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Vinikoor T, Dzidotor GK, Le TT, Liu Y, Kan HM, Barui S, Chorsi MT, Curry EJ, Reinhardt E, Wang H, Singh P, Merriman MA, D'Orio E, Park J, Xiao S, Chapman JH, Lin F, Truong CS, Prasadh S, Chuba L, Killoh S, Lee SW, Wu Q, Chidambaram RM, Lo KWH, Laurencin CT, Nguyen TD. Injectable and biodegradable piezoelectric hydrogel for osteoarthritis treatment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6257. [PMID: 37802985 PMCID: PMC10558537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis affects millions of people worldwide but current treatments using analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs only alleviate symptoms of this disease. Here, we present an injectable, biodegradable piezoelectric hydrogel, made of short electrospun poly-L-lactic acid nanofibers embedded inside a collagen matrix, which can be injected into the joints and self-produce localized electrical cues under ultrasound activation to drive cartilage healing. In vitro, data shows that the piezoelectric hydrogel with ultrasound can enhance cell migration and induce stem cells to secrete TGF-β1, which promotes chondrogenesis. In vivo, the rabbits with osteochondral critical-size defects receiving the ultrasound-activated piezoelectric hydrogel show increased subchondral bone formation, improved hyaline-cartilage structure, and good mechanical properties, close to healthy native cartilage. This piezoelectric hydrogel is not only useful for cartilage healing but also potentially applicable to other tissue regeneration, offering a significant impact on the field of regenerative tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Vinikoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Godwin K Dzidotor
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Thinh T Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Srimanta Barui
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Meysam T Chorsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eli J Curry
- Eli Lilly and Company, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Emily Reinhardt
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3089, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 63 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Parbeen Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Marc A Merriman
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ethan D'Orio
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing for Energy Systems Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Shuyang Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
| | - James H Chapman
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Cao-Sang Truong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Somasundaram Prasadh
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Lisa Chuba
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shaelyn Killoh
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 63 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ramaswamy M Chidambaram
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kevin W H Lo
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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2
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Taheri S, Ghazali HS, Ghazali ZS, Bhattacharyya A, Noh I. Progress in biomechanical stimuli on the cell-encapsulated hydrogels for cartilage tissue regeneration. Biomater Res 2023; 27:22. [PMID: 36935512 PMCID: PMC10026525 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, many people suffer from knee injuries and articular cartilage damage every year, which causes pain and reduces productivity, life quality, and daily routines. Medication is currently primarily used to relieve symptoms and not to ameliorate cartilage degeneration. As the natural healing capacity of cartilage damage is limited due to a lack of vascularization, common surgical methods are used to repair cartilage tissue, but they cannot prevent massive damage followed by injury. MAIN BODY Functional tissue engineering has recently attracted attention for the repair of cartilage damage using a combination of cells, scaffolds (constructs), biochemical factors, and biomechanical stimuli. As cyclic biomechanical loading is the key factor in maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype, many studies have evaluated the effect of biomechanical stimulation on chondrogenesis. The characteristics of hydrogels, such as their mechanical properties, water content, and cell encapsulation, make them ideal for tissue-engineered scaffolds. Induced cell signaling (biochemical and biomechanical factors) and encapsulation of cells in hydrogels as a construct are discussed for biomechanical stimulation-based tissue regeneration, and several notable studies on the effect of biomechanical stimulation on encapsulated cells within hydrogels are discussed for cartilage regeneration. CONCLUSION Induction of biochemical and biomechanical signaling on the encapsulated cells in hydrogels are important factors for biomechanical stimulation-based cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Taheri
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanieh Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 158754413, Iran
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
- Functional, Innovative, and Smart Textiles, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Insup Noh
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Sakhrani N, Stefani RM, Setti S, Cadossi R, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy and Direct Current Electric Field Modulation Promote the Migration of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes to Accelerate Cartilage Repair In Vitro. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:12406. [PMID: 36970107 PMCID: PMC10035757 DOI: 10.3390/app122312406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries are a common source of joint pain and dysfunction. As articular cartilage is avascular, it exhibits a poor intrinsic healing capacity for self-repair. Clinically, osteochondral grafts are used to surgically restore the articular surface following injury. A significant challenge remains with the repair properties at the graft-host tissue interface as proper integration is critical toward restoring normal load distribution across the joint. A key to addressing poor tissue integration may involve optimizing mobilization of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) that exhibit chondrogenic potential and are derived from the adjacent synovium, the specialized connective tissue membrane that envelops the diarthrodial joint. Synovium-derived cells have been directly implicated in the native repair response of articular cartilage. Electrotherapeutics hold potential as low-cost, low-risk, non-invasive adjunctive therapies for promoting cartilage healing via cell-mediated repair. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and applied direct current (DC) electric fields (EFs) via galvanotaxis are two potential therapeutic strategies to promote cartilage repair by stimulating the migration of FLS within a wound or defect site. PEMF chambers were calibrated to recapitulate clinical standards (1.5 ± 0.2 mT, 75 Hz, 1.3 ms duration). PEMF stimulation promoted bovine FLS migration using a 2D in vitro scratch assay to assess the rate of wound closure following cruciform injury. Galvanotaxis DC EF stimulation assisted FLS migration within a collagen hydrogel matrix in order to promote cartilage repair. A novel tissue-scale bioreactor capable of applying DC EFs in sterile culture conditions to 3D constructs was designed in order to track the increased recruitment of synovial repair cells via galvanotaxis from intact bovine synovium explants to the site of a cartilage wound injury. PEMF stimulation further modulated FLS migration into the bovine cartilage defect region. Biochemical composition, histological analysis, and gene expression revealed elevated GAG and collagen levels following PEMF treatment, indicative of its pro-anabolic effect. Together, PEMF and galvanotaxis DC EF modulation are electrotherapeutic strategies with complementary repair properties. Both procedures may enable direct migration or selective homing of target cells to defect sites, thus augmenting natural repair processes for improving cartilage repair and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sakhrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Robert M. Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | | | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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4
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Synovial fluid mesenchymal progenitor cells from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis demonstrate limited self-renewal and chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16530. [PMID: 36192450 PMCID: PMC9530167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases affecting joints with a prevalence of one in a thousand children. There is a growing body of literature examining the use of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MPCs) for the treatment of adult and childhood arthritis, however, we still lack a clear understanding of how these MPC populations are impacted by arthritic disease states and how this could influence treatment efficacy. In the current study we examined the immunophenotyping, self-renewal ability and chondrogenic capacity (in vitro and in vivo) of synovial derived MPCs from normal, JIA and RA joints. Synovial MPCs from JIA patients demonstrated reduced self-renewal ability and chondrogenic differentiation capacity. Furthermore, they did not induce cartilage regeneration when xenotransplanted in a mouse cartilage injury model. Synovial MPCs from JIA patients are functionally compromised compared to MPCs from normal and/or RA joints. The molecular mechanisms behind this loss of function remain elusive. Further study is required to see if these cells can be re-functionalized and used in cell therapy strategies for these JIA patients, or if allogenic approaches should be considered.
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Jeyaraman N, Ranjan R, Jha SK, Mishra P. Synovium Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (Sy-MSCs): A Promising Therapeutic Paradigm in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1-15. [PMID: 35070137 PMCID: PMC8748553 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (Sy-MSC) is a newer member of the mesenchymal stromal cell families. The first successful demonstration of the mesenchymal stromal cell from the human synovial membrane was done in 2001 and since then its potential role for musculoskeletal regeneration has been keenly documented. The regenerative effects of Sy-MSCs are through paracrine signaling, direct cell-cell interactions, and extracellular vehicles. Sy-MSCs possess superior chondrogenicity than other sources of mesenchymal stromal cells. This article aims to outline the advancement of synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells along with a specific insight into the application for managing osteoarthritis knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College & Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhu Mishra
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
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7
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Ge Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Li L, Teng H, Jiang Q. Effects of Mechanical Compression on Chondrogenesis of Human Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Agarose Hydrogel. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:697281. [PMID: 34350163 PMCID: PMC8327094 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.697281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical compression is a double-edged sword for cartilage remodeling, and the effect of mechanical compression on chondrogenic differentiation still remains elusive to date. Herein, we investigate the effect of mechanical dynamic compression on the chondrogenic differentiation of human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs). To this aim, SMSCs encapsulated in agarose hydrogels were cultured in chondrogenic-induced medium with or without dynamic compression. Dynamic compression was applied at either early time-point (day 1) or late time-point (day 21) during chondrogenic induction period. We found that dynamic compression initiated at early time-point downregulated the expression level of chondrocyte-specific markers as well as hypertrophy-specific markers compared with unloaded control. On the contrary, dynamic compression applied at late time-point not only enhanced the levels of cartilage matrix gene expression, but also suppressed the hypertrophic development of SMSCs compared with unloaded controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that dynamic mechanical compression loading not only promotes chondrogenic differentiation of SMSCs, but also plays a vital role in the maintenance of cartilage phenotype, and our findings also provide an experimental guide for stem cell-based cartilage repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for 3D Bioprinting, Nanjing, China
| | - Huajian Teng
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Conditioned medium of IGF1-induced synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells increases chondrogenic and chondroprotective markers in chondrocyte inflammation. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229062. [PMID: 34143208 PMCID: PMC8255536 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the most explored cells for cell therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) that can be obtained from various sources. Synovial membrane MSCs (SMMSCs) provide best potential for OA therapy, however they are not widely explored. Conditioned medium of SMMSCs (SMMSCs-CM) rich in growth factors and cytokines can inhibit apoptosis and increase chondrocytes cell proliferation. The aim of the present study was to determine growth factors content in SMMSCs-CM as well as the chondrogenic and chondroprotective markers expression in OA model after insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1-induced and non-induced SMMSCs-CM treatments. Chondrocyte cell line (CHON002) was induced by IL1β as OA model (CHON002 with IL1β (IL1β-CHON002)) and treated with SMMSCs-CM with or without IGF1 induction to determine its effectiveness in repairing OA cells model. ELISA was used to assay BMP2, fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 (TGFβ1) levels in SMMSCs-CM, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 (MMP13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 4 (ADAMTS4) levels in OA cells model treated with SMMSCs-CM. RT-qPCR analyses were used to investigate the gene expression of SOX9, COL2, and COL10. CM from SMMSCs cultured and induced by IGF1 150 ng/mL was the most effective concentration for increasing the content of growth factor markers of SMMSCs-CM, which had successfully increased negative cartilage hypertrophy markers (SOX9 and COL2) and reduced hypertrophy markers (COL10, MMP13, and ADAMTS4). Preconditioning with IGF1 has better and very significant results in lowering MMP13 and ADAMTS4 levels. The present study supports IGF1 pre-conditioned SMMSCs-CM to develop a new therapeutic approach in OA improvement through its chondrogenic and chondroprotective roles.
