings. Here, a cocktail preservative is described that stabilizes leukocyte viability and erythrocyte morphology in whole blood under ambient storage. Neutrophil biostabilization was explored using a sophisticated microfluidic assay to examine the effectiveness of caspase inhibition to stabilize purified neutrophils. Following 72 h ambient storage, neutrophils remained fully functional to migrate towards chemical cues and maintained their ability to undergo NETosis after stimulation. Furthermore, stored neutrophils exhibited improved CD45 biomarker retention and reduced apoptosis and mortality compared to untreated controls. To stabilize erythrocyte morphology, a preservative solution was formulated using Taguchi methods of experimental design, and combined with the caspase inhibitor to form a whole blood cocktail solution, CSWB. CSWB was evaluated in blood from healthy donors and from women with metastatic breast cancer stored under ambient conditions for 72 h. CSWB-treated samples showed a significant improvement in erythrocyte morphology compared to untreated controls. Leukocytes in CSWB-treated blood exhibited significantly higher viability and CD45 biomarker retention compared to untreated controls. This 72 h shelf life under ambient conditions represents an opportunity to transport isolates or simply ease experimental timelines where blood degradation is problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Sandlin
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Keith H K Wong
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Leo Boneschansker
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Thomas R Carey
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kathleen L Miller
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Gregory Rose
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Cancer Center & Department of Medicine, Massachusetts, MA General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Cancer Center & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, & BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Mehmet Toner
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine, & Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Şekeroğlu MR, Huyut Z, Him A. The susceptibility of erythrocytes to oxidation during storage of blood: effects of melatonin and propofol. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:315-9. [PMID: 22261093 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of melatonin and propofol in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes in stored bloods. DESIGN AND METHODS Donated blood was taken into three citrate-phosphate-dextrose containing blood bags. One bag was used as control, the others were added either melatonin or propofol. Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity and their sensitivity to in vitro oxidation were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. RESULTS In control group, erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels and sensitivity to in vitro oxidation were increased whereas glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were decreased. Melatonin prevented malondialdehyde accumulation and preserved glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels. Propofol preserved glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels but did not affect catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. CONCLUSIONS We showed that melatonin in stored blood could prevent lipid peroxidation and increase the resistance of erythrocytes to in vitro oxidation while propofol did not show such effects.
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H S Kumar S, Anandan R. Biochemical studies on the cardioprotective effect of glutamine on tissue antioxidant defense system in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 40:49-55. [PMID: 18437213 PMCID: PMC2291504 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.40.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms with a central role involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. The protective effect of glutamine on myocardial antioxidant defense system was investigated during isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction, an animal model of myocardial infarction of human beings. Levels of diagnostic marker enzymes in plasma, reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxides and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in heart tissue were determined. Injection of isoprenaline caused significant increases in the levels of diagnostic marker enzymes in plasma and lipid peroxidation in heart tissue. A parallel decline in the levels of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and GSH and the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes and antiperoxidative enzymes in heart tissue was also observed. Prior oral administration of glutamine significantly prevented isoprenaline-induced adverse effects and maintained myocardial antioxidant status at near normal status. The cardioprotective effect of glutamine is probably related to a strengthening of the myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing action, or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property, or to its ability to maintain near to normal status the activities of free radical scavenging enzymes and the level of GSH, which protect myocardial membrane against oxidative damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam H S Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500 072, INDIA
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Tinmouth A, Fergusson D, Yee IC, Hébert PC. Clinical consequences of red cell storage in the critically ill. Transfusion 2006; 46:2014-27. [PMID: 17076859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Red cell (RBC) transfusions are a potentially life-saving therapy employed during the care of many critically ill patients to replace losses in hemoglobin to maintain oxygen delivery to vital organs. During storage, RBCs undergo a series of biochemical and biomechanical changes that reduce their survival and function. Additionally, accumulation of other biologic by-products of RBC preservation may be detrimental to recipients of blood transfusions. Laboratory studies and an increasing number of observational studies have raised the possibility that prolonged RBC storage adversely affects clinical outcomes. In this article, the laboratory and animal experiments evaluating changes to RBCs during prolonged storage are reviewed. Subsequently, the clinical studies that have evaluated the clinical consequences of prolonged RBC storage are reviewed. These data suggest a possible detrimental clinical effect associated with the transfusion of stored RBCs; randomized clinical trials further evaluating the clinical consequences of transfusing older stored RBCs are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Tinmouth
- Center for Transfusion and Critical Care Research, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Critical Care Program, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Red cells (RBCs) stored in hypo-osmolar additive solutions with the same concentrations of adenine, dextrose, mannitol, and sodium chloride and varied amounts of ammonium, phosphate, glycerol, and glutamine were better preserved than RBCs in the standard additive solution (Adsol). Cell swelling occurred in all the experimental additives. This observation prompted the evaluation of glutamine and glycine alone, as well as a combination of glutamine and glycine, all of which have been described as producing swelling of rat liver cells. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Aliquots of RBCs were stored at 4 degrees C in Adsol or experimental additive solutions (EASs) all containing adenine, 2 mM; dextrose, 110 mM; mannitol, 55 mM; and sodium chloride, 50 mM. EAS 42 had, in addition, glutamine, 10 mM; glycine 5 mM, and phosphate, 20 mM. EAS 43 had glutamine, 10 mM; glycine, 10 mM; and phosphate 20 mM. EAS 44 had glutamine, 10 mM; EAS 45 had glutamine, 10 mM, and phosphate, 20 mM, and EAS 46 had only glycine, 10 mM. At intervals, measurements were made of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, morphology, ATP, hemolysis, supernatant potassium, ammonia, pH, and microvesicles shed. RESULTS The initial mean corpuscular volumes were larger in all EASs than in Adsol, but the greatest difference was between EASs 44 and 46 (108 fL) and Adsol (86 fL) (p < 0.001). The morphology scores were significantly better in all the EASs (p < 0.04). The ATPs were significantly greater in all the EASs (p < 0.001), and highest in those with phosphate. potassium leakage and hemolysis were less in the EASs (p < 0.001). The ammonia levels higher in all the EASs than in Adsol, with the exception of EAS 46. During storage, the extracorpuscular and intracorpuscular pH levels were essentially identical. The shedding of microvesicles was greatly reduced in all the EASs. CONCLUSION Cell swelling induced in RBCs after collection appears to improve preservation. Ammonia and phosphate enhance RBC ATP maintenance. Glycine decrease the formation of ammonia by RBCs stored in a hypotonic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Greenwalt
- Department of Research, Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio, USA
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