1
|
Ziyadi S, Iddar A, Errafiy N, Ridaoui K, Kabine M, El Mzibri M, Moutaouakkil A. Protective Effect of Some Essential Oils Against Gamma-Radiation Damages in Tetrahymena pyriformis Exposed to Cobalt-60 Source. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:279. [PMID: 35920924 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum compactum, Lavandula angustifolia, and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils (EOs) against gamma-radiation-induced damages on Tetrahymena pyriformis growing in presence of cobalt-60 source. The chemical composition of the 4 EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The protective effects of EOs on growth, on morphology, and on some metabolic enzymes and antioxidant markers have been evaluated. Thus, addition of EOs significantly improves the growth parameters (generation number and time) in irradiating conditions. All EOs allowed restoring growth parameters over more than 90% compared to the controls. The morphological analysis indicated that T. pyriformis cells growing in irradiating conditions were able to regain their normal form in presence of the different EOs. Our results indicate that the 4 EOs also have protective effects on some metabolic enzymes. They allowed recovering totally or partially the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the succinate dehydrogenase activities compared to the controls. Moreover, the addition of EOs reduced the lipid peroxidation level and decreased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase induced by the gamma-radiation exposure. A more pronounced protective effect was found for O. compactum and L. angustifolia EOs compared to R. officinalis and E. globulus EOs. These results suggest that the studied EOs are efficient natural antioxidants that could offer protection against gamma-radiation-induced damages and can therefore be useful in clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Ziyadi
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP 1382, 10001, Rabat, Morocco.,Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, Mâarif, BP 5366, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Iddar
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP 1382, 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nadia Errafiy
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Bld Mohammed Taïeb Naciri, 82403, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Ridaoui
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, Mâarif, BP 5366, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kabine
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, Mâarif, BP 5366, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP 1382, 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adnane Moutaouakkil
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP 1382, 10001, Rabat, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ziyadi S, Iddar A, Kabine M, El Mzibri M, Moutaouakkil A. Changes in Growth, Morphology, and Physiology of Tetrahymena pyriformis Exposed to Continuous Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 Gamma-Radiation. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:61. [PMID: 34982197 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of gamma-radiation on Tetrahymena pyriformis. The experimental approach consists of exposing T. pyriformis growing in presence of Cesium-137 (137Cs) at dose rates of 1, 2, 4, and 6 cGy h-1 and Cobalt-60 (60Co) at dose rates of 8, 10, 15, and 20 cGy h-1. The radiation doses effects on growth, morphology, some metabolic enzymes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers have been evaluated. When cells were growing in irradiating conditions at dose rates beyond 4 cGy h-1, a decreasing of cells and generation numbers with a prolongation of generation time and a change of morphological aspect with rounding-off of cells were observed compared to the control. The 50%-inhibitory dose (ID50) for radiation was estimated at 1568.72 ± 158.45 cGy. The gamma-radiation at dose rates more than 6 cGy h-1, affected both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase by inhibiting their activities. All of these effects were more pronounced when cells were irradiated at the dose rate of 20 cGy h-1 using 60Co source. For ROS markers generated by gamma-radiation in T. pyriformis, the results showed an increase of the lipid peroxidation in cells grown in presence of gamma-radiation at dose rates more than 6 cGy h-1 and an enhancement in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities from the dose rate of 1 cGy h-1. These encouraging results suggested the use of T. pyriformis as a unicellular model cell to investigate other aspects of the response to ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Ziyadi
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco.,Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Mâarif, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Iddar
