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Brewster JT, Root HD, Mangel D, Samia A, Zafar H, Sedgwick AC, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. UO 2 2+-mediated ring contraction of pyrihexaphyrin: synthesis of a contracted expanded porphyrin-uranyl complex. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5596-5602. [PMID: 31293744 PMCID: PMC6552508 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01593k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mixed hexaphyrin, pyrihexaphyrin (0.1.0.0.1.0) (1), was prepared via an acid catalyzed cyclization between 5,5′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) (2) and terpyrrole (3).
A new mixed hexaphyrin, pyrihexaphyrin (0.1.0.0.1.0) (1), was prepared via an acid catalyzed cyclization between 5,5′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) (2) and terpyrrole (3). This expanded porphyrin undergoes a ring contraction upon metallation with uranyl silylamide [UO2[N(SiMe3)2]2] under anaerobic conditions followed by purification over basic aluminum oxide exposed to air. The uranyl-contracted pyrihexaphyrin (0.0.0.0.1.0) complex (4) produced as a result contains a unique structural architecture and possesses a formally 22 π-electron globally aromatic periphery, as inferred from NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and computational analyses. Support for the proposed contraction mechanism came from experimental data and DFT calculations. Proton NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis provided the first insight into expanded porphyrin-mediated activation of the uranyl dication (UO22+).
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Brewster
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Harrison D Root
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Daniel Mangel
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Adam Samia
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th St., Stop A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712 , USA .
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Karabanovas V, Zakarevicius E, Sukackaite A, Streckyte G, Rotomskis R. Examination of the stability of hydrophobic (CdSe)ZnS quantum dots in the digestive tract of rats. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:725-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b707920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
More than 30 years ago it was reported that rodent Harderian glands contained a tricarboxylic acid porphyrin, which the authors named Harderoporphyrin. The recent finding in rat Harderian glands of the porphyrin glycoconjugate, protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl-beta-xyloside as a major component led to scrutiny of earlier publications. It became apparent that the results were flawed and that the conclusions were unsustainable. The procedural artefacts which led to the errors are discussed and their bases are demonstrated experimentally. Harderoporphyrin as originally defined never existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gorchein
- MRC Bioanalytical Science Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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Tomás-Zapico C, Coto-Montes A, Martínez-Fraga J, Rodríguez-Colunga MJ, Tolivia D. Effects of continuous light exposure on antioxidant enzymes, porphyric enzymes and cellular damage in the Harderian gland of the Syrian hamster. J Pineal Res 2003; 34:60-8. [PMID: 12485373 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2003.02951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Syrian hamster Harderian gland (HG), an organ present in the male two secretory cell types (type-I and type-II cells), is physiologically exposed to high oxidative stress because of high concentrations of porphyrins and their precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid. Because of its juxtaorbital location, the HG is accessible to light, and subject to phototoxic effects of these substances. After having previously demonstrated circadian rhythms in antioxidant enzymes, porphyric enzymes and oxidative damage of proteins and lipids, as well as influences of melatonin on these parameters, we have now studied the effects of continuous light (LL), which suppresses melatonin secretion by the pineal gland. Measurements were performed in two different circadian phases, in order to detect the presence or absence of day/night differences. In LL, no differences between circadian phases of subjective day and subjective night were demonstrable for 5-aminolevulinate synthase, 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase, or superoxide dismutase; temporal differences in glutathione reductase and catalase were markedly diminished, whereas all these parameters showed marked day/night differences in the rats exposed to a light/dark cycle of 14:10. In LL, oxidative damage to lipids was minimally effected, while protein damage was enhanced. LL also caused a reduction in the percentage of type-II cells. Therefore, cell differentiation in the HG does not seem to be controlled only by the androgen, but, unexpectedly, also by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tomás-Zapico
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Cardalda CA, Juknat AA, Princ FG, Batlle A. Rat harderian gland porphobilinogen deaminase: characterization studies and regulatory action of protoporphyrin IX. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 347:69-77. [PMID: 9344466 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Properties of purified porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D; EC 4.3.1.8) from rat harderian gland are here presented. The enzyme behaves as a monomer of Mr 38 +/- 2 kDa and is optimally active at pH 8.0-8.2. Its activation energy, determined by an Arrhenius plot, is 76.1 kJ/mol. Initial velocity studies showed a linear progress curve for uroporphyringen I formation and a hyperbolic dependence of the initial rate on substrate concentration, indicating the existence of a sequential displacement mechanism. Apparent kinetic constants, Km and Vm, calculated at 37 degrees C and pH 8.0 were 1.1 microM and 170 pmol/min mg, respectively. The pH dependence of the apparent kinetic parameters revealed the ionization of residues with pKAES and pKBES of 7.4 +/- 0.1 and 8.6 +/- 0.1, respectively, and a pKE value of 8.0 +/- 0.1. Incubation of PBG-D with 5.0 mM N-ethylmaleimide and 5.0 mM 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at pH 8.0 led to inhibitions of 70 and 50%, respectively. The effect of pH, as well as the effect of thiol reagents, on enzyme activity strongly suggests the involvement of cysteine residue(s) in the mechanism of uroporphyrinogen I biosynthesis, in both the catalytic reaction and the substrate binding. Rat harderian gland PBG-D activity decreased with increasing concentrations of protoporphyrin IX, reaching a 40% inhibition at the in vivo concentration of the porphyrin and 7 microM PBG. Even at saturating concentrations of substrate, inhibition by protoporphyrin was not completely reversed. So, accumulated porphyrin may act as an regulator of PBG-D activity in rat harderian gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Cardalda