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9
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Vapniarsky N, Kwon H, Paschos NK, Haudenschild AK, Brown WE, DuRaine GD, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Adult Dermal Stem Cells for Scaffold-Free Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Exploration of Strategies. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:598-607. [PMID: 33198584 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermis-isolated adult stem (DIAS) cells, abundantly available, are attractive for regenerative medicine. Strategies have been devised to isolate and to chondroinduce DIAS cells from various animals. This study aimed to characterize DIAS cells from human abdominal skin (human dermis-isolated adult stem [hDIAS] cells) and to compare and to refine various chondroinduction regimens to form functional neocartilage constructs. The stemness of hDIAS cells was verified (Phase I), three chondroinduction pretreatments were compared (Phase II), and, from these, one regimen was carried forward for refinement in Phase III for improving the mechanical properties of hDIAS cell-derived constructs. Multilineage differentiation and mesenchymal stem cell markers were observed. Among various chondroinduction pretreatments, the nodule formation pretreatment yielded constructs at least 72% larger in diameter, with higher glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by 44%, compared with other pretreatments. Furthermore, it was found that culturing cells on nontissue culture-treated surfaces yielded constructs (1) on par with constructs derived from aggrecan-coated surfaces and (2) with superior mechanical properties than constructs derived from cells cultured on tissue culture-treated surfaces. After the nodule formation pretreatment, combined supplementation of TGF-β1, IGF-I, and fetal bovine serum significantly enhanced aggregate modulus and shear modulus by 75% and 69%, respectively, over the supplementation by TGF-β1 alone. In summary, human skin-derived DIAS cells are responsive to chondroinduction for forming neocartilage. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the resultant human constructs can be improved by treatments shown to be efficacious in animal models. Advances made toward tissue-engineering cartilage using animal cells were shown to be applicable to hDIAS cells for cartilage repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heenam Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nikolaos K Paschos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anne K Haudenschild
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Wendy E Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Grayson D DuRaine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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10
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Fernandes TL, Kimura HA, Pinheiro CCG, Shimomura K, Nakamura N, Ferreira JR, Gomoll AH, Hernandez AJ, Bueno DF. Human Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Good Manufacturing Practices for Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 24:709-716. [PMID: 30412046 PMCID: PMC6306653 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cartilage restoration is a desperately needed bridge for patients with symptomatic cartilage lesions. Chondral lesion is a pathology with high prevalence, reaching as much as 63% of general population and 36% among athletes. Despite autologous chondrocyte implantation versatility, it still fails to fully reproduce hyaline articular cartilage characteristics. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be isolated from various known tissues, including discarded fragments at arthroscopy such as synovial membrane. Choice of harvesting site is motivated by MSCs' abilities to modulate immunologic and inflammatory response through paracrine communication. Synovial MSCs have a greater proliferation and strong chondrogenic potential than bone and adipose MSCs and a less hypertrophic differentiation than bone MSCs. Good manufacturing practice (GMP) laboratory techniques for human clinical trials are still novel. To our knowledge, there are only two clinical trials in humans published since today. Purpose: Therefore, this work aimed to isolate and characterize synovial MSCs and evaluated their differentiation properties according to GMP standards. Materials and Methods: One-gram tissue sample from three patients of synovia was harvested at the beginning of arthroscopy surgery. MSCs were isolated, expanded, and characterized by flow cytometry. Results: It was possible to isolate and expand MSCs cultures from synovia, characterize MSCs by flow cytometry using proper monoclonal antibodies, and differentiate MSCs by coloring technique after chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiations. Cartilage treatment may benefit from these tissue engineering protocols since arthroscopic procedures are routinely performed for different purposes in a previous stage and a favorable chondronegic differentiation cell lineage may be collected and stored in a less invasive way. Conclusion: Laboratory protocols established according to presented GMP were able to isolate and characterize MSCs obtained from synovia. Impact Statement Articular cartilage restoration is a desperately needed bridge for patients with symptomatic cartilage lesions and it rises as a socioeconomic issue with a considerable economic burden. Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a greater proliferation rate and strong chondrogenic potential than bone and adipose MSCs and a less hypertrophic differentiation than bone MSCs. To our knowledge, there are only two human clinical trials with good manufacturing practice laboratory techniques for synovial MSCs harvesting and differentiation. Cartilage treatment may benefit from these tissue engineering protocols since arthroscopic procedures are routinely performed for different purposes in a previous stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes
- Sports Medicine Group, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Akio Kimura
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - José Ricardo Ferreira
- Department of Materials Science, Post Grad Programme on Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreas H Gomoll
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), New York, New York
| | - Arnaldo Jose Hernandez
- Sports Medicine Group, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Barati D, Gegg C, Yang F. Nanoparticle-Mediated TGF-β Release from Microribbon-Based Hydrogels Accelerates Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Formation In Vivo. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:1971-1981. [PMID: 32377980 PMCID: PMC10155292 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional nanoporous hydrogels often lead to slow cartilage deposition by MSCs in 3D due to physical constraints and requirement for degradation. Our group has recently reported macroporous gelatin microribbon (μRB) hydrogels, which substantially accelerate MSC-based cartilage formation in vitro compared to conventional gelatin hydrogels. To facilitate translating the use of μRB-based scaffolds for supporting stem cell-based cartilage regeneration in vivo, there remains a need to develop a customize-designed drug delivery system that can be incorporated into μRB-based scaffolds. Towards this goal, here we report polydopamine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that can be stably incorporated within the macroporous μRB scaffolds, and allow tunable release of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3. We hypothesize that increasing concentration of polydopamine coating on MSNs will slow down TGF- β3 release, and TGF-β3 release from polydopamine-coated MSNs can enhance MSC-based cartilage formation in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that TGF-β3 released from MSNs enhance MSC-based cartilage regeneration in vitro to levels comparable to freshly added TGF-β3 in the medium, as shown by biochemical assays, mechanical testing, and histology. Furthermore, when implanted in vivo in a mouse subcutaneous model, only the group containing MSN-mediated TGF-β3 release supported continuous cartilage formation, whereas control group without MSN showed loss of cartilage matrix and undesirable endochondral ossification. The modular design of MSN-mediated drug delivery can be customized for delivering multiple drugs with individually optimized release kinetics, and may be applicable to enhance regeneration of other tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Barati
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University Schools of Engineering and Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R105, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Courtney Gegg
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Schools of Engineering and Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R105, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University Schools of Engineering and Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R105, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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12
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Ganglioside GM3 Up-Regulate Chondrogenic Differentiation by Transform Growth Factor Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061967. [PMID: 32183071 PMCID: PMC7139639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, also known as multipotent stromal progenitor cells, can differentiate into cells of mesodermal lineage. Gangliosides are sialic acid-conjugated glycosphingolipids that are believed to regulate cell differentiation and several signaling molecules. These molecules are localized in glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains on the cell surface and are regulated by glycosphingolipid composition. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling plays a critical role in chondrogenic differentiation. However, the role of gangliosides in chondrogenesis is not understood. In this study, the relationship between the ganglioside GM3 and TGF-β activation, during chondrogenic differentiation, was investigated using an aggregate culture of human synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We showed that the gangliosides GM3 and GD3 were expressed after the chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSC aggregates. To test whether GM3 affected the chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSC aggregates, we used GM3 treatment during chondrogenic differentiation. The results showed that the group treated with 5 μM GM3 had higher expression of chondrogenic specific markers, increased toluidine blue, and safranin O staining, and increased accumulation of glycosaminoglycans compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, GM3 treatment enhanced TGF-β signaling via SMAD 2/3 during the chondrogenic differentiation of hSMSC aggregates. Taken together, our results suggested that GM3 may be useful in developing therapeutic agents for cell-based articular cartilage regeneration in articular cartilage disease.