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kabine
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Mâarif, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adnane Moutaouakkil
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guenaou I, Hmimid F, Lahlou FA, Errami A, Irahal IN, Fahde S, Ouafik 'L, Bourhim N. Cytoprotective effect of ethyl acetate fraction from Ephedra fragilis on H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108899. [PMID: 32991999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the ability of ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from Ephedra fragilis to function as a protective agent against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage in Tetrahymena pyriformis. The cells were preincubated with EAF (50-200 μg/mL) or ascorbic acid (50 μg/mL) for 24 h, followed by incubation with 50% H2O2 inhibitory concentration for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using trypan exclusion method. Cell morphology and mobility, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR)), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels, DNA fragmentation and metabolic enzymes activities (succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (NCCR)) were investigated. Our results indicate that, pretreatment of T. pyriformis cells with EAF improved the cell viability, restored normal cell mobility and morphology, decreased the levels of both MDA and PCO level, prevent DNA fragmentation and enhanced the activity of antioxidant (CAT, SOD and GR) and metabolic (SDH and NCCR) enzymes in H2O2 damaged cells. In conclusion, these results suggest for the first time that E. fragilis is a promising source of natural antioxidants, that could offer protection against oxidative stress and should be further exploited for its use in clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Guenaou
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fouzia Hmimid
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco; Biotechnologie, Environnement Et Santé, Faculté Des Sciences El Jadida, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Fatima Azzahra Lahlou
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco; Laboratoire National De Référence, Université Mohammed VI Des Sciences De La Santé Faculté De Médecine, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Errami
- National Institute of Forensic Science of the Police, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Nait Irahal
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sirine Fahde
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - 'L'houcine Ouafik
- Université Aix Marseille, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France; Université Aix Marseille, APHM, CHU Nord, Service De Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
| | - Noureddine Bourhim
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Maaiden E, El Kharrassi Y, Essamadi AK, Moustaid K, Nasser B. Improved Method for DNA Extraction and Purification from Tetrahymena pyriformis. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:E40. [PMID: 31164619 PMCID: PMC6632170 DOI: 10.3390/mps2020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahymena pyriformis (protozoa) is intensely investigated as a model organism, offering numerous advantages in comprehensive and multidisciplinary studies using morphologic or molecular methods. Since DNA extraction is a vital step of any molecular experiment, here a new mixed surfactant (Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 20%/Triton X-100) was adopted for effective DNA extraction from Tetrahymena pyriformis under an easy, fast protocol. The efficiency of this technique was then compared with three widely-used alternative techniques, namely the Chelex 100 matrix, Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APD) complex and SDS-chloroform methods. DNA extraction was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, spectral measurement, fluorometry (Qubit), restriction enzyme digestion, and polymerase chain reaction. Data analysis revealed that the quantity and quality of the recovered DNA varied depending on the applied DNA extraction method. The new method (SDS 20%/Triton X-100) was the most efficient for extracting DNA from Tetrahymena pyriformis with high integrity and purity, affordable cost, less time, and suitability for molecular applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurosciences, Department of Biology, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco.
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurosciences, Department of Biology, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco.
| | - Abdel Khalid Essamadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurosciences, Department of Biology, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco.
| | - Khadija Moustaid
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco.