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nagai M, Nagai T, Yamamoto M, Goto K, Bishop TR, Hayashi N, Kondo H, Seyama Y, Kano K, Fujita H, Sassa S. Novel regulation of delta-aminolevulinate synthase in the rat harderian gland. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53:643-50. [PMID: 9113083 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(96)00871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mode of expression of delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), as well as that of mRNAs for other heme pathway enzymes, was examined in the rat Harderian gland. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that the non-specific ALAS (ALAS-N) mRNA is highly expressed in this tissue, whereas the erythroid-specific ALAS (ALAS-E) mRNA is not. Immunoblot analysis of ALAS also confirmed this finding at the protein level. ALAS-N mRNA was maximally induced in the Harderian gland and was not increased further by treatment of animals with 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide (AIA). The levels of mRNAs for other heme pathway enzymes, i.e., delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and coproporphyrinogen oxidase, also were increased markedly in the Harderian gland and not influenced by AIA treatment. The level of ferrochelatase (FeC) mRNA in the gland was, however, lower than that in the liver. The gland contained an extremely high level of protoporphyrin, while heme was undetectable. Microsomal heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA levels were significantly higher in the Harderian gland than in the liver. When isolated glands were incubated with hemin in vitro in organ cultures, the level of HO-1 mRNA was increased, whereas the ALAS-N mRNA level was not. These findings indicate that markedly elevated levels of protoporphyrin and extremely low levels of heme in the Harderian gland are the results of both decreased expression of FeC and markedly increased expression of ALAS-N and HO-1. The constitutive expression of the ALAS-N gene in the Harderian gland suggests a novel transcriptional control mechanism of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagai
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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López JM, Tolivia J, Alvarez-Uría M, Payne AP, McGadey J, Moore MR. An electron microscopic study of the harderian gland of the Syrian hamster with particular reference to the processes of formation and discharge of the secretory vacuoles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1993; 235:342-52. [PMID: 8430904 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092350303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-secreting cells of the Harderian gland of the Syrian hamster were studied using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Three morphologically different secretory cell types are identified in the gland: type I and II cells of the male gland and, distinct from either, the female gland cell. In all secretory cell types, lipid droplets in the cytoplasm were surrounded by unit membranes. Ultrastructural evidence of the involvement of the Golgi apparatus in the formation of the secretory vacuoles was obtained. The process of secretion involved the fusion of the boundary unit membrane of the vacuole with the plasma membrane and the release of the vacuolar content alone into the lumen. No evidence of holocrine processes was observed in this study. In addition to lipids, vacuoles contained materials whose solubility properties clearly differed from those of lipids. There appear to be variations in the ultrastructural characteristics of the vacuole content of the different types of secretory cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M López
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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López JM, Tolivia J, Alvarez-Uría M. Postnatal development of the harderian gland in the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a light and electron microscopic study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1992; 233:597-616. [PMID: 1626719 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092330414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present investigation was to study the morphological and chronological aspects of the development of the Harderian gland in the Syrian golden hamster. Tissues were obtained from male and female hamsters at days 1,3,5,7,10,12,15,17,20,27,37,46, and 90 after birth and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The present observations indicate that a well-defined temporal sequence in microscopic and ultrastructural modification is recognizable in the development of the hamster Harderian gland. Four stages of development were proposed. Between days 1-5 (first stage), the gland shows characteristics of an immature structure. The glandular cells contain many free ribosomes, few and small organelles, and large irregular-shape nuclei. Between days 7-17 (second stage), there is a marked increase of organelles involved in synthesis and secretion. The gland begins the secretion of lipids and porphyrins, but no morphological differences between male and female glands are observed. Between days 20-36 (third stage), the morphological differences between the two sexes appear and progressively develop. In 45-day-old hamsters, the Harderian gland possesses the structural characteristics of adult glands, and further developmental changes are essentially quantitative in nature (fourth stage). At all stages of development, the population of secretory cells has a uniform appearance. The morphological results are discussed as well as the possible relationship of this temporal sequence with hormonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M López