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13
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Yan J, Chen X, Pu C, Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu T, Pan G, Lin J, Pei M, Yang H, He F. Synovium stem cell-derived matrix enhances anti-inflammatory properties of rabbit articular chondrocytes via the SIRT1 pathway. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110286. [PMID: 31753397 PMCID: PMC9805357 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a promising approach to repair cartilage defects; however, the cartilage trauma-induced inflammatory environment compromises its clinical outcomes. Cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) has been used as a culture substrate for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve the cell proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation. In this study, DECM deposited by synovium-derived MSCs was used as an in vitro expansion system for rabbit articular chondrocytes and the response of DECM-expanded chondrocytes to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was evaluated. Compared with those grown on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), the proliferation rate was significantly improved in DECM-expanded chondrocytes. TCPS- and DECM-expanded chondrocytes were isolated and induced to redifferentiation in a high-density pellet culture. DECM-expanded chondrocytes exerted a stronger resistance to 1 ng/mL of IL-1β than TCPS-expanded cells, but the production of cartilage matrix in both groups was inhibited by 5 ng/mL of IL-1β. When exposed to 1 or 5 ng/mL of TNF-α, DECM-expanded chondrocytes showed higher levels of cartilage matrix synthesis than TCPS-expanded cells. In addition, the gene expression of IL-1β- or TNF-α-induced matrix degrading enzymes (MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, and ADAMTS5) was significantly lower in DECM-expanded chondrocytes than TCPS-expanded cells. Furthermore, we found that SIRT1 inhibition by nicotinamide completely counteracted the protective effect of DECM on chondrocytes in the presence of IL-1β or TNF-α, indicating that the SIRT1 signaling pathway was involved in the DECM-mediated enhancement of anti-inflammatory properties of chondrocytes. Taken together, this work suggests that stem cell-derived DECM is a superior culture substrate for in vitro chondrocyte expansion by improving proliferation and enhancing the anti-inflammatory properties of chondrocytes. DECM-expanded chondrocytes with enhanced anti-inflammatory properties hold great potential in clinically ACI-based cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinku Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Clinical Sample Bank, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Chengbo Pu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Yilang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Clinical Sample Bank, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Corresponding Authors: Tao Liu, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China. Telephone: +86-512-67781420; Fax: +86-512-67781165;
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Fan He, Ph.D., Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China. Telephone: +86-512-67781420; Fax: +86-512-67781165;
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14
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Diaz-Rodriguez P, Erndt-Marino JD, Gharat T, Munoz Pinto DJ, Samavedi S, Bearden R, Grunlan MA, Saunders WB, Hahn MS. Toward zonally tailored scaffolds for osteochondral differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2019-2029. [PMID: 30549205 PMCID: PMC6934364 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) are an emerging cell source for regenerative medicine applications, including osteochondral defect (OCD) repair. However, in contrast to bone marrow MSCs, scaffold compositions which promote SMSC chondrogenesis/osteogenesis are still being identified. In the present manuscript, we examine poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG)-based scaffolds containing zonally-specific biochemical cues to guide SMSC osteochondral differentiation. Specifically, SMSCs were encapsulated in PEG-based scaffolds incorporating glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronan or chondroitin-6-sulfate [CSC]), low-dose of chondrogenic and osteogenic growth factors (TGFβ1 and BMP2, respectively), or osteoinductive poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Initial studies suggested that PEG-CSC-TGFβ1 scaffolds promoted enhanced SMSC chondrogenic differentiation, as assessed by significant increases in Sox9 and aggrecan. Conversely, PEG-PDMS-BMP2 scaffolds stimulated increased levels of osteoblastic markers with significant mineral deposition. A "Transition" zone formulation was then developed containing a graded mixture of the chondrogenic and osteogenic signals present in the PEG-CSC-TGFβ1 and PEG-PDMS-BMP2 constructs. SMSCs within the "Transition" formulation displayed a phenotypic profile similar to hypertrophic chondrocytes, with the highest expression of collagen X, intermediate levels of osteopontin, and mineralization levels equivalent to "bone" formulations. Overall, these results suggest that a graded transition from PEG-CSC-TGFβ1 to PEG-PDMS-BMP2 scaffolds elicits a gradual SMSC phenotypic shift from chondrocyte to hypertrophic chondrocyte to osteoblast-like. As such, further development of these scaffold formulations for use in SMSC-based OCD repair is warranted. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2019-2029, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josh D Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Tanmay Gharat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Dany J Munoz Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Satyavrata Samavedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert Bearden
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - W Brian Saunders
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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15
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Reisbig NA, Pinnell E, Scheuerman L, Hussein H, Bertone AL. Synovium extra cellular matrices seeded with transduced mesenchymal stem cells stimulate chondrocyte maturation in vitro and cartilage healing in clinically-induced rat-knee lesions in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212664. [PMID: 30861010 PMCID: PMC6414009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease associated with cartilage injury and its inherently limited repair capability. Synovium-based cellular constructs (sConstructs) are proposed as possible treatments. Equine sConstructs were produced from decellularized synovium-based extracellular matrix scaffolds (sECM) seeded with synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (sMSC), and engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP), or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Survival, distribution, and chondrogenic potential of the sConstructs in vitro and in vivo were assessed. sConstructs in co-culture with chondrocytes increased chondrocyte proliferation, viability, and Col II production, greatest in BMP-2-sConstructs. Chondrocyte presence increased the production of hyaluronic acid (HA), proteoglycan (PG), and BMP-2 by the sConstructs in a positive feedback loop. sECM alone, or GFP- or BMP-2-sConstructs were implanted in synovium adjacent to clinically created full-thickness rat-knee cartilage lesions. At 5 weeks, the lesion area and implants were resected. Gross anatomy, adjacent articulate cartilage growth and subchondral bone repair were scored; and peripheral, central and cartilage lesion measurements taken. For all scores and measurements, sConstruct implants were significantly greater than controls, greatest with the BMP-2-sConstructs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated migration of endogenous cells into the sECM, with greater cellularity in the constructs with intense positive GFP staining confirming engraftment of implanted sMSC and continued gene expression. In summary, exposing cartilage to sConstructs was chondrogenic in vitro and in vivo, and resulted in substantially increased growth in vivo. This effect was mediated, in part, by soluble ECM and cell factors and upregulation of anabolic growth proteins, such as BMP-2. This work is "proof of concept" that sConstructs surgically implanted adjacent to cartilage damage can significantly improve cartilage and subchondral bone repair, and potentially prevent the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A. Reisbig
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Erin Pinnell
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Logan Scheuerman
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alicia L. Bertone
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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16
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MicroRNA-218 promotes early chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits later chondrocyte maturation. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30646874 PMCID: PMC6334453 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) reportedly participate in the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenic differentiation regulation. We objected to examine how miR-218 regulate chondrogenic differentiation of synovium-derived MSCs (SDSCs) and the maturation of RCJ3.1C5.1 chondrocytes. SDSCs were sourced from the knee joint synovium of New Zealand white rabbits, and their multilineage differentiation potentials were examined. The level of miR-218 was measured during SDSC chondrogenic differentiation, together with determination of SDSCs chondrogenic markers and RCJ3.1C5.1 chondrocytes maturation markers expression level after transfection of miR-218 mimics/inhibitor. Results miR-218 expression was notably upregulated in early chondrogenesis but mostly ceased during the maturation phases of chondrogenic differentiation in SDSCs. The transfection of miR-218 mimics notably enhanced SDSCs chondrocytes differentiation, as evidenced by augmented expressions of chondrogenic markers (SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN, GAG, and COMP) in terms of mRNA and protein level, and the inhibition of miR-218 yielded opposite resutls. Additionally, miR-218 overexpression substantially suppressed the expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, BSP, COL1A1, OCN and OPN) during the early stage of chondrogenesis while increasing that of chondrogenic markers (SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN, GAG and COMP). However, miR-218 mimics notably suppressed maturation markers (CMP, COL10A1, MMP-13 and VEGF) expression in RCJ3.1C5.18 chondrocytes, and the miR-218 inhibitor promoted the expression of these maturation markers. We proposed miR-218 plays a regulatory role on 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD), which plays a key role in chondrogenic differentiation, and this finding indicates that miR-218 directly regulates HPGD expression in SDSCs. Conclusion Our study suggests that miR-218 contributes to early chondrogenesis while suppressing later chondrocyte maturation. The miR-218-HPGD pathway offers us a perspective into how SDSCs differentiate into chondrogenic cells.
