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Wendlandt T, Koch C, Britz B, Liedek A, Schmidt N, Werner S, Gleba Y, Vahidpour F, Welden M, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Eber FJ, Jeske H, Wege C. Facile Purification and Use of Tobamoviral Nanocarriers for Antibody-Mediated Display of a Two-Enzyme System. Viruses 2023; 15:1951. [PMID: 37766357 PMCID: PMC10536799 DOI: 10.3390/v15091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosorbent turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) particles displaying the IgG-binding domains D and E of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (PA) on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TVCVPA) were purified from plants via optimized and new protocols. The latter used polyethylene glycol (PEG) raw precipitates, from which virions were selectively re-solubilized in reverse PEG concentration gradients. This procedure improved the integrity of both TVCVPA and the wild-type subgroup 3 tobamovirus. TVCVPA could be loaded with more than 500 IgGs per virion, which mediated the immunocapture of fluorescent dyes, GFP, and active enzymes. Bi-enzyme ensembles of cooperating glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were tethered together on the TVCVPA carriers via a single antibody type, with one enzyme conjugated chemically to its Fc region, and the other one bound as a target, yielding synthetic multi-enzyme complexes. In microtiter plates, the TVCVPA-displayed sugar-sensing system possessed a considerably increased reusability upon repeated testing, compared to the IgG-bound enzyme pair in the absence of the virus. A high coverage of the viral adapters was also achieved on Ta2O5 sensor chip surfaces coated with a polyelectrolyte interlayer, as a prerequisite for durable TVCVPA-assisted electrochemical biosensing via modularly IgG-assembled sensor enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wendlandt
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Molecular and Synthetic Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.W.); (C.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Claudia Koch
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Molecular and Synthetic Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.W.); (C.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Beate Britz
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Molecular and Synthetic Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.W.); (C.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Anke Liedek
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Molecular and Synthetic Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.W.); (C.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nora Schmidt
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Molecular and Synthetic Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.W.); (C.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Stefan Werner
- Nambawan Biotech GmbH/Now at Icon Genetics GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Yuri Gleba
- Nomad Bioscience GmbH, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Farnoosh Vahidpour
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.V.); (M.W.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Melanie Welden
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.V.); (M.W.); (M.J.S.)
| | | | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (F.V.); (M.W.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Eber
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, 77652 Offenburg, Germany;
| | - Holger Jeske
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Molecular and Synthetic Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.W.); (C.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Molecular and Synthetic Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (T.W.); (C.K.); (N.S.)
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Thakur R, Das A, Sharma V, Adhikari C, Ghosh KS, Chakraborty A. Interaction of different prototropic species of an anticancer drug ellipticine with HSA and IgG proteins: multispectroscopic and molecular modeling studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:16937-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies on interactions between an anticancer alkaloid, ellipticine, and various carrier proteins in blood serum show tangible results to gain insight into the solubility and transport of the drug under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Thakur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- IET
- M-Block
- Indore 452017
| | - Anupam Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- IET
- M-Block
- Indore 452017
| | - Vandna Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Hamirpur
- India
| | - Chandan Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- IET
- M-Block
- Indore 452017
| | | | - Anjan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- IET
- M-Block
- Indore 452017
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Acetonitrile can promote formation of different structural intermediate states on aggregation pathway of immunoglobulin G from human and bovine. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Scherer TM, Liu J, Shire SJ, Minton AP. Intermolecular interactions of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies at high concentrations characterized by light scattering. J Phys Chem B 2011; 114:12948-57. [PMID: 20849134 DOI: 10.1021/jp1028646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Light scattering intensity measurements of solutions of two purified monoclonal antibodies were performed over a wide range of concentrations (0.5-275 mg/mL) and ionic strengths (0.02 to 0.6 M). Despite extensive sequence homology between these mAbs, alteration of ∼20 amino acids in the complementarity determining regions resulted in different net intermolecular interactions and responses to solution ionic strength. The concentration dependence of scattering was analyzed by comparison with the predictions of three models, allowing for intermolecular interaction of various types. In order of increasing complexity, the three models account for: (1) steric repulsions (simple hard-sphere model), (2) steric repulsion with short-ranged attractive interactions of varying magnitude (adhesive hard-sphere model), and (3) steric and nonsteric repulsive interactions between several species whose relative concentrations may change as a function of total protein concentration as dictated by equilibrium self-association (effective hard-sphere mixture model). Simple scattering models of noninteracting and adhesive hard-sphere species permitted qualitative interpretation of contributions from excluded volume, electrostatic, and van der Waals interactions on net mAb interactions at high concentration as a function of ionic strength. mAb2 electrostatic interactions were repulsive, whereas mAb1 interactions were net attractive at low ionic strengths, attributed to an anisotropic distribution of molecular charge. The effective hard-sphere mixture model can account quantitatively for the dependence of scattering for both antibodies over the entire concentration range and at salt concentrations exceeding 40 mM. This analysis showed that at high ionic strength both mAbs self-associate weakly to form dimer with an affinity that varies little with salt concentration at concentrations exceeding 75 mM. In addition, mAb1 appears to self-associate further to form oligomers with stoichiometry of 4-6 and an affinity that declines substantially with increasing ionic strength. All three models lead to the conclusion that at high concentrations repulsive interactions are predominantly due to excluded volume, whereas additional features are salt-dependent and reflect a substantial electrostatic contribution to intermolecular interactions of both mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Scherer