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurosciences, Department of Biology, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Errafiy N, Ammar E, Soukri A. Protective effect of some essential oils against oxidative and nitrosative stress onTetrahymena thermophilagrowth. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2013.775681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
6
|
Errafiy N, Soukri A. Purification and partial characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:527-34. [PMID: 22543501 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we purified the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) which is involved in cellular energy production and has important housekeeping functions, from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila using a three-step procedure. The enzyme was purified ~68 folds by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by two steps of column chromatography (DEAE-cellulose and Mono-S). The purified enzyme is a homotetramer with a molecular weight of ~120 kDa. Isoelectric focusing analysis showed the presence of only one basic GAPDH isoform with an isoelectric point of 8.8. Western blot analysis showed a single 32-kDa band corresponding to the enzyme subunit using a monospecific polyclonal antibody against the T. thermophila GAPDH. The maximum of enzyme activity occurred at pH 8.0 and at 30-35°C. The apparent K(m) values for both NAD(+) and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were 0.102 ± 0.012 and 0.360 ± 0.018 mM, respectively. The maximal velocity (V(max)) was 39.40 ± 2.95 U/mg. The T. thermophila GAPDH is inhibited by oxidative and nitrosative stress reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Errafiy
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II-Aïn Chock, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP. 5366 Maârif, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fourrat L, Iddar A, Valverde F, Serrano A, Soukri A. Effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress on Tetrahymena pyriformis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2008; 54:338-46. [PMID: 17669159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports showed that hydrogen peroxide and the NO-generating reagent sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-modulated enzymatic activity of animal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.12). These modifications are suggested to have a physiological regulatory role. To gain further insight into this regulatory process the model ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis was chosen. Both reagents inhibited growth of T. pyriformis cultures and produced a specific increase of GAPDH protein but only NO seemed to reduce GAPDH activity in cell-free extracts. Both specific activity and pI were found to be altered in the in vivo NO-treated purified enzyme, but no effect was detected by the in vivo H(2)O(2) treatment. Analytical chromatofocusing showed a single basic isoform (pI 8.8) in enzyme preparations from control and H(2)O(2)-treated cells. In contrast to this, three more acidic isoforms (pIs, 8.6, 8.0 and 7.3) were resolved in purified fractions from SNP-treated cells, suggesting post-translational modification of the enzyme by NO. Nevertheless, a decrease of GAPDH activity by H(2)O(2) and NO, mainly due to a decrease in its V(max) without apparent change in substrate affinity, was observed in vitro in the whole enzyme population. The increase of GAPDH protein level found in vivo suggests a cell response in order to compensate for the inhibitory effect on activity observed in the purified enzyme. This is the first report of NO- and H(2)O(2)-dependent effects on GAPDH of T. pyriformis, and identifies this key protein of central carbon metabolism as a physiological target of oxidative and nitrosative stress in this ciliated protozoan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Fourrat
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique moléculaire, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Aïn-Chock, Université Hassan-II, Km 8 route d'El Jadida, B.P. 5366 Mâarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
PETRIDOU BARBARA, CUNY MARGUERITE, HAYES FRANÇOISE. Electrophoretic Mobility Patterns of Ribosomal Proteins as an Aid to Phenoset Classification of Amicronucleate Strains ofTetrahymena1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb01424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Barahona I, Galego L, Jacquet M, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Cloning of two β-tubulin related genes in tetrahymena pyriformis. FEBS Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Hafid N, Valverde F, Villalobo E, Elkebbaj MS, Torres A, Soukri A, Serrano A. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Tetrahymena pyriformis: enzyme purification and characterization of a gapC gene with primitive eukaryotic features. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 119:493-503. [PMID: 9734334 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC.1.2.1.12) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from an amicronucleated strain of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis using a three-step procedure. The native enzyme is an homotetramer of 145 kDa exhibiting absolute specificity for NAD. In its catalytic properties it is similar to other glycolytic GAPDHs. Chromatofocusing analysis showed the presence of only one basic GAPDH isoform with an isoelectric point of 8.8. Western blots using a monospecific polyclonal antibody raised against the T. pyriformis GAPDH showed a single 36-kDa band corresponding to the enzyme subunit in the cytosolic protein fraction of this strain and the closely related species, both from the class Oligohymenophorea, Paramecium tetraurelia. No bands were immunodetected in the ciliate Colpoda inflata (class Colpodea) and in the diverse eukaryotes and eubacteria tested. A 0.5-kb DNA fragment which corresponds to an internal region of a gapC gene was generated by polymerase chain reaction using cDNA of T. pyriformis as template. This gene codes for a basic GAPDH protein with eukaryotic-diplomonad signatures and exhibits a codon usage biased in the manner typical for T. pyriformis genes. Southern blots performed both under homologous and heterologous conditions using this amplified cDNA fragment as a probe, indicated that it should be the only gapC gene present in the macronuclear genome of this ciliate, its expression being confirmed by Northern blot analysis. These results are discussed in connection with the peculiar genomic organization of ciliates and in the context of protist evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hafid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences-Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amaral MD, Galego L, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Heat-shock-induced protein synthesis is responsible for the switch-off of hsp70 transcription in Tetrahymena. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1174:133-42. [PMID: 8357830 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90107-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We had previously described that new RNA synthesis is required for expression of the heat shock protein HSP70. Here, we find that the HSP70 mRNA decreases its levels under stress conditions, heat shock (HS) or arsenite (As), and that its levels start to decline at the same time as maximal HSPs synthesis (including HSP70) occurs. This suggests that regulation of the hsp70 gene is mainly exerted at the transcriptional level. Accumulation of the HSP70 mRNA in cells stressed in presence of cycloheximide (CHX), indicates that (a) protein(s) non-existent before stress, possibly HSP70 itself (which is shown here to be relatively stable), is involved in negatively regulating hsp70 expression. Since degradation of the HSP70 mRNA is also shown to occur in cells heat-shocked under CHX, as seen from decay of its levels upon addition of actinomycin D (AMD), the protein(s) must repress hsp70 expression at the transcriptional level. Other conditions that affect normal protein synthesis, namely the translation inhibitor puromycin and the arginine-analog canavanine (shown here to be stress inducers in Tetrahymena pyriformis), also cause a delay in transcription-arrest of the HSP70 mRNA. Under severe stress conditions of HS (36 degrees C) or As (350 microM), the levels of HSP70 mRNA are higher than under mild stress conditions, however, no significant difference is seen in the pattern of HSP70 mRNA decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Amaral
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neves AM, Guerreiro P, Miquerol L, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Molecular cloning and expression of a Tetrahymena pyriformis ubiquitin fusion gene coding for a 53-amino-acid extension protein. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1991; 230:186-92. [PMID: 1660564 DOI: 10.1007/bf00290667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Tetrahymena pyriformis has been shown to contain a ubiquitin multigene family consisting of several polyubiquitin genes and at least one ubiquitin fusion gene. We report here the isolation and characterization of one genomic clone (pTU11), that encodes a ubiquitin extension protein. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the ubiquitin extension protein gene of T. pyriformis with those from other organisms indicated a high degree of homology. However, the Tetrahymena ubiquitin extension protein contains 53 and not 52 amino acids. This feature is different from all ubiquitin 52-amino-acid extension protein genes thus far sequenced. Furthermore, we found an array of four cysteine residues similar to those found in nucleic acid binding proteins. Also, the C-terminal sequence possesses a conserved motif which may represent a nuclear translocation signal. The ubiquitin 53-amino-acid extension protein gene encodes the smallest class of ubiquitin mRNAs in T. pyriformis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Neves