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17
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Jonitz-Heincke A, Klinder A, Boy D, Salamon A, Hansmann D, Pasold J, Buettner A, Bader R. In Vitro Analysis of the Differentiation Capacity of Postmortally Isolated Human Chondrocytes Influenced by Different Growth Factors and Oxygen Levels. Cartilage 2019; 10:111-119. [PMID: 28715962 PMCID: PMC6376569 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517719318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present in vitro study, we analyzed the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of human chondrocytes postmortally isolated from unaffected knee cartilage by the addition of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and/or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and different oxygen levels. DESIGN After 14 and 35 days, DNA concentrations and protein contents of Col1, Col2, aggrecan as well as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of chondrocytes cultivated as pellet cultures were analyzed. Additionally, expression rates of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-associated differentiation markers were assessed in monolayer cultures. RESULTS All cultivated chondrocytes were found to be CD29+/CD44+/CD105+/CD166+. Chondrocytic pellets stimulated with TGF-β1 showed enhanced synthesis rates of hyaline cartilage markers and reduced expression of the non-hyaline cartilage marker Col1 under hypoxic culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline the substantial chondrogenic potential of human chondrocytes postmortally isolated from unaffected articular knee cartilage especially in case of TGF-β1 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany,Anika Jonitz-Heincke, Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Annett Klinder
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Diana Boy
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Achim Salamon
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Doris Hansmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane Pasold
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Buettner
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Platelet lysate enhances synovial fluid multipotential stromal cells functions: Implications for therapeutic use. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:375-384. [PMID: 29398623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Although intra-articular injection of platelet products is increasingly used for joint regenerative approaches, there are few data on their biological effects on joint-resident multipotential stromal cells (MSCs), which are directly exposed to the effects of these therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of platelet lysate (PL) on synovial fluid-derived MSCs (SF-MSCs), which in vivo have direct access to sites of cartilage injury. METHODS SF-MSCs were obtained during knee arthroscopic procedures (N = 7). Colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F), flow-cytometric phenotyping, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-based immunomodulation for T-cell and trilineage differentiation assays were performed using PL and compared with standard conditions. RESULTS PL-enhanced SF-MSC (PL-MSC) proliferation as CFU-F colonies was 1.4-fold larger, and growing cultures had shorter population-doubling times. PL-MSCs and fetal calf serum (FCS)-MSCs had the same immunophenotype and similar immunomodulation activities. In chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays, PL-MSCs produced 10% more sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and 45% less Ca++ compared with FCS-MSCs, respectively. Replacing chondrogenic medium transforming growth factor-β3 with 20% or 50% PL further increased sGAG production of PL-MSCs by 69% and 95%, respectively, compared with complete chondrogenic medium. Also, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium high glucose (HG-DMEM) plus 50% PL induced more chondrogenesis compared with HG-DMEM plus 10% FCS and was comparable to complete chondrogenic medium. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess SF-MSC responses to PL and provides biological support to the hypothesis that PL may be capable of modulating multiple functional aspects of joint resident MSCs with direct access to injured cartilage.
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Chijimatsu R, Kobayashi M, Ebina K, Iwahashi T, Okuno Y, Hirao M, Fukuhara A, Nakamura N, Yoshikawa H. Impact of dexamethasone concentration on cartilage tissue formation from human synovial derived stem cells in vitro. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:819-829. [PMID: 29352392 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human synovial mesenchymal stem cells (hSMSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration because of their superior chondrogenic potential in vitro. This study aimed to further optimize the conditions for inducing chondrogenesis of hSMSCs, focusing on the dose of dexamethasone in combination with transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) and/or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). When hSMSCs-derived aggregates were cultured with TGFβ3, dexamethasone up to 10 nM promoted chondrogenesis, but attenuated it with heterogeneous tissue formation when used at concentrations over than 100 nM. On the other hands, BMP2-induced chondrogenesis was remarkably disturbed in the presence of more than 10 nM dexamethasone along with unexpected adipogenic differentiation. In the presence of both TGFβ3 and BMP2, dexamethasone dose dependently promoted cartilaginous tissue formation as judged by tissue volume, proteoglycan content, and type 2 collagen expression, whereas few adipocytes were detected in the formed tissue when cultures were supplemented with over 100 nM dexamethasone. Even in chondrogenic conditions, dexamethasone thus affected hSMSCs differentiation not only toward chondrocytes, but also towards adipocytes dependent on the dose and combined growth factor. These findings have important implications regarding the use of glucocorticoids in in vitro tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration using hSMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toru Iwahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Kita-ku Tenma, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Delgado-Enciso I, Paz-Garcia J, Rodriguez-Hernandez A, Madrigal-Perez VM, Cabrera-Licona A, Garcia-Rivera A, Soriano-Hernandez AD, Cortes-Bazan JL, Galvan-Salazar HR, Valtierra-Alvarez J, Guzman-Esquivel J, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Paz-Michel B. A promising novel formulation for articular cartilage regeneration: Preclinical evaluation of a treatment that produces SOX9 overexpression in human synovial fluid cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3503-3510. [PMID: 29286152 PMCID: PMC5802147 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder of synovial joints, in which there is progressive softening and disintegration of the articular cartilage. OA is the most common form of arthritis, and is the primary cause of disability and impaired quality of life in the elderly. Despite considerable medical necessity, no treatment has yet been proven to act as a disease‑modifying agent that may halt or reverse the structural progression of OA. The replacement of the joint with a prosthesis appears to be the best option in the advanced stages of the disease. A formulation (BIOF2) for cartilage regeneration has been recently developed. The present study evaluated the effects of BIOF2 on gene expression in human cell cultures, followed by efficacy trials in three OA animal models. Human synovial fluid cells that were exposed to the formulation exhibited increased transcription factor SOX‑9 (SOX9; chondrogenic factor) expression, and decreased mimecan (mineralization inducer) and macrophage‑stimulating protein receptor (osteoclastogenic factor) expression. The intra‑articular application of BIOF2 in the animal models significantly increased cartilage thickness from 12 to 31% at 28 days, compared with articular cartilage treated with saline solution. The articular area and number of chondrocytes additionally increased significantly, maintaining an unaltered chondrocyte/mm2 proportion. Evaluation of the histological architecture additionally displayed a decrease in the grade of articular damage in the groups treated with BIOF2. In conclusion, BIOF2 has proven to be effective for treating OA in animal models, most likely due to SOX9 overexpression in articular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28000, Mexico
| | - Juan Paz-Garcia
- Centro Hospitalario Union, Villa de Álvarez, Colima 28950, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose L Cortes-Bazan
- Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima 28000, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Nuevo Leon Autonomous University, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, México
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Alshenibr W, Tashkandi MM, Alsaqer SF, Alkheriji Y, Wise A, Fulzele S, Mehra P, Goldring MB, Gerstenfeld LC, Bais MV. Anabolic role of lysyl oxidase like-2 in cartilage of knee and temporomandibular joints with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:179. [PMID: 28764769 PMCID: PMC5540418 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) is a copper-dependent amine oxidase. Our previous studies showed that LOXL2 is elevated during mouse fracture healing. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of LOXL2 to act as an anabolic agent in cartilage affected by osteoarthritis (OA). Methods LOXL2 was visualized in tissues from human knee and hip joints and temporomandibular joints (TMJ) by immunofluorescence. The activity of LOXL2 in human articular and TMJ chondrocytes was assessed by cell-based assays, microarray analysis, and RT-qPCR, and LOXL2-mediated activation of NF-κB and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathways was measured by western blotting. To examine LOXL2-induced effect in vivo, we implanted Matrigel-imbedded human chondrocytes into nude mice and exposed them to exogenous LOXL2 for 6 weeks. Finally, LOXL2-induced effects on collagen type 2 α1 (COL2A1) and phospho-SMAD2/3 were evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis. Results LOXL2 staining was detected in damaged regions of human TMJ, hip and knee joints affected by OA. Stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 upregulated LOXL2 expression, while pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α downregulated LOXL2, in human chondrocytes. Viral transduction of LOXL2 in OA chondrocytes increased the mRNA levels of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG4), aggrecan (ACAN), sex determining region Y-box containing gene 9 (SOX9), and COL2A1 but reduced the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading enzymes matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, MMP3, and MMP13. Further, forced expression of LOXL2 promoted chondrogenic lineage-specific gene expression, increased the expression of COL2A1 in the presence of TNF-α, and inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis. LOXL2 expression also inhibited IL-1β-induced phospho-NF-κB/p65 and TGF-β1-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Matrigel constructs of human chondrocytes from the knee joint and TMJ implanted in nude mice showed anabolic responses after LOXL2 transduction, including increased expression of SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1. Finally, immunofluorescence staining revealed co-localization of LOXL2 with SOX9 in the nuclei of cells in the implants, decreased phospho-SMAD2/3, and increased COL2A1 staining. Conclusion Our results suggest that although LOXL2 is upregulated in cartilage affected by OA, this may be a protective response that promotes anabolism while inhibiting specific catabolic responses in the pathophysiology of OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1388-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam Alshenibr
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, W-216, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mustafa M Tashkandi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, W-216, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Saqer F Alsaqer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, W-216, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yazeed Alkheriji
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, W-216, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amelia Wise
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Pushkar Mehra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 100 East Newton Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Manish V Bais
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, W-216, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Differentiation potential of synoviocytes derived from joints with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and medial patella luxation in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:370-377. [PMID: 28711819 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the differentiation capability of synoviocytes derived from dogs with inflammatory joint conditions. Cranial cruciate ligament ruptured (CCLr) (n=12) and medial patella luxated (MPL) (n=10) knee joints of the dogs were used to collect the synovial membrane (SM). Synoviocytes were enzymatically released from the SM and analyzed by flow cytometry for specific cellular markers (CD44 and CD90) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), while doing histopathology from another part of SM sections. Under specific culture conditions, synoviocytes were forced to differentiate into chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis to investigate the multipotency. Upon treatments phenotypes of cell cultures were analyzed by histopathology and by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the expression of each differentiation marker genes. Although flow cytometry showing similar MSCs populations in CCLr and MPL synovium, synovial cells derived from CCLr showed higher multipotency compared to MPL-derived samples. Further, synovial changes such as vascularity, mononuclear cell infiltration and cellular hypertrophy were more pronounced in CCLr-derived synovial tissue than in MPL. Taken together, these findings suggested that the differentiation capability of SM-derived multipotent stem cells varies with inflammatory severity occurring in different joint conditions.