- Genentech Incorporated, Late Stage Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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Kang JS, Piszczek G, Lakowicz JR. High-molecular-weight protein hydrodynamics studied with a long-lifetime metal-ligand complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1597:221-8. [PMID: 12044900 PMCID: PMC6800114 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(02)00281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)(2)(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)](2+) (RuBDc) is a very photostable probe that possesses favorable photophysical properties including long lifetime, high quantum yield, large Stokes' shift, and highly polarized emission. In the present study, we demonstrated the usefulness of this probe for monitoring the rotational diffusion of high-molecular-weight (MW) proteins. Using frequency-domain fluorometry with a high-intensity, blue light-emitting diode (LED) as the modulated light source, we compared the intensity and anisotropy decays of RuBDc conjugated to immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), which show a six-fold difference in MW We obtained slightly longer lifetimes for IgM (=428 ns in buffer) than IgG (=422 ns in buffer) in the absence and presence of glycerol, suggesting somewhat more efficient shielding of RuBDc from water in IgM than in IgG. The anisotropy decay data showed longer rotational correlation times for IgM (1623 and 65.7 ns in buffer) as compared to IgG (264 and 42.5 ns in buffer). Importantly, the ratio of the long rotational correlation times of IgM to IgG in buffer was 6.2, which is very close to that of MW of IgM to IgG (6.0). The shorter correlation times are most likely to be associated with domain motions within the proteins. The anisotropy decays reflect both the molecular size and shape of the immunoglobulins, as well as the viscosity. These results show that RuBDc can have numerous applications in studies of high-MW protein hydrodynamics and in fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPI) of high-MW analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sook Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, South Korea
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Relkin P, Kamyshny A, Magdassi S. Changes in Calorimetric Parameters and Solvent Accessibility of Hydrophobic Groups in Native and Chemically Modified Immunoglobulin G. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Relkin
- Laboratoire de Biophysique des Materiaux Alimentaires, Département Science de l’Aliment, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries Alimentaires, 1, Avenue des Olympiades, 91744 Massy, France
| | - A. Kamyshny
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S. Magdassi
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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Adsorption of hydrophobized IgG and gelatin onto phosphatidyl choline-coated silica. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(99)00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
We have investigated the complex formation between an immobilized monoclonal antibody and antigens that differ in size about 50-fold. As a model system, we used an iodinated progesterone derivative and a progesterone-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as tracer and a monoclonal antibody as binding protein. The antibody was immobilized by four different methods: physical adsorption, chemical binding, and binding via protein G in the absence or presence of a protective protein (gelatin). These investigations have shown that the performance of competitive immunoassays is determined by a combination of factors: (a) the relative size of the analyte and the tracer, (b) the antibody density on the solid matrix, (c) the method of immobilization of the antibody, and (d) the binding constants between antibody-analyte and antibody-tracer. All of these interactions have to be considered in designing an optimal immunoassay. The smaller antigen can form a 3- to 35-fold higher maximal complex density than the larger antigen. Dose-response curves are less affected by the size of the tracer than by the binding constant with the antibody. A large enzyme tracer with a relatively low binding constant can, therefore, provide a more sensitive assay. On the other hand, the increase in complex density achieved with a smaller tracer yields a higher signal that in turn can provide a better signal-to-noise ratio in highly sensitive competitive solid-phase immunoassays. We have suggested a model for antibody immobilization that accounts for the interdependence of tracer size, complex formation, and antibody density. The methods described can be used to design and optimize immunoassays of predefined performance characteristics. The results are particularly useful for converting radioimmunoassays to enzyme immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schramm
- University of Michigan, Reproductive Sciences Program, Ann Arbor 48109
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Voss EW, Dombrink-Kurtzman MA, Miklasz SD. Functional and structural implications of variable region immunoglobulin dynamic states. Immunol Invest 1988; 17:25-39. [PMID: 3391651 DOI: 10.3109/08820138809055716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The consequence of multiple conformational states in the immunoglobulin variable region are considered. Bound ligand is viewed as a stabilizer of one conformer from a series of non-liganded conformers. Kinetic, equilibrium, thermodynamic and crystal formation information are used as supporting evidence for a unique conformer which is the crystallizable liganded state. The multi-state model is discussed in terms of certain biological and biochemical properties exhibited by the immunoglobulin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Voss
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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Noll F, Lutsch G, Bielka H. Structure of IgG and IgY molecules in ribosome-antibody complexes as studied by electron microscopy. Immunol Lett 1982; 4:117-23. [PMID: 7076282 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(82)90021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The overall shape and dimensions of IgG (rabbit) and IgY (chicken) antibodies against ribosomal proteins have been studied in electron micrographs of ribosome-antibody complexes. The antibodies appear as Y-shaped molecules with an angle of about 90 degrees between their Fab arms. The length of one Fab arm amounts to about 10 nm. No differences between the IgG and IgY molecules could be detected electron microscopically. The data obtained on the shape of IgG and IgY correlate with those of earlier electron microscopic studies while the determined size of the Fab arms is in the range found by scattering methods.
