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The Use of Auxin Quantification for Understanding Clonal Tree Propagation. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Porfírio S, Gomes da Silva MD, Peixe A, Cabrita MJ, Azadi P. Current analytical methods for plant auxin quantification – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 902:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kwon OS, Ahn SR, Park SJ, Song HS, Lee SH, Lee JS, Hong JY, Lee JS, You SA, Yoon H, Park TH, Jang J. Ultrasensitive and selective recognition of peptide hormone using close-packed arrays of hPTHR-conjugated polymer nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5549-5558. [PMID: 22650249 DOI: 10.1021/nn301482x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of diverse hormones in the human body is a highly significant challenge because numerous diseases can be affected by hormonal imbalances. However, the methodologies reported to date for detecting hormones have exhibited limited performance. Therefore, development of innovative methods is still a major concern in hormone-sensing applications. In this study, we report an immobilization-based approach to facilitate formation of close-packed arrays of carboxylated polypyrrole nanoparticles (CPPyNPs) and their integration with human parathyroid hormone receptor (hPTHR), which is a B-class family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Our devices enabled use of an electrically controllable liquid-ion-gated field-effect transistor by using the surrounding phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) as electrolyte solution. Field-induced signals from the peptide hormone sensors were observed and provided highly sensitive and selective recognition of target molecules at unprecedentedly low concentrations (ca. 48 fM). This hormone sensor also showed long-term stability and excellent selectivity in fetal bovine serum. Importantly, the hormone receptor attached on the surface of CPPyNPs enabled GPCR functional studies; synergistic effects corresponding to increased hPTH peptide length were monitored. These results demonstrate that close-packed CPPyNP arrays are a promising approach for high-performance biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Seok Kwon
- World Class University Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Biomimetic fabrication of gold nanoparticles on templated indole-3-acetic acid based nanofibers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Abstract
Auxin measurements in plants are critical to understanding both auxin signaling and metabolic homeostasis. The most abundant natural auxin is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This protocol is for the precise, high-throughput determination of free IAA in plant tissue by isotope dilution analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The steps described are as follows: harvesting of plant material; amino and polymethylmethacrylate solid-phase purification followed by derivatization with diazomethane (either manual or robotic); GC-MS analysis; and data analysis. [¹³C₆]IAA is the standard used. The amount of tissue required is relatively small (25 mg of fresh weight) and one can process more than 500 samples per week using an automated system. To extract eight samples, this procedure takes ∼3 h, whether performed manually or robotically. For processing more than eight samples, robotic extraction becomes substantially more time efficient, saving at least 0.5 h per additional batch of eight samples.
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Sheedy C, Yau KYF, Hirama T, MacKenzie CR, Hall JC. Selection, characterization, and CDR shuffling of naive llama single-domain antibodies selected against auxin and their cross-reactivity with auxinic herbicides from four chemical families. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:3668-3678. [PMID: 19127743 DOI: 10.1021/jf060219i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Indoleacetic acid (IAA)-binding single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) were isolated from a naive phage-display library constructed from the heavy chain antibody repertoire of a Ilama. The highest-affinity sdAb isolated (CSF2A) had a K(D) of 5-20 microM for two IAA-protein conjugates and a K(D) of 20 microM for free IAA. This sdAb also bound to a synthetic auxin analogue, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and to six auxinic herbicides (K(D) values of 0.5-2 mM), but not to serotonin and tryptophan, which are structurally similar to IAA but have no auxinic activity. To understand how sdAb CSF2A binds IAA and to determine which complementary-determining region(s) (CDR) participate(s) most in binding IAA, CSF2A was shuffled with four other sdAb clones by staggered extension process (StEP). After panning against IAA, two shuffled sdAbs were found: sdAb CSB1A, which originated from three different parental clones, and sdAb CSE8A, derived from two parental clones. These shuffled sdAbs and CSF2A were each fused to the B subunit of the Escherichia coli verotoxin, resulting in the formation of the pentamerized sdAbs V2NCSB1A, V2NCSE8A, and V2NCSF2A, which were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) along with the sdAbs previously isolated. The shuffled clones had affinity for IAA (20 microM) similar to that of the highest affinity parental clone CSF2A, but much lower affinity for the auxinic herbicides. CDR2 was instrumental in binding IAA, whereas hydrophobic CDR3 was important for binding the auxinic herbicides. A novel SPR methodology is also described for specific immobilization of pentamerized sdAbs, allowing determination of K(D) values of Ab interaction with underivatized, low molecular weight haptens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sheedy