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23
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Pei M. Environmental preconditioning rejuvenates adult stem cells' proliferation and chondrogenic potential. Biomaterials 2016; 117:10-23. [PMID: 27923196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration. Unfortunately, due to donor age and ex vivo expansion, stem cell senescence becomes a huge hurdle for these cells to be used clinically. Increasing evidence indicates that environmental preconditioning is a powerful approach in promoting stem cells' ability to resist a harsh environment post-engraftment, such as hypoxia and inflammation. However, few reports organize and evaluate the literature regarding the rejuvenation effect of environmental preconditioning on stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation capacity, which are important variables for stem cell based tissue regeneration. This report aims to identify several critical environmental factors such as oxygen concentration, growth factors, and extracellular matrix and to discuss their preconditioning influence on stem cells' rejuvenation including proliferation and chondrogenic potential as well as underlying molecular mechanisms. We believe that environmental preconditioning based rejuvenation is a simpler and safer strategy to program pre-engraftment stem cells for better survival and enhanced proliferation and differentiation capacity without the undesired effects of some treatments, such as genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Optimization of human mesenchymal stem cell isolation from synovial membrane: Implications for subsequent tissue engineering effectiveness. Regen Ther 2016; 5:79-85. [PMID: 31245505 PMCID: PMC6581834 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDMSCs) are one of the most suitable sources for cartilage repair because of their chondrogenic and proliferative capacity. However, the isolation methods for SDMSCs have not been extensively characterized. Thus, our aim in this study was to optimize the processes of enzymatic isolation followed by culture expansion in order to increase the number of SDMSCs obtained from the original tissue. Human synovium obtained from 18 donors (1.5 g/donor) was divided into three aliquots. The samples were minced and subjected to collagenase digestion, followed by different procedures: Group 1, Tissue fragments were removed by filtering followed by removing floating tissue; Group 2, No filtering. Only floating fragments were removed; Group 3, No fragments were removed. Subsequently, each aliquot was sub-divided into two density subgroups with half. In Group 1, the cell-containing media was plated either at high (5000 cells/cm2) or low density (1000 cells/cm2). In Groups 2 and 3, the media containing cells and tissue was plated onto the same number of culture dishes as used in Group 1, either at high or low density. At every passage, the cells plated at high density were consistently re-plated at high and those plated at low density were likewise. The expanded cell yields at day 21 following cell isolation were calculated. These cell populations were then evaluated for their osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation capabilities. The final cell yields per 0.25 g tissue in Group 1 were similar at high and low density, while those in Groups 2 and 3 exhibited higher when cultured at low density. The cell yields at low density were 0.7 ± 1.2 × 107 in Group 1, 5.7 ± 1.1 × 107 in Group 2, 4.3 ± 1.2 × 107 in Group 3 (Group 1 vs Groups 2 and 3, p < 0.05). In addition, the cells obtained in each low density subgroup exhibited equivalent osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. Thus, it was evident that filtering leads to a loss of cells and does not affect the differentiation capacities. In conclusion, exclusion of a filtering procedure could contribute to obtain higher number of SDMSCs from synovial membrane without losing differentiation capacities. The processes of enzymatic isolation of MSCs from synovium have been optimized. Exclusion of filtering the undigested synovial debris provides higher number of SDMSCs. Exclusion of filtering the undigested synovial debris provides higher number of MSCs.
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25
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Sun AX, Numpaisal PO, Gottardi R, Shen H, Yang G, Tuan RS. Cell and Biomimetic Scaffold-Based Approaches for Cartilage Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.oto.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Armakolas N, Dimakakos A, Armakolas A, Antonopoulos A, Koutsilieris M. Possible role of the Ec peptide of IGF‑1Ec in cartilage repair. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3066-72. [PMID: 27571686 PMCID: PMC5042773 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ec peptide (PEc) of insulin-like growth factor 1 Ec (IGF-1Ec) induces human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) mobilization and activates extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in various cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PEc on the mobilization and differentiation of hMSCs, as well as the possibility of its implementation in combination with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) for cartilage repair. The effects of the exogenous administration of PEc and TGF‑β1, alone and in combination, on hMSCs were assessed using a trypan blue assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, Alcian blue staining, wound healing assays and migration/invasion assays. It was determined that PEc is involved in the differentiation process of hMSCs towards hyaline cartilage. Treatment of hMSCs with either PEc, TGF‑β1 or both, demonstrated comparable cartilage matrix deposition. Furthermore, treatment with PEc in combination with TGF‑β1 was associated with a significant increase in hMSC mobilization when compared with treatment with TGF‑β1 or PEc alone (P<0.05). Thus, PEc appears to facilitate in vitro hMSC mobilization and differentiation towards chondrocytes, enhancing the role of TGF‑β1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Dimakakos
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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27
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Pizzute T, Zhang Y, He F, Pei M. Ascorbate-dependent impact on cell-derived matrix in modulation of stiffness and rejuvenation of infrapatellar fat derived stem cells toward chondrogenesis. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:045009. [PMID: 27508528 PMCID: PMC5004760 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/4/045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing an in vitro microenvironment using cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a promising approach to efficiently expand adult stem cells for cartilage engineering and regeneration. Ascorbic acid serves as a critical stimulus for cells to synthesize collagens, which constitute the major component of dECM. In this study, we hypothesized that optimization of ascorbate treatment would maximize the rejuvenation effect of dECM on expanded stem cells from human infrapatellar fat pad in both proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. In the duration regimen study, we found that dECM without L-ascorbic acid phosphate (AA) treatment, exhibiting lower stiffness measured by atomic force microscopy, yielded expanded cells with higher proliferation capacity but lower chondrogenic potential when compared to those with varied durations of AA treatment. dECM with 250 µM of AA treatment for 10 d had better rejuvenation in chondrogenic capacity if the deposited cells were from passage 2 rather than passage 5, despite no significant difference in matrix stiffness. In the dose regimen study, we found that dECMs deposited by varied concentrations of AA yielded expanded cells with higher proliferation capacity despite lower expression levels of stem cell related surface markers. Compared to cells expanded on tissue culture polystyrene, those on dECM exhibited greater chondrogenic potential, particularly for the dECMs with 50 µM and 250 µM of AA treatment. With the supplementation of ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB), an inhibitor targeting procollagen synthesis, the dECM with 50 µM of AA treatment exhibited a dramatic decrease in the rejuvenation effect of expanded cell chondrogenic potential at both mRNA and protein levels despite no significant difference in matrix stiffness. Defined AA treatments during matrix preparation will benefit dECM-mediated stem cell engineering and future treatments for cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pizzute
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Fan He
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Bone morphogenetic protein 2 stimulates chondrogenesis of equine synovial membrane-derived progenitor cells. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2016; 29:378-85. [PMID: 27468832 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-02-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is critical for skeletal and cartilage development, homeostasis and repair. This study was conducted to clone and characterize equine BMP-2, develop expression constructs for equine BMP-2, and to determine whether BMP-2 can stimulate chondrogenesis of equine synovial membrane-derived progenitor cells (SMPC). METHODS Equine BMP-2 cDNA was amplified from chondrocyte RNA, and then transferred into an expression plasmid and adenoviral vector. Effective expression of equine BMP-2 was confirmed using a BMP reporter cell line. SMPC were isolated from synovium, expanded through two passages and transferred to chondrogenic cultures, with recombinant human (rh) transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) or rhBMP-2. Chondrogenesis was assessed by up-regulation of collagen types II and X, and aggrecan mRNA, secretion of collagen type II protein and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), and by alkaline phosphatase induction. Chondrogenic stimulation of SMPC by the equine BMP-2 adenovirus was assessed by sGAG secretion and histology. RESULTS The mature equine BMP-2 peptide is identical to human and murine peptides. Recombinant human BMP-2 and TGF-β1 stimulated equivalent amounts of collagen type II protein in SMPC pellets, but sGAG secretion was doubled by BMP-2. Neither factor stimulated hypertrophic marker expression. The equine BMP-2 adenoviral vector induced chondrogenesis comparably to rhBMP-2 protein, with no indication of hypertrophy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is a potent inducer of SMPC non-hypertrophic chondrogenesis, supporting the use of this combination for articular cartilage repair applications.