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Cser L, Gladkih IA, Hädge D, Ambrosius H. X-ray small-angle scattering study of general structure of chicken immunoglobulin Y. Immunol Lett 1982; 4:15-9. [PMID: 7061111 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(82)90071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Bagchi P, Birnbaum S. Effect of pH on the adsorption of immunoglobulin G on anionic poly(vinyltoluene) model latex particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(81)90342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cser L, Gladkib IA, Franek F, Ostanevich YM. Investigation of antibody structures by scattering techniques. Colloid Polym Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01525028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cser L, Franĕk F, Gladkikh IA, Kunchenko AB, Ostanevich YM. General shape and hapten-induced conformational changes of pig antibody against dinitrophenyl. A small-angle scattering study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 116:109-16. [PMID: 7250114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pig antibodies against dinitrophenyl were studied by neutron small-angle scattering and X-ray small-angle scattering with particular attention to the analysis of cross-section plots and determination of the radii of gyration of cross-section. The experimentally determined molecular parameters Rg (radius of gyration), Rq1 and Rq2 (two different radii of gyration of cross-section characterizing every antibody sample) show that the shapes of the two antibody types, precipitating and non-precipitating, are similar. The non-precipitating antibody is slightly more compact. The parameters Rg, Rq1 and Rq2 of complexes of antibodies with the hapten, 8-dinitrophenyl-5,8-aza-4-oxo-octanoic acid, are smaller than those of the free antibody. This indicates that a conformational change is induced by the binding of the hapten. The character of the change of parameters is consistent with a view that the observed contraction of the molecule proceeds via similarity transformation. In order to design a model of a pig antibody molecule, isolated building blocks of the molecule, the Fab and Fc fragments, were first studied. A comparison of the scattering curves with various models of fragments showed, however, that the isolated fragments acquire in solution elongated rod-like shapes. Over 300 tentative models of the intact antibody molecule, built of small identical spheres, were constructed before a good fit with the experimental data was achieved. The most probable models have a cavity in the Fc part and the Fab parts are either fully extended or slightly bent downwards to the Fc part.
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Gilmour S, Randall J, Torbet J, Dwek RA, Wain-Hobson S, Dower SK, van Schravendijk MR. Small-angle neutron scattering studies of the conformation of myeloma protein MOPC315 and its Fab fragment, and the interaction with a monovalent dinitrophenyl hapten. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1981; 211:433-53. [PMID: 6112756 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1981.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The first small-angle scattering study of an immunoglobulin A is reported. Neutron measurements have been made to determine conformational parameters of the mouse myeloma protein MOPC315 and to relate these to previous immunoglobulin G results. Use of the contrast method shows that the MOPC315 IgA molecule is not simply globular, that it has a dry volume of 220.0 +/- 4.5 nm3 corresponding to a mass density of 1.275 +/- 0.025 g cm-3 and that its full and cross-sectional radii of gyration, corrected for concentration dependence, are 7.97 +/- 0.07 nm, 2.40 +/- 0.08 nm and 1.33 +/- 0.07 nm respectively. Similar study of its Fab fragment gives a dry molecular volume of 69.0 +/- 0.7 nm3, a mass density of 1.285 +/- 0.015 g cm-3 and uncorrected radii of gyration that are consistent with those of the parent and support an overall "T" or "Y" conformation in solution. Addition to saturation of a small monovalent dinitrophenyl hapten leaves the dry volume of the whole molecule unaltered, but may slightly lower one or more of its radii of gyration. The significance of this finding is discussed. Comparative studies with rabbit anti-dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin G antibody suggest a different initial conformation but similar consequences of hapten binding, which, if real, are probably unrelated to classical complement fixation.