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Recognition of the folded conformation of plant hormone (auxin, IAA) conjugates with glutamic and aspartic acids and their amides. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Blintsov AN, Gusakovskaya MA, Ermakov IP. Differential analysis of major natural cytokinins by enzyme immunoassay. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02738050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Beale MH. Immunological methods in plant hormone research. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT HORMONES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Ilić N, Magnus V, Östin A, Sandberg G. Stable-isotope labeled metabolites of the phytohormone, indole-3-acetic acid. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199705)39:5<433::aid-jlcr987>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Gabor F, Hamilton G, Pittner F. Drug-protein conjugates: haptenation of 1-methyl-10 alpha-methoxydihydrolysergol and 5-bromonicotinic acid to albumin for the production of epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies against nicergoline. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84:1120-5. [PMID: 8537892 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600840916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two types of monoclonal antibodies were used for the determination of nicergoline in biological matrices. The antibodies were prepared with the hydrolysis products 5-bromonicotinic acid and 1-methyl-10 alpha-methoxydihydrolysergol after hemisuccinoylation to haptens. The current amide bond-generating methods (mixed anhydride-, carbodiimide-, carbodiimide/sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide-, and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide methods) were used in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coupling techniques and yielded conjugates that were haptenated to varying extents. The conjugates exhibiting 23 mol of 1-methyl-10 alpha-methoxydihydrolysergol (MMD) or 41 mol of 5-bromonicotinic acid (BNA) per mole of BSA were used for both immunization of mice and for coating the wells of the microtiter plates to select hybridomas and investigate specificity of the obtained antibodies. The results of hapten-inhibition ELISA using antigen-coated wells indicate that the supernatant of MMD-specific hybridoma exhibited 50% inhibition of antibody binding at 17 +/- 2 micrograms of MMD and at 24.5 +/- 2 micrograms of nicergoline, and the BNA-specific hybridoma exhibited similar inhibition at 147 +/- 6 micrograms of BNA and 500 +/- 30 micrograms of nicergoline. A main requirement for analytical purposes is that two different types of monoclonal antibodies recognize two different epitopes on nicergoline and its main metabolite, as shown by hapten-inhibition ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gabor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Knox JP, Beale MH, Butcher GW, Macmillan J. Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies which recognise different gibberellin epitopes. PLANTA 1987; 170:86-91. [PMID: 24232845 DOI: 10.1007/bf00392384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/1986] [Accepted: 08/07/1986] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The production and characterization of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to gibberellins (GAs) is reported. Hybrid myelomas were derived from immunisations with conjugates in which immunogenic proteins were linked to GA1 at carbon-3 and to GA4 and GA9 at carbon-17. A series of McAb which display specificities allowing recognition of, and the discrimination between GA1, GA20, GA4 and GA9 is described. These McAb can be used in quantitative immunoassays for underivatised GAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Knox
- Monoclonal Antibody Centre, Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, CB2 4AT, Cambridge, UK
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The Use of Immunological Techniques in Plant Hormone Analysis. PROCEEDINGS IN LIFE SCIENCES 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71018-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Weiler EW, Wieczorek U. Determination of femtomol quantities of gibberellic acid by radioimmunoassay. PLANTA 1981; 152:159-167. [PMID: 24302384 DOI: 10.1007/bf00391188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/1980] [Accepted: 02/02/1981] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay which allows the detection of as little as 5 fmol (2 pg) of gibberellic acid (GA3) in crude plant extracts is described. Antisera of high affinity and titer were obtained by immunizing rabbits with a conjugate of carboxyl-coupled GA3 and bovine serum albumin. [(125)I]Gibberellic acid-[N-(p-hydroxybenzyl) putrescine]amide of high specific activity, used as the immunotracer, is readily displaced by gibberellic acid methyl ester but not by free gibberellic acid. Thus, methylation of extracts prior to analysis is required. The assay is very specific; besides GA3, only the closely related GA7 is highly immunoreactive. Various gibberellins, related compounds, as well as other classes of plant hormones do not interfere with the assay. Levels of immunoreactive gibberellins (GA3, GA7) in actively growing tissues, among them cell suspension cultures of 33 different species, were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Weiler
- Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-4630, Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany
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Eder J, Osanai M, Mane S, Rembold H. Immunoassay for honey bee cytochrome c in single animals with cytochrome c-coated bacteriophages: a sensitive tool for the study of caste formation in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1977; 496:401-11. [PMID: 189841 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(77)90322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of a sensitive viroimmunoassay for honey bee cytochrome c and its usage for early detection of caste differentiation is described. Pure honey bee cytochrome c was isolated from workers and used to produce antibodies in rabbits. Bacteriophage T4 was chemically modified by covalent attachment of honey bee cytochrome c using tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate as a cross-linking agent. The immunospecific inactivation of this bacteriophage-cytochrome c conjugate by anti-cytochrome c antibodies can be inhibited by free cytochrome c. In quantitative determinations, 50% inhibition is reproducibly achieved at a concentration of 6 ng/ml (5 pmol/ml) and as little as 0.3 ng/ml (0.25 pmol/ml) could be detected by this system. Cytochrome c concentrations were measured in individual animals and substantial differences corresponding larval stages of worker and queen bees are reported.