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Kwon H, Paschos NK, Hu JC, Athanasiou K. Articular cartilage tissue engineering: the role of signaling molecules. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1173-94. [PMID: 26811234 PMCID: PMC5435375 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective early disease modifying options for osteoarthritis remain lacking. Tissue engineering approach to generate cartilage in vitro has emerged as a promising option for articular cartilage repair and regeneration. Signaling molecules and matrix modifying agents, derived from knowledge of cartilage development and homeostasis, have been used as biochemical stimuli toward cartilage tissue engineering and have led to improvements in the functionality of engineered cartilage. Clinical translation of neocartilage faces challenges, such as phenotypic instability of the engineered cartilage, poor integration, inflammation, and catabolic factors in the arthritic environment; these can all contribute to failure of implanted neocartilage. A comprehensive understanding of signaling molecules involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis and their actions on engineered cartilage will be crucial. Thus, while it is important to continue deriving inspiration from cartilage development and homeostasis, it has become increasingly necessary to incorporate knowledge from osteoarthritis pathogenesis into cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heenam Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nikolaos K Paschos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kyriacos Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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30
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Pizzute T, Lynch K, Pei M. Impact of tissue-specific stem cells on lineage-specific differentiation: a focus on the musculoskeletal system. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:119-32. [PMID: 25113801 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific stem cells are found throughout the body and, with proper intervention and environmental cues, these stem cells exercise their capabilities for differentiation into several lineages to form cartilage, bone, muscle, and adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, it has been widely demonstrated that they do not differentiate with the same efficacy during lineage-specific differentiation studies, as the tissue-specific stem cells are generally more effective when differentiating toward the tissues from which they were derived. This review focuses on four mesodermal lineages for tissue-specific stem cell differentiation: adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, myogenesis, and osteogenesis. It is intended to give insight into current multilineage differentiation and comparative research, highlight and contrast known trends regarding differentiation, and introduce supporting evidence which demonstrates particular tissue-specific stem cells' superiority in lineage-specific differentiation, along with their resident tissue origins and natural roles. In addition, some epigenetic and transcriptomic differences between stem cells which may explain the observed trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pizzute
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
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Zhang L, Chen S, Bao N, Yang C, Ti Y, Zhou L, Zhao J. Sox4 enhances chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation of human synovium-derived stem cell via activation of long noncoding RNA DANCR. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:467-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Luo L, Thorpe SD, Buckley CT, Kelly DJ. The effects of dynamic compression on the development of cartilage grafts engineered using bone marrow and infrapatellar fat pad derived stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:055011. [PMID: 26391756 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/5/055011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioreactors that subject cell seeded scaffolds or hydrogels to biophysical stimulation have been used to improve the functionality of tissue engineered cartilage and to explore how such constructs might respond to the application of joint specific mechanical loading. Whether a particular cell type responds appropriately to physiological levels of biophysical stimulation could be considered a key determinant of its suitability for cartilage tissue engineering applications. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dynamic compression on chondrogenesis of stem cells isolated from different tissue sources. Porcine bone marrow (BM) and infrapatellar fat pad (FP) derived stem cells were encapsulated in agarose hydrogels and cultured in a chondrogenic medium in free swelling (FS) conditions for 21 d, after which samples were subjected to dynamic compression (DC) of 10% strain (1 Hz, 1 h d(-1)) for a further 21 d. Both BM derived stem cells (BMSCs) and FP derived stem cells (FPSCs) were capable of generating cartilaginous tissues with near native levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content, although the spatial development of the engineered grafts strongly depended on the stem cell source. The mechanical properties of cartilage grafts generated from both stem cell sources also approached that observed in skeletally immature animals. Depending on the stem cell source and the donor, the application of DC either enhanced or had no significant effect on the functional development of cartilaginous grafts engineered using either BMSCs or FPSCs. BMSC seeded constructs subjected to DC stained less intensely for collagen type I. Furthermore, histological and micro-computed tomography analysis showed mineral deposition within BMSC seeded constructs was suppressed by the application of DC. Therefore, while the application of DC in vitro may only lead to modest improvements in the mechanical functionality of cartilaginous grafts, it may play an important role in the development of phenotypically stable constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Seo JP, Kambayashi Y, Itho M, Haneda S, Yamada K, Furuoka H, Tabata Y, Sasaki N. Effects of a synovial flap and gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate sponges loaded with mesenchymal stem cells, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and platelet rich plasma on equine osteochondral defects. Res Vet Sci 2015; 101:140-3. [PMID: 26267104 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a synovial flap and gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate (GT) sponge loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and platelet rich plasma (PRP) for repairing of osteochondral defects in horses. Osteochondral defects were created on the medial condyle of both femurs (n=5). In the test group, a GT sponge loaded with MSCs, BMP-2, and PRP (GT/MSCs/BMP-2/PRP) was inserted into the defect and then covered with a synovial flap. In the control group, the defect was treated only with the GT/MSCs/BMP-2/PRP. The test group showed significantly higher macroscopic scores than the control group. In addition, hyaline cartilaginous tissue was detected in the test group in areas larger than those in the control group. This study demonstrated that the combination of a synovial flap and GT sponge loaded with MSCs, BMP-2, and PRP promoted osteochondral regeneration in an equine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Pil Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-City, Jejudo 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshinori Kambayashi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-City, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Itho
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-City, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-City, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Yamada
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-City, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Furuoka
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-City, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro-City, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Hunziker EB, Lippuner K, Keel MJ, Shintani N. Age-Independent Cartilage Generation for Synovium-Based Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2089-98. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst B. Hunziker
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Lippuner
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marius J.B. Keel
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nahoko Shintani
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Huang Z, Nooeaid P, Kohl B, Roether JA, Schubert DW, Meier C, Boccaccini AR, Godkin O, Ertel W, Arens S, Schulze-Tanzil G. Chondrogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in highly porous alginate-foams supplemented with chondroitin sulfate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 50:160-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Low-density expansion protects human synovium-derived stem cells from replicative senescence: a preliminary study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 2:363-74. [PMID: 25787175 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our hypothesis in this study is that low seeding density expansion could retain human synovium-derived stem cell (hSDSC) "stemness", defined as higher proliferation and multi-differentiation capacity; retention of "stemness" probably occurs through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. hSDSCs were expanded in conventional plastic flasks for two consecutive passages at either low or high density (30 or 3,000 cells/cm(2)). Expanded cells were assessed for the effect of seeding density on their morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell surface markers, and multi-lineage differentiation capacity (chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation) using flow cytometry, biochemical analysis, histology, immunostaining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The MAPK signaling pathway (Erk1/2, p38, and JNK) and senescence-associated markers (p21 and caveolin) were also evaluated for their role in cell density-based monolayer expansion using western blot. Our data suggested that low seeding density expansion yielded hSDSCs with enhanced proliferation and multi-differentiation capacity compared to those grown at high seeding density, despite the fact that the cells expanded at both high and low density had lower osteogenic capacity. Low seeding density also down-regulated Erk1/2 and JNK expression and up-regulated p38 expression, which might be responsible for the retained "stemness" in the cells expanded at low density. Low seeding density expansion could retain hSDSC proliferation and multi-differentiation capacity and protect cells from replicative senescence.
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O'Connell GD, Tan AR, Cui V, Bulinski JC, Cook JL, Attur M, Abramson SB, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Human chondrocyte migration behaviour to guide the development of engineered cartilage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:877-886. [PMID: 25627968 DOI: 10.1002/term.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineering techniques have been successful in developing cartilage-like tissues in vitro using cells from animal sources. The successful translation of these strategies to the clinic will likely require cell expansion to achieve sufficient cell numbers. Using a two-dimensional (2D) cell migration assay to first identify the passage at which chondrocytes exhibited their greatest chondrogenic potential, the objective of this study was to determine a more optimal culture medium for developing three-dimensional (3D) cartilage-like tissues using human cells. We evaluated combinations of commonly used growth factors that have been shown to promote chondrogenic growth and development. Human articular chondrocytes (AC) from osteoarthritic (OA) joints were cultured in 3D environments, either in pellets or encapsulated in agarose. The effect of growth factor supplementation was dependent on the environment, such that matrix deposition differed between the two culture systems. ACs in pellet culture were more responsive to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) alone or combinations containing BMP2 (i.e. BMP2 with PDGF or FGF). However, engineered cartilage development within agarose was better for constructs cultured with TGFβ3. These results with agarose and pellet culture studies set the stage for the development of conditions appropriate for culturing 3D functional engineered cartilage for eventual use in human therapies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrea R Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Cui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Chloe Bulinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James L Cook
- Missouri Orthopedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven B Abramson
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Controlled release of transforming growth factor-β3 from cartilage-extra-cellular-matrix-derived scaffolds to promote chondrogenesis of human-joint-tissue-derived stem cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4400-9. [PMID: 24907658 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a scaffold derived from cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) that could be used as a growth factor delivery system to promote chondrogenesis of stem cells. Dehydrothermal crosslinked scaffolds were fabricated using a slurry of homogenized porcine articular cartilage, which was then seeded with human infrapatellar-fat-pad-derived stem cells (FPSCs). It was found that these ECM-derived scaffolds promoted superior chondrogenesis of FPSCs when the constructs were additionally stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3. Cell-mediated contraction of the scaffold was observed, which could be limited by the additional use of 1-ethyl-3-3dimethyl aminopropyl carbodiimide (EDAC) crosslinking without suppressing cartilage-specific matrix accumulation within the construct. To further validate the utility of the ECM-derived scaffold, we next compared its chondro-permissive properties to a biomimetic collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold optimized for cartilage tissue engineering (TE) applications. The cartilage-ECM-derived scaffold supported at least comparable chondrogenesis to the collagen-HA scaffold, underwent less contraction and retained a greater proportion of synthesized sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Having developed a promising scaffold for TE, with superior chondrogenesis observed in the presence of exogenously supplied TGF-β3, the final phase of the study explored whether this scaffold could be used as a TGF-β3 delivery system to promote chondrogenesis of FPSCs. It was found that the majority of TGF-β3 that was loaded onto the scaffold was released in a controlled manner over the first 10days of culture, with comparable long-term chondrogenesis observed in these TGF-β3-loaded constructs compared to scaffolds where the TGF-β3 was continuously added to the media. The results of this study support the use of cartilage-ECM-derived scaffolds as a growth factor delivery system for use in articular cartilage regeneration.