- Laboratório Genética Molecular, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Soares H, Cyrne L, Barahona I, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Different patterns of expression of beta-tubulin genes in Tetrahymena pyriformis during reciliation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 197:291-9. [PMID: 1902785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis contains one alpha-tubulin (alpha TT) and two beta-tubulin (beta TT1 and beta TT2) genes. The specific expression of these genes was investigated by Northern blot hybridization using oligonucleotide probes complementary to beta TT1 and beta TT2 genes and the coding region of the alpha-tubulin gene. The three genes are expressed producing 1.8-kb mRNAs but the level of beta TT1 mRNA is much higher than that of beta TT2 mRNA. During cilia regeneration, we found that the expression patterns of the alpha TT and beta TT1 genes are similar whereas that of the beta TT2 gene is different. The alpha TT and beta TT1 transcripts reached higher values between 60-120 min after the onset of reciliation than in exponentially growing cells, while beta TT2 transcripts were maintained at low levels during the whole period. The differences in the amounts of steady-state populations of the both beta-tubulin mRNAs do not correspond to the copy number per haploid genome. These differences could result from the fact that the promoter region of beta TT2 may contain highly structured sequences which would affect the binding of the respective trans-acting factor(s). The apparent transcription rate revealed a significant increase at 15 min of reciliation which could be responsible for the high levels of alpha TT and beta TT1 transcripts in the cytoplasm between 60-120 min of reciliation. This coordinated response to cilia regeneration of the alpha TT and beta TT1 tubulin genes is also a relevant aspect of our findings. Several conserved motifs found in their promoter regions led us to think that some of them may function as cis-elements in the specific binding of nuclear protein factor(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Soares
- Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neves AM, Guerreiro P, Rodrigues-Pousada C. The macronuclear polyubiquitin gene of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 1991; 2:173-80. [PMID: 1667985 DOI: 10.3109/10425179109039687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of ubiquitin in ciliates was first demonstrated in Tetrahymena pyriformis. One clone--pTU2--presents two incomplete open reading frames and the putative polyubiquitin genes have been shown to be highly similar to those of other organisms. To further analyze the organization of this multigene family, several fragments of macronuclear DNA were cloned. We report here the isolation and characterization of one genomic clone (pTU20) that encodes a polyubiquitin gene (TU20) with five tandem repeats and presenting only one extra triplet CAA (Gln) upstream from the TGA. The promoter region of TU20 also presents a consensus heat shock element. The specific detection of RNA species with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe reveals that it corresponds to the 1.8 kb mRNA species whose expression is increased by temperature stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Neves
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciēncia, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neves AM, Barahona I, Galego L, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Ubiquitin genes in Tetrahymena pyriformis and their expression during heat shock. Gene X 1988; 73:87-96. [PMID: 2854094 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Tetrahymena pyriformis was shown to contain a ubiquitin multigene family consisting of at least four polyubiquitin genes. Three genomic clones with different ubiquitin-coding sequences, were isolated and partially characterized. The complete nucleotide sequence of one of these clones (pTU2) was determined and showed two open reading frames (ORFs) at opposite ends of the cloned DNA insert. A comparison of the predicted amino acid (aa) sequence of T. pyriformis ubiquitin-coding unit with those from other organisms indicated a high degree of homology. However, Tetrahymena ubiquitin contained two aa substitutions at positions 16 (Asp) and 19 (Ala). Interestingly, the first pTU2 ORF showed two extra triplets coding for Ser and Gln, upstream from TGA. This feature is different from all the polyubiquitin genes thus far sequenced. Regions flanking the 3' and 5' ubiquitin-coding sequences presented several conserved motifs. The 5' flanking sequence of the second ORF of pTU2 contained one heat-shock element. We therefore studied the expression of the ubiquitin genes under stress conditions. The results showed that they are heat-inducible and that a new specific 1.6-kb mRNA appeared. These results suggest that the regulation of ubiquitin genes is important in T. pyriformis under thermal stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Neves
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cóias R, Galego L, Barahona I, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Destabilization of tubulin mRNA during heat shock in Tetrahymena pyriformis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 175:467-74. [PMID: 3137027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of tubulin gene expression was studied in Tetrahymena pyriformis cells during heat shock (shift from 28 degrees C to 34 degrees C). Fluorograms of two-dimensional gels of radiolabelled proteins synthesized during thermal stress revealed that tubulin synthesis is highly repressed when compared with that of exponentially growing cells. The variation in the levels of alpha and beta-tubulin mRNAs was analyzed by Northern-blot hybridization using homologous genomic probes (alpha TT and beta TT1). The results obtained show that heat shock induces a drastic and coordinate reduction in the amount of alpha and beta-tubulin mRNAs isolated from polysomes. This decrease is not due to a shift from the polysomes to the post-polysomal fraction