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Pengelly W, Meins F. A specific radioimmunoassay for nanogram quantities of the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid. PLANTA 1977; 136:173-180. [PMID: 24420324 DOI: 10.1007/bf00396195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/1977] [Accepted: 06/06/1977] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a specific radioimmunoassay [RIA] for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the 0.2 ng to 12 ng range which, in principle, can be extended to other indole auxins as well. Methods are presented for obtaining suitable antibody, for the RIA procedure, and for measuring IAA in methanolic extracts of plant tissues. Antibody specific for IAA was obtained from rabbits immunized with IAA bound to bovine serum albumin by formaldehyde treatment. In assays with this antibody, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and indoles structurally related to IAA reacted from 300- to 3000-fold less than did IAA itself. However, α-and β-naphthaleneacetic acid reacted significantly and hence interfered with the assay. Extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) tissue were immunoassayed after partial purification by buffer-ether partition. Crown-gall tumor tissue, which is auxin-autotrophic, and pith tissue depleted of auxin by the diffusion method contained, respectively, 26.7 ng and <0.5 ng extractable IAA per gram fresh weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pengelly
- Department of Biology, Princeton University, 08540, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Mitani M, Shoji S. Determination of prostaglandin F in blood plasma using chemically modified bacteriophage technique. PROSTAGLANDINS 1974; 8:67-77. [PMID: 4549108 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(74)90038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Andrieu JM, Mamas S, Dray F. Detection of anti-estradiol antibodies and of 17beta-estradiol by means of a 17beta-estradiol-bacteriophage T4 conjugate. Dependence of the haptenated phage reaction on several physical parameters. Eur J Immunol 1974; 4:417-21. [PMID: 4606422 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Maron E, Dray S. Immunoglobulin coated bacteriophage: a sensitive method for the quantitation of immunoglobulin allotypes. J Immunol Methods 1973; 3:347-56. [PMID: 4777783 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(73)90036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Fuchs S, Sela M, Anfinsen CB. Nuclease-coated bacteriophage: a sensitive tool for studying antigenic reactivity of synthetic sequence fragments. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 154:601-5. [PMID: 4570842 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Blakeslee D, Antczak DF, Rowlands DT. Detection of antibodies specific for FTC, DNS and myoglobin by neutralization of conjugated bacteriophage T4. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1973; 10:61-3. [PMID: 4734807 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(73)90252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Dray F, Maron E, Tillson SA, Sela M. Immunochemical detection of prostaglandins with prostaglandin-coated bacteriophage T 4 and by radioimmunoassay. Anal Biochem 1972; 50:399-408. [PMID: 4674976 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Fuchs Y, Mayak S, Fuchs S. Detection and quantitative determination of abscisic acid by immunological assay. PLANTA 1972; 103:117-125. [PMID: 24481519 DOI: 10.1007/bf00387362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1971] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies with specificity towards abscisic acid (ABA) were produced in rabbits. These antibodies were used for assaying ABA by the inhibition of inactivation of modified bacteriophage. For this assay conjugates of ABA with bacteriophage T4 were prepared and characterized. Such chemically modified bacteriophages were completely inactivated by the specific anti-ABA serum and this inactivation was inhibited by free ABA. The identification and quantitative determination of ABA in plant extracts by this method are demonstrated and the method is compared with a common bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fuchs
- The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Bet Dagan, Israel
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