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Warnock JJ, Bobe G, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF. Fibrochondrogenic potential of synoviocytes from osteoarthritic and normal joints cultured as tensioned bioscaffolds for meniscal tissue engineering in dogs. PeerJ 2014; 2:e581. [PMID: 25289180 PMCID: PMC4183955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniscal tears are a common cause of stifle lameness in dogs. Use of autologous synoviocytes from the affected stifle is an attractive cell source for tissue engineering replacement fibrocartilage. However, the diseased state of these cells may impede in vitro fibrocartilage formation. Synoviocytes from 12 osteoarthritic (“oaTSB”) and 6 normal joints (“nTSB”) were cultured as tensioned bioscaffolds and compared for their ability to synthesize fibrocartilage sheets. Gene expression of collagens type I and II were higher and expression of interleukin-6 was lower in oaTSB versus nTSB. Compared with nTSB, oaTSB had more glycosaminoglycan and alpha smooth muscle staining and less collagen I and II staining on histologic analysis, whereas collagen and glycosaminoglycan quantities were similar. In conclusion, osteoarthritic joint—origin synoviocytes can produce extracellular matrix components of meniscal fibrocartilage at similar levels to normal joint—origin synoviocytes, which makes them a potential cell source for canine meniscal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Warnock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR , United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR , United States
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Matrilin-3 chondrodysplasia mutations cause attenuated chondrogenesis, premature hypertrophy and aberrant response to TGF-β in chondroprogenitor cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14555-73. [PMID: 25196597 PMCID: PMC4159868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that mutations in the matrilin-3 gene (MATN3) are associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD). We tested whether MATN3 mutations affect the differentiation of chondroprogenitor and/or mesenchymal stem cells, which are precursors to chondrocytes. ATDC5 chondroprogenitors stably expressing wild-type (WT) MATN3 underwent spontaneous chondrogenesis. Expression of chondrogenic markers collagen II and aggrecan was inhibited in chondroprogenitors carrying the MED or SEMD MATN3 mutations. Hypertrophic marker collagen X remained attenuated in WT MATN3 chondroprogenitors, whereas its expression was elevated in chondroprogenitors expressing the MED or SEMD mutant MATN3 gene suggesting that these mutations inhibit chondrogenesis but promote hypertrophy. TGF-β treatment failed to rescue chondrogenesis markers but dramatically increased collagen X mRNA expression in mutant MATN3 expressing chondroprogenitors. Synovium derived mesenchymal stem cells harboring the SEMD mutation exhibited lower glycosaminoglycan content than those of WT MATN3 in response to TGF-β. Our results suggest that the properties of progenitor cells harboring MATN3 chondrodysplasia mutations were altered, as evidenced by attenuated chondrogenesis and premature hypertrophy. TGF-β treatment failed to completely rescue chondrogenesis but instead induced hypertrophy in mutant MATN3 chondroprogenitors. Our data suggest that chondroprogenitor cells should be considered as a potential target of chondrodysplasia therapy.
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Kim YI, Ryu JS, Yeo JE, Choi YJ, Kim YS, Ko K, Koh YG. Overexpression of TGF-β1 enhances chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation of human synovium-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1593-9. [PMID: 25035928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily proteins play a critical role in proliferation, differentiation, and other functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). During chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, TGF-β up-regulates chondrogenic gene expression by enhancing the expression of the transcription factor SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box9 (Sox9). In this study, we investigated the effect of continuous TGF-β1 overexpression in human synovium-derived MSCs (hSD-MSCs) on immunophenotype, differentiation potential, and proliferation rate. hSD-MSCs were transduced with recombinant retroviruses (rRV) encoding TGF-β1. The results revealed that continuous overexpression of TGF-β1 did not affect their phenotype as evidenced by flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). In addition, continuous TGF-β1 overexpression strongly enhanced cell proliferation of hSD-MSCs compared to the control groups. Also, induction of chondrogenesis was more effective in rRV-TGFB-transduced hSD-MSCs as shown by RT-PCR for chondrogenic markers, toluidine blue staining and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA ratio. Our data suggest that overexpression of TGF-β1 positively enhances the proliferation and chondrogenic potential of hSD-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Il Kim
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Ryu
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Yeo
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jin Choi
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Kim
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gon Koh
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mesallati T, Buckley CT, Kelly DJ. Engineering articular cartilage-like grafts by self-assembly of infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1686-98. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Mesallati
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER); Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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Baboolal TG, Boxall SA, Churchman SM, Buckley CT, Jones E, McGonagle D. Intrinsic multipotential mesenchymal stromal cell activity in gelatinous Heberden's nodes in osteoarthritis at clinical presentation. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R119. [PMID: 24894724 PMCID: PMC4075346 DOI: 10.1186/ar4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gelatinous Heberden's nodes (HNs), also termed synovial cysts, are a common form of generalized osteoarthritis (OA). We sought to determine whether HN cases at clinical presentation contained multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) and to explore whether such cells were more closely related to bone marrow (BM) or synovial fluid (SF) MSCs by transcriptional analysis. METHODS At clinical presentation, gelatinous material was extracted/extruded from the distal phalangeal joint of OA patients with HNs. From this, plastic adherent cells were culture-expanded for phenotypic and functional characterization and comparison with BM- and SF-MSCs. Mesenchymal related gene expression was studied by using a custom-designed TaqMan Low Density Array to determine transcriptional similarities between different MSC groups and skin fibroblasts. RESULTS In all cases, HN material produced MSC-like colonies. Adherent cultures displayed an MSC phenotype (CD29(+), CD44(+), CD73(+), CD81(+), and CD90(+) and CD14(-) CD19(-), CD31(-), CD34(-), CD45(-), and HLADR(-)) and exhibited osteogenic, chondrogenic lineage differentiation but weak adipogenesis. Gene cluster analysis showed that HN-MSCs were more closely related to SF- than normal or OA BM-MSCs with significantly higher expression of synovium-related gene markers such as bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A (BMPR1A), protein/leucine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6) (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gelatinous HNs derived from hand OA at clinical presentation contain a population of MSCs that share transcriptional similarities with SF-derived MSCs. Their aberrant entrapment within the synovial cysts may impact on their normal role in joint homeostasis.
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Seol D, Yu Y, Choe H, Jang K, Brouillette MJ, Zheng H, Lim TH, Buckwalter JA, Martin JA. Effect of short-term enzymatic treatment on cell migration and cartilage regeneration: in vitro organ culture of bovine articular cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1807-14. [PMID: 24428547 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on the damage extent and adjacent tissue condition in traumatic cartilage injury, it is possible to heal the tissue by resident cells. Unlike autologous chondrocyte implantation, short-term enzymatic treatment is an effective single-step procedure without extra cell expansion. Moreover, this method has been shown to significantly increase cellularity in lesion edges, resulting in enhanced integration and interfacial strength. We hypothesize that the locally digested extracellular matrix by treatment allows effortless cell migration from the adjacent tissue. Full-thickness cartilage discs and osteochondral explants were prepared from mature bovine stifle joints. These specimens were treated with collagenase in a culture medium. Two concentrations, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, were used with various treating time of 10, 30, and 180 min. The cartilages were subsequently washed and cultured with fibrin hydrogel. The effect of enzymatic treatment on cell migration was apparent in both experiments of the cartilage disc and full-thickness cartilage defect model. In the disc culture, the treatment resulted in an approximately three to four times higher number of migrated cells than nontreated control. In short-term collagenase-treated groups, the proteoglycan (PG) loss was localized in the edge of tissue with minimal cell death. The treatment also accelerated cell migration in the full-thickness cartilage defects and some cells differentiated into chondrocytes with the deposit of PG. Gene expression results could support the characteristics of migrated cells, which had migratory ability and chondrogenic differentiation potential with overexpression of collagen type I and II, respectively. Based on these results, short-term enzymatic treatment, which can accelerate cell migration into traumatically injured cartilage, has great potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrim Seol
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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Warnock JJ, Fox DB, Stoker AM, Beatty M, Cockrell M, Janicek JC, Cook JL. Culture of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes on synthetic tissue scaffolds towards meniscal tissue engineering: a preliminary cell-seeding study. PeerJ 2014; 2:e353. [PMID: 24765587 PMCID: PMC3994628 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Tissue engineering is a new methodology for addressing meniscal injury or loss. Synovium may be an ideal source of cells for in vitro meniscal fibrocartilage formation, however, favorable in vitro culture conditions for synovium must be established in order to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to determine cellularity, cell distribution, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cultured on synthetic scaffolds, for potential application in synovium-based meniscal tissue engineering. Scaffolds included open-cell poly-L-lactic acid (OPLA) sponges and polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds cultured in static and dynamic culture conditions, and PGA scaffolds coated in poly-L-lactic (PLLA) in dynamic culture conditions. Materials and Methods. Equine FLS were seeded on OPLA and PGA scaffolds, and cultured in a static environment or in a rotating bioreactor for 12 days. Equine FLS were also seeded on PGA scaffolds coated in 2% or 4% PLLA and cultured in a rotating bioreactor for 14 and 21 days. Three scaffolds from each group were fixed, sectioned and stained with Masson’s Trichrome, Safranin-O, and Hematoxylin and Eosin, and cell numbers and distribution were analyzed using computer image analysis. Three PGA and OPLA scaffolds from each culture condition were also analyzed for extracellular matrix (ECM) production via dimethylmethylene blue (sulfated glycosaminoglycan) assay and hydroxyproline (collagen) assay. PLLA coated PGA scaffolds were analyzed using double stranded DNA quantification as areflection of cellularity and confocal laser microscopy in a fluorescent cell viability assay. Results. The highest cellularity occurred in PGA constructs cultured in a rotating bioreactor, which also had a mean sulfated glycosaminoglycan content of 22.3 µg per scaffold. PGA constructs cultured in static conditions had the lowest cellularity. Cells had difficulty adhering to OPLA and the PLLA coating of PGA scaffolds; cellularity was inversely proportional to the concentration of PLLA used. PLLA coating did not prevent dissolution of the PGA scaffolds. All cell scaffold types and culture conditions produced non-uniform cellular distribution. Discussion/Conclusion. FLS-seeding of PGA scaffolds cultured in a rotating bioreactor resulted in the most optimal cell and matrix characteristics seen in this study. Cells grew only in the pores of the OPLA sponge, and could not adhere to the PLLA coating of PGA scaffold, due to the hydrophobic property of PLA. While PGA culture in a bioreactor produced measureable GAG, no culture technique produced visible collagen. For this reason, and due to the dissolution of PGA scaffolds, the culture conditions and scaffolds described here are not recommended for inducing fibrochondrogenesis in equine FLS for meniscal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Warnock
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - Derek B Fox
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - Mark Beatty
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry , Lincoln, NE , USA
| | - Mary Cockrell
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - John C Janicek
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - James L Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
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Expansion on a matrix deposited by nonchondrogenic urine stem cells strengthens the chondrogenic capacity of repeated-passage bone marrow stromal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:391-403. [PMID: 24705582 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) are a newly found type of stem cell with a potential for therapeutic application in urology. The aim of this study is to investigate whether hUSCs contribute to cartilage regeneration. Despite their characterization with multi-lineage differentiation capacities, in terms of osteogenesis, adipogenesis and myogenesis, hUSCs do not show the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) are a tissue-specific stem cell for endochondral bone formation; however, repeated-passage hBMSCs have a lower capacity for chondrogenic differentiation. We found that the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by hUSCs (UECM) can greatly recharge repeated-passage hBMSCs toward chondrogenic differentiation, a result that might be explained by trophic factors released from hUSCs being immobilized in UECM. We also found that ECM from repeated-passage hBMSCs (BECM) have a limited rejuvenation effect. The Wnt11-mediated noncanonical signaling pathway might be responsible for UECM-mediated hBMSC rejuvenation and subsequent chondrogenic differentiation. Our data indicate that commercially available UECM from young healthy donors might represent a simple and promising approach for autologous hBMSC rejuvenation. This study also provides an excellent model for investigating the effect of trophic factors released by stem cells on tissue regeneration without interference by stem cell differentiation.