because it was also observed when total cytoplasmic mRNAs were analyzed. Run-on transcription experiments were performed in order to examine whether repression of transcription in heat-shocked cells could explain that reduction. The results obtained show that the apparent rates of tubulin gene transcription are not significantly modified, but on the contrary increase slightly in cells heat-shocked for 15 min and 30 min. The effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis, cycloheximide and pactamycin, on the destabilization of tubulin mRNAs were tested in heat-shocked Tetrahymena cells. Our results revealed that in the presence of these inhibitors, tubulin mRNAs become more stable thus suggesting that an induced factor may be involved in the degradation of alpha and beta-tubulin mRNAs during heat shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cóias
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Instituto Gulbenkian, Oeirás, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barahona I, Soares H, Cyrne L, Penque D, Denoulet P, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Sequence of one alpha- and two beta-tubulin genes of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Structural and functional relationships with other eukaryotic tubulin genes. J Mol Biol 1988; 202:365-82. [PMID: 3139885 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Macronuclear DNA of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis contains only one size class of fragments coding for alpha-tubulin, alpha TT. We have isolated alpha TT from a partial plasmid library, using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alpha-tubulin gene as a probe. This gene as well as the two beta-tubulin genes, beta TT1 and beta TT2, have been sequenced. None of these genes contains introns and all use TGA as the stop codon. In the coding region of the two beta-tubulin genes, there are several TAA and TAG stop codons that probably code for glutamine. The codon usage is very biased. Regions flanking the tubulin coding sequences are A + T-rich (75%) and quite different among themselves. In these regions there are several putative transcription-regulatory sequences. Nuclear transcripts begin and terminate at multiple sites. The beta-tubulin proteins differ only in two amino acid residues. Primary structure of Tetrahymena tubulins as well as their hydropathy indexes show a high degree of homology with tubulins from other organisms. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the ciliary tubulins shows the presence of eight alpha-tubulins and four beta-tubulins. The alpha-tubulins migrate faster than the beta-tubulins, in contrast with what happens with brain tubulins. We suggest that there are several alpha- and beta-tubulin isoforms and the migratory inversion observed may be due to post-translational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Barahona
- Department of Microbiology, Institute Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amaral MD, Galego L, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Stress response of Tetrahymena pyriformis to arsenite and heat shock: differences and similarities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 171:463-70. [PMID: 3126063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and cellular events associated with the response of Tetrahymena pyriformis to stress induced by sodium meta-arsenite, have been examined by pulse-labelling experiments. This stress agent induces the synthesis of two main groups of proteins, with molecular masses in the ranges 70-75 kDa and 25-29 kDa, together with other proteins of molecular masses 92, 83, 46, 42 (two species), 36 and 35 kDa. Comparison of the results with those of a previous study concerning the response of T. pyriformis to heat-shock, shows that the two main groups of proteins, as well as the 92-kDa and 35-kDa species, which seem to be similarly induced by both types of stress, display similar or identical peptide maps. Other stress proteins seem to be either heat-shock-specific or arsenite-specific. Studies using actinomycin D suggest that the response to arsenite is controlled mainly at the transcriptional level, for the 70-75-kDa group and 92-kDa proteins, but it seems that the other arsenite-induced proteins are subjected to transcriptional/translational control. In fact, results obtained by northern blotting, show that the mRNA coding for the 70-kDa stress protein is present only in stressed cells, whereas the 27-kDa-coding mRNA is present both in stressed and in unstressed cells. Inhibition of translation by cycloheximide has shown that heat-shock-induced-messengers are conserved under heat to be immediately translated upon removal of that inhibitor. Qualitatively similar results are obtained after prolonged treatments of T. pyriformis with arsenite and cycloheximide. The most striking difference between the responses of T. pyriformis to these two stress conditions is that arsenite does not repress normal protein synthesis so drastically as heat shock. In addition, our results suggest that some arsenite-induced messengers may be more stable than the corresponding heat-shock-induced messengers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Amaral
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bourgeois CA, Hubert J. Spatial relationship between the nucleolus and the nuclear envelope: structural aspects and functional significance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1988; 111:1-52. [PMID: 3074957 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