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultades de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Olcese J, Wesche A. The Harderian gland. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 93:655-65. [PMID: 2570658 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Olcese
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112
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Carriere R. Ultrastructural visualization of intracellular porphyrin in the rat Harderian gland. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1985; 213:496-504. [PMID: 4083530 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092130404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Harderian glands of male Albino rats 1-24 months of age were studied by electron microscopy. In most glands, a few acinar cells contained straight and curved trilaminar profiles identical in form to the material in the luminal masses of porphyrin pigment. They resembled the structures which several investigators have identified as crystals of protoporphyrin IX in porphyric human and mouse hepatocytes. Protoporphyrin IX is the predominant form synthesized by rat Harderian cells in vitro. The trilaminar profiles were within the cytoplasm but not within the lipid secretory vacuoles. A large number of the acinar cells had finely tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, cells containing the trilaminar forms consistently had dilated ER vesicles. This change may have been a prelude to cell death, for some pigment-containing cells attached to the acinar basal lamina also displayed fragmented organelles and a loss of density of the cytoplasmic matrix. In some acinar lumina there was abundant cell debris along with the trilaminar profiles. It is concluded that in the rat, some of the Harderian free porphyrins can be released through cell death.
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Thompson GG, Hordovatzi X, Moore MR, McGadey J, Payne AP. Sex differences in haem biosynthesis and porphyrin content in the Harderian gland of the golden hamster. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 16:849-52. [PMID: 6468743 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(84)90201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Methods are described for the measurement of seven haem biosynthetic enzymes in Harderian gland tissue from male and female golden hamsters. Sex differences were found in five of the seven enzymes. In each case, female tissue exhibited higher activity than male tissue. These differences in enzyme activity are sufficient to account for the major sex difference in porphyrin content in the Harderian gland of this species.
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Sitren HS, Heller PA, Bailey LB, Cerda JJ. Total parenteral nutrition in the mouse: development of a technique. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1983; 7:582-6. [PMID: 6418920 DOI: 10.1177/0148607183007006582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A method for total parenteral nutrition in the mouse was developed using commercially available supplies and equipment. The mouse's inferior vena cava was catheterized and the catheter was exteriorized from the tail. Mice (average body weight 22.5 g) were not tethered but instead were partially restrained by immobilizing the tail to protect the infusion tubing. A solution was formulated to contain 40% dextrose and 4.3% amino acids plus vitamins, electrolytes, and trace elements. It was administered via pump in graded fashion for the first 3 days to allow the mice to adapt, and then at a rate of 8 ml/day thereafter. This volume provided approximately 12 kcal and 54 mg nitrogen per day and was calculated to meet the needs of the mouse fed per os according to guidelines of the National Research Council. During the adaptation period mice lost weight but they were in positive N balance thereafter. At the end of 12 days body weight was not different than at the start, indicating the adequacy of nutrient input. Further, there were no differences in nitrogen balance or body weight in total parenteral nutrition fed mice in comparison with tail-restrained mice given the same solution per os. All mice appeared to tolerate the partial restraint without incidence and showed no untoward side effects. The rationale and validity of this technique is discussed in detail.
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Watanabe M. An autoradiographic, biochemical, and morphological study of the harderian gland of the mouse. J Morphol 1980; 163:349-65. [PMID: 6990006 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051630308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and morphological properties of the Harderian gland of the mouse were examined by combining autoradiographic, biochemical, and electron microscopic techniques. Autoradiographs show that the radioactive carbon from [U-14C]glucose injected to the abdominal cavity is completely incorporated into the acid-insoluble substances within 30 minutes. The results of chemical analysis show that the main components of this gland are glyceryl ether diesters and phospholipids. Scanning electron microscopy shows numerous lipid droplets in the secretory cells and alveolar lumina. Myoepithelial cells lie between the secretory cell base and the basement membrane and have a basket-like distribution of processes as confirmed by hydrochloric acid and collagenase digestions. Myofilaments are demonstrated in the cytoplasm. Two types of secretory cells (A and B) comprise the alveolar epithelium and can be differentiated under the electron microscope. The cytoplasm of both contains numerous vacuoles. The vacuoles are almost empty in A cells, which are more numerous constituent of the alveolar epithelium than B cells. However, the vacuoles of the B cells contain densely osmiophilic material. In both, cell types show a merocrine mode of secretion. Unmyelinated nerve cell endings occur in the interstices of the connective tissue, and contain clear or cored vesicles.