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Spina J, Warnock J, Duesterdieck-Zellmer K, Baltzer W, Ott J, Bay B. Comparison of growth factor treatments on the fibrochondrogenic potential of canine fibroblast-like synoviocytes for meniscal tissue engineering. Vet Surg 2014; 43:750-60. [PMID: 24617289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the in vitro effects of differing growth factor treatments on the fibrochondrogenic potential of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from cruciate ligament deficient femorotibial joints of dogs. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study. SAMPLE POPULATION Synoviocytes from dogs (n = 8) with naturally occurring cruciate ligament insufficiency. METHODS Synoviocytes were cultured in monolayer and synthesized into tensioned synoviocyte bioscaffolds (TSB) suspended in media containing TGF-β3, or FGF-2, TGF-β1, and IGF-I. The 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay and toluidine blue stain assessed glycosaminoglycan content; hydroxyproline assay, and collagen I and II immunohistochemistry assessed collagen content. Biomechanical properties were determined by materials testing/force-deformation curves. RESULTS All tissue cultures formed tensioned fibrous tissue-like constructs. Mean tissue cellularity and cellular viability was significantly greater in the triple growth factor-treated TSB by 0.09% and 44%, respectively. Percentage collagen content, and relative gene expression for collagen I, II, and aggrecan was not significantly different between groups. Median percentage of GAG content was significantly greater in triple growth factor-treated TSB by 1.6%. Biomechanical properties were not different in compression. Triple growth factor-treated TSB were significantly stronger in toughness, peak load to failure, and stiffness in tension. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β3 cultured bioscaffolds failed to outperform triple growth factor-treated TSB. Architectural extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and cellularity likely explained the differences between groups. TGF-β3 alone cannot be recommended at this time for in vitro formation of autologous fibrocartilage bioscaffolds for meniscal deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Spina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, Oregon
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Can arthroscopically harvested synovial stem cells be preferentially sorted using stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 antibody for cartilage, bone, and adipose regeneration? Arthroscopy 2014; 30:352-61. [PMID: 24581260 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) expression and synovium-derived stem cell (SDSC) lineage differentiation. METHODS Human SDSCs were collected during arthroscopic surgery from 4 young patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Passage 2 SDSCs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using phycoerythrin-conjugated monoclonal antibody against SSEA4 into 3 groups: SSEA4(+) cells, SSEA4(-) cells, and unsorted control cells. After 1 more passage, expanded cells from each group were evaluated for SSEA4 expression by use of flow cytometry as well as multilineage differentiation capacities, including chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, and osteogenesis, using biochemical analysis, histologic analysis, immunostaining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After cell sorting, 1 more passage expansion decreased SSEA4(+) cells from 99.8% to 79.2% and increased SSEA4(-) cells from 4.4% to 53.3% compared with 70.3% in the unsorted cell population. SSEA4(-) SDSCs with a lower cell proliferation exhibited higher chondrogenic potential (in terms of the ratio of glycosaminoglycan to DNA [P < .001] and COL2A1 [type II collagen] messenger RNA [mRNA] [P < .001]) and adipogenic potential (in terms of oil red O staining and quantitative assay [P = .007], LPL [lipoprotein lipase] mRNA [P = .005], and CEBP [CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha] mRNA [P = .010]). In contrast, SSEA4(+) SDSCs retained cell expansion and enhanced osteogenic capacity, as evidenced by intense calcium deposition stained by alizarin red S and a significantly elevated expression of OPN (osteopontin) mRNA (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS In this study, for the first time, we showed the benefit of using the surface marker SSEA4 in SDSCs to preferentially sort a mixed population of cells. SSEA4(+) SDSCs indicated a strong potential for osteogenesis rather than chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE SDSC-based mesenchymal tissue regeneration can be easily achieved by arthroscopic harvesting followed by quick cell sorting.
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Handorf AM, Li WJ. Induction of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through sequential administration of growth factors within specific temporal windows. J Cell Physiol 2013; 229:162-71. [PMID: 23996894 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are capable of differentiating into chondrocyte-like cells but fail to produce the quality or quantity of cartilage matrix compared to articular chondrocytes using current differentiation protocols. In this study, we aim to improve the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs through the sequential administration of multiple growth factors (GFs). We began by looking at differentiating hMSCs' cell surface GF receptor expression every 3 days throughout differentiation using flow cytometry and found that not only was receptor expression dynamic throughout differentiation, but ligand sensitivity was positively correlated with receptor expression, suggesting that differentiating hMSCs may have varying GF requirements depending on their stage of differentiation. We then constructed GF sequences by administering several prochondrogenic GFs singly every 3 days throughout differentiation and assaying the expression of a variety of cartilage-related genes using qPCR. The resulting chondrocytic phenotype of sequentially induced hMSCs was then compared to that of hMSCs induced under standard culture conditions using qPCR, dimethylmethylene blue assay, and histology. We found that while the initial GF sequence was unable to improve hMSC chondrogenesis, withdrawal of GF treatment at Day 9 of differentiation in pellet culture vastly improved the success of differentiation beyond that induced by TGFβ1 alone. Additional modifications allowed us to further improve chondrogenesis to levels comparable to that obtained by co-administration of TGFβ1 and BMP7 throughout differentiation. Taken together, we demonstrated the ability to improve the chondrocytic phenotype of differentiated hMSCs through the sequential administration of multiple GFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Handorf
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Brown PT, Handorf AM, Jeon WB, Li WJ. Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches for musculoskeletal regeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:3429-45. [PMID: 23432679 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is an ever evolving field that holds promise in treating numerous musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. An important impetus in the development of the field was the discovery and implementation of stem cells. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells, and later embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, opens new arenas for tissue engineering and presents the potential of developing stem cell-based therapies for disease treatment. Multipotent and pluripotent stem cells can produce various lineage tissues, and allow for derivation of a tissue that may be comprised of multiple cell types. As the field grows, the combination of biomaterial scaffolds and bioreactors provides methods to create an environment for stem cells that better represent their microenvironment for new tissue formation. As technologies for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds advance, the ability of scaffolds to modulate stem cell behavior advances as well. The composition of scaffolds could be of natural or synthetic materials and could be tailored to enhance cell self-renewal and/or direct cell fates. In addition to biomaterial scaffolds, studies of tissue development and cellular microenvironments have determined other factors, such as growth factors and oxygen tension, that are crucial to the regulation of stem cell activity. The overarching goal of stem cell-based tissue engineering research is to precisely control differentiation of stem cells in culture. In this article, we review current developments in tissue engineering, focusing on several stem cell sources, induction factors including growth factors, oxygen tension, biomaterials, and mechanical stimulation, and the internal and external regulatory mechanisms that govern proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Brown
- Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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