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Fedorov BA. On the determination of globular protein volume in solution by small-angle X-Ray scattering. Biopolymers 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1981.360200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schumaker VN, Seegan GW, Smith CA, Ma SK, Rodwell JD, Schumaker MF. The free energy of angular position of the Fab arms of IgG antibody. Mol Immunol 1980; 17:413-23. [PMID: 7442683 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(80)90063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Pilz I, Schwarz E, Durchschein W, Light A, Sela M. Effect of cleaving interchain disulfide bridges on the radius of gyration and maximum length of anti-poly(D-alanyl) antibodies before and after reaction with tetraalanine hapten. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:117-21. [PMID: 6767235 PMCID: PMC348219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.1.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The small-angle x-ray scattering of solutions of rabbits IgG antibodies and their derivatives has been investigated. The reduction and alkylation of the native antibody cause a small increase of the molecular parameters, indicating a limited expansion of the molecule. Binding of native antipoly(D-alanyl) antibodies with hapten (80% saturation) causes a significant change of the quaternary structure, expressed by a decrease in the maximum diameter of about 2 nm, of the radius of gyration by 5.5%, and of the volume. The same antibodies, in which the single inter-heavy-chain disulfide bridge was opened by reduction and carboxamidomethylation, do not show any significant decrease in the overall molecular parameters upon reaction with hapten, except for a local structural change in a part of the molecule. These data lend further support to the notion that binding of hapten induces a conformational transition in its specific antibodies and suggest that the opening of the interchain disulfide bridges affects that transition. The dimensions of the intact antibodies calculated from measurements of small-angle x-ray scattering at low concentrations agree closely with those obtained from crystallographic studies.
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Cser L, Franĕk F, Gladkikh IA, Nezlin RS, Novotný J, Ostanevich YM. Distance between two binding sites of the molecule: a neutron small-angle scattering study of pig anti-Dnp antibody complexed with mono-Dnp-dextran. FEBS Lett 1978; 93:312-6. [PMID: 568563 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)81128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wilhelm P, Pilz I, Palm W, Bauer K. Small-angle X-ray studies of a human immunoglobulin M. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 84:457-63. [PMID: 639799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of a Waldenström immunoglobulin M (IgM) with antibody-like activity for X-ray contrast media, based on 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid, was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering. The radius of gyration was determined as 12.1 nm, the maximum distance 35 nm, the volume 1900 nm3. A flat star-shaped model was found to be equivalent in scattering. Aggregation of IgM molecules seems to take place as side-by-side combinations of single molecules, manifesting itself as a relatively large increase of the radius of gyration and unchanged thickness of the flat aggregates.
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Kratky O, Pilz I. A comparison of X-ray small-angle scattering results to crystal structure analysis and other physical techniques in the field of biological macromolecules. Q Rev Biophys 1978; 11:39-70. [PMID: 345321 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In principle, there exist two ways to contribute to structure determination of macromolecules by X-ray diffraction: (a) by analysing diffraction data obtained from the crystalline state, and (b) by interpretation of X-ray small-angle scattering from particles in solution.The brilliant achievements of X-ray crystal-structure analysis of macromolecules, initiated by the works of Perutz on heamoglobin and Kendrew on myoglobin, are well known and it is evident that its detailed elution of secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure cannot be matched by any other means. However, a number of necessary prerequisites for a successful application, as, for example, the availability of well-defined crystals and heavy atom labelled derivatives thereof to surmount the problem of phase determination are not always given.
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Cser L, Franĕk F, Gladkikh IA, Nezlin RS, Novotny J, Ostanevich YM. Neutron small-angle scattering study on two different precipitin types of pig anti-Dnp antibodies. FEBS Lett 1977; 80:329-31. [PMID: 891982 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pilz I, Schwarz E, Palm W. Small-angle X-ray studies of the human immunoglobulin molecule Kol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 75:195-9. [PMID: 405215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the human immunoglobulin molecul Kol [IgG I, kappa2 gamma2, Gm(f)+] was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering in 0.15 M NaCl solution. The radius of gyration was found to be 5.84 +/- 0.04 nm, the volume 329 +/- 15 nm3 and the molecular weight 150 000 +/- 10 000. Information on the overall shape was obtained by comparing the experimental scattering curve with the calculated curves for various models. The models were obtained by arranging the models found for the Fab and Fc fragments of the same immunoglobulin molecule in a different manner. A model which fits all the date and the form of the experimental scattering curve is presented.