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Brownscheidle CM, Niewenhuis RJ. Ultrastructure of the harderian gland in male albino rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1978; 190:735-53. [PMID: 637321 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Harderian glands of adult male albino rats were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The animals were divided into the following experimental groups: (1) castrated only, (2) castrated with testosterone replacement and (3) sham operated controls. Two types of secretory cells, designated as A and B, comprise the glandular epithelium and are distinguished on the basis of morphologic differences in the following cellular components: cytoplasmic secretory vacuoles, mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Cell type A is more numerous and contains larger secretory vacuoles than cell type B which is characterized by the presence of large numbers of mitochondria and packet-like arrangement of SER profiles. The glandular secretion appears to be elaborated via merocrine mechanisms and consists primarily of lipids and a fibrogranular substance. The latter component may consist of porph,yrin compounds. Nerve endings are found in the connective tissue interstices of the gland. Direct synapses were not observed in association with either gland cells or myoepithelial cells. Castration did not produce significant alterations in the morphology of the glandular epithelium. Results of the investigation suggest that the rat Harderian gland may serve as a useful model for the study of cellular mechanisms involved in the production of human porphyrias.
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San Martín De Viale LC, Ríos De Molina MD, De Calmanovici RW, Tomio JM. Porphyrins and porphyrinogen carboxy-lase in hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria. Biochem J 1977; 168:393-400. [PMID: 606243 PMCID: PMC1183785 DOI: 10.1042/bj1680393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Qualitative and quantitative studies of the porphyrins and the porphyrinogen carboxylyase of the liver, spleen, kidney, harderian gland and erythrocytes from normal rats and from those hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria were carried out. 2. Hexachlorobenzene has no effect on erythrocyte porphyrin content, but produces a decrease in that of Harderian gland and an increase in the porphyrin content of the kidney and spleen, and a marked increase in the liver (1 mumol/g of tissue). Octacarboxylic (isomer III) and heptacarboxylic porphyrins accumulated in kidney, spleen and liver, the former porphyrin being predominant. 3. Hexachlorobenzene has no effect on the activity of porphyrinogen carboxy-lase in erythrocytes; there is a slight decrease in enzyme activity in the Harderian gland, and a marked decrease in the liver and kidney enzyme activities. In the liver the removal of each carboxyl group from uroporphyrinogen III appears to be affected by this treatment. 4. The liver is the principal site of action of hexachlorobenzene, with the kidney next in decreasing order of effect, and erythropoietic tissue is unaffected. The marked decrease in porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase activities observed in liver and kidney could explain the high accumulation of octacarboxylic and heptacarboxylic porphyrins found in these tissues. 5. The results are discussed in relation to changes promoted by hexachlorobenzene in other enzymes of the haem pathway.
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Jost U, Murawski U. Kälteadaptation der Wachssynthese in der Harder'schen Drüse der Ratte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19770790206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Porphyrin concentration of the hamster (mesocricetus auratus) harderian gland: Effects of incubation with delta-aminolevulinic acid and various hormones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(76)90010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Del Carmen Batlle AM. Biochemical research of the porphyrin and haem unit at the department of biochemistry, school of sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(73)90089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Margolis FL. Regulation of porphyrin biosynthesis in the harderian gland of inbred mouse strains. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 145:373-81. [PMID: 5123144 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kennedy GY. Harderoporphyrin: a new porphyrin from the Harderian glands of the rat. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1970; 36:21-36. [PMID: 4929165 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(70)90647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tomio JM, García RC, San Martín de Viale LC, Grinstein M. Porphyrin biosynthesis. VII. Porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase from avian erythrocytes. Purification and properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 198:353-63. [PMID: 4984554 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kennedy GY, Jackson AH, Kenner GW, Suckling CJ. Isolation, structure and synthesis of a tricarboxylic porphyrin from the harderian glands of the rat. FEBS Lett 1970; 6:9-12. [PMID: 11947321 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Y. Kennedy
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Sheffield, USA
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De Barreiro OC. Effect of cysteine on 5-aminolaevulinate hydrolyase from liver in two cases of experimental intoxication. Biochem Pharmacol 1969; 18:2267-71. [PMID: 5345900 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(69)90335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tomio JM, Tuzman V, Grinstein M. Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat Harderian gland. Purification and properties. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1968; 6:84-7. [PMID: 4973034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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