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Haustein D, Himmelspach K, Funck T. Isolation and dynamic hapten binding properties of 2,4,6-triphenyl-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridinium (THP-) specific antibodies from bovine colostrum--II. Characteristic differences in hapten binding kinetics of 7S and 19S anti-THP antibodies. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1977; 14:361-6. [PMID: 598862 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(77)90237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pilz I, Schwarz E, Palm W. Small-angle X-ray studies of the Fab and Fc fragments from the human immunoglobulin molecule Kol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 71:239-47. [PMID: 1009950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb11110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the Fab and Fc fragments from the human immunoglobulin molecule Kol [IgI I, chi2gamma2, Gm(f)+] was studied by small-angle x-ray scattering in solution. The fragments were studied in 0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer. For the Fab fragment the radius of gyration was found to be 3.15 +/- 0.15 nm, the volume to be 75 +/- 8 nm3. For the Fc fragment the respective values were 3.15 +/- 0.15 nm for the radius of gyration and 91 +/- 8 nm3 for the volume. A large number of models were calculated for both fragments to find models which fit these data and have the same scattering curve. The models with the best agreement were compared with the models found for the crystalline state by crystal x-ray studies.
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Rockey JH, Freed RM. Circular dichroism of hapten--antibody complexes: characterization of the combining sites of native and reformed MOPC-315 protein, its isolated subunits, and its Fv fragment. Scand J Immunol 1976; 5:655-66. [PMID: 824716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1976.tb03015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extrinsic Cotton effects generated by binding haptens to native and reformed MOPC-315 protein, its subunits, and its Fv fragment have been examined. The identity of the combining sites of native and reassociated proteins and Fv-315 was demonstrated by the identity of their circular dichroism (CD) difference spectra. The spectrum of TNP-aminocaproate complexed with L chains differed in maxima and minima and cross-over points and lacked the 495-nm CD peak of TNP-aminocaproate-MOPC-315 protein and Nalpha-TNP-tryptophan spectra. A negative 293-nm tryptophanyl CD band, present in spectra of MOPC-315 protins and Fv-315 but absent from spectra of L and H chains, was blue-shifted by haptens and may represent electronic interactions occurring within the MOPC-315 combining site between tryptophanyl and chromophoric residues of different subunits. This conclusion is supported by molecular models of the MOPC-315 combining site.
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Pilz I, Kratky O, Licht A, Sela M. Shape and volume of fragments Fab' and (Fab')2 of anti-poly(D-alanyl) antibodies in the presence and absence of tetra-D-alanine as determined by small-angle x-ray scattering. Biochemistry 1975; 14:1326-33. [PMID: 1168070 DOI: 10.1021/bi00677a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of two fragments derived from anti-poly(D-alanyl) antibodies, the divalent fragment (Fab')2 and the monovalent fragment Fab', was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering before and after interaction with the tetra-D-alanine amide hapten. More than 90% of the combining sites were occupied by the hapten. No significant changes were observed in the volume or in the radius of gyration, with either of the fragments. This contrasts with the significant decrease in these two parameters found upon reacting the hapten with intact anti-poly(D-alanyl) antibodies (I. Pilz, O. Kratky, A. Licht, and M. Sela (1973), Biochemistry 12, 4998). For Fab', the radius of the whole particle was found to be 3.48 nm in the absence of the hapten and 3.46 nm in its presence, the radius of gyration of the cross-section was 1.37 nm without hapten and 1.38 nm in its presence, and the volume of the particle was 98 nm3 in the absence of the hapten and 91 nm3 in its presence. For (Fab')2 the respective values were 5.06 and 5.05, 1.38 and 1.37, and 182 and 182. These results suggest that a conformational change occurs within the antibody molecule, but not within its Fab fragment, upon reaction with the tetraalanine hapten.
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Segal DM, Padlan EA, Cohen GH, Rudikoff S, Potter M, Davies DR. The three-dimensional structure of a phosphorylcholine-binding mouse immunoglobulin Fab and the nature of the antigen binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4298-302. [PMID: 4530984 PMCID: PMC433869 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.11.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of the Fab of McPC 603, a mouse myeloma protein with phosphorylcholine binding activity, has been determined to 3.1-A resoltuion. The four domains are found to be structurally similar with a well-defined double-layer structure. A large cavity exists at one end of the fragment, the walls of which are formed exclusively of hypervariable residues. Phosphorylcholine binds in this cavity and forms specific interactions with several well-defined amino-acid side chains of the protein. The hapten is bound asymmetrically and interacts more with the heavy chain than with the light chain.
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