20
|
Galego L, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Regulation of gene expression in Tetrahymena pyriformis under heat-shock and during recovery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 149:571-8. [PMID: 2861093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins extracted from Tetrahymena pyriformis cells, which were shifted from 28 degrees C to 34 degrees C (heat-shocked) and then labelled with [35S]-methionine, were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis according to the method of O'Farrell. In the fluorogram obtained after 2.5 min heat-shock new polypeptide spots already appear in the region of 70-75 kDa and 25-29 kDa, indicating that the induction response is very rapidly triggered. Other newly induced proteins become more intense after 15 min and 30 min of heat-shock. After a 60-min treatment, the electrophoretic analysis shows the normal pattern of proteins resembling that of exponentially growing cells. Our experiments in vivo and in vitro also show that the messengers coding for stress proteins have a short lifetime, suggesting that modulation of the translation efficiency of heat-shock protein mRNAs is accompanied by an alteration in their biological stability. Studies using the inhibitor actinomycin D suggest that control of this response is exercise mainly at the transcriptional level for the 70-75-kDa and at the translational level for the 25-29-kDa heat-shock proteins. When T. pyriformis cells are allowed to recover at 28 degrees C the heat-shock proteins disappear completely and normal protein synthesis is completely re-established. Although the level of normal protein synthesis attained is lower, cells are able to recover completely from heat-shock when new mRNA synthesis is blocked by actinomycin D, indicating a conservation of normal pre-existing mRNAs during heat-shock.
Collapse
|
21
|
Galego L, Barahona I, Rodrigues-Pousada C. Response of Tetrahymena pyriformis to stress induced by starvation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 139:163-71. [PMID: 6199197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb07990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
mRNA synthesis was studied in exponentially growing and starved Tetrahymena pyriformis. Poly(A)-containing RNAs separated from total RNA by affinity chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose were characterized by poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis; their template activity was assayed in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and their translation products were analysed using two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O'Farrell. Polysome profiles show that the bulk of ribosomes are in 80S monosomes in starved cells, whereas less than 8% are present in the form of monosomes in exponentially growing cells, the rest being engaged in polysomes. Polysomes are almost completely reformed 30 min after addition of enriched medium to suspensions of starved cells. This polysome reformation is dependent on mRNA synthesis since we have shown that it is inhibited by actinomycin D. Electrophoretic profiles of poly(A)-rich RNA isolated from cytoplasmic fractions of exponential and starved cells are indistinguishable except that in the latter state significant amounts of low-molecular-mass species are observed. Poly(A)-rich RNAs isolated from polysomal and non-polysomal (subpolysomal) fractions of exponential cells are equally able to promote protein synthesis. The corresponding poly(A)-rich RNAs isolated from starved cells also possess equal template activities which are, however, 15% lower than those of the poly(A)-rich RNAs of exponentially growing cells. We also present evidence that in the system used in vitro, polyadenylated RNA isolated from heavy polysomes of starved cells directs the synthesis of four sets of proteins with molecular masses around 100 kDa, 70 kDa, 50 kDa and 30 kDa. The former two groups of proteins are more abundant in the translation products of poly(A)-rich RNA of starved than of normal cells, whereas the latter two groups are present only in the translation products of poly(A)-rich RNA of starved Cells. The fluorograms of the translation products obtained in vitro from subpolysomal poly(A)-rich RNA are identical to those obtained from polysomal poly(A)-rich RNA. Studies on starved cells in vivo show that polypeptides of 100 kDa, 70 kDa and 38 kDa are more strongly labelled and also revealed the specific presence of 85 kDa, 55 kDa, 50 kDa and 25 kDa proteins. These results lead us to the conclusion that this microorganism responds to depleted environmental conditions by regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level, but also at the translational level.
Collapse
|
22
|
PETRIDOU BARBARA, CUNY MARGUERITE, HAYES FRANÇOISE. Electrophoretic Mobility Patterns of Ribosomal Proteins as an Aid to Phenoset Classification of Amicronucleate Strains of Tetrahymena. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb05479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
23
|
In vitro nuclear transport of ribosomal ribonucleoprotein: temperature affects quantity but not quality of exported particles. Mol Cell Biol 1983. [PMID: 6855771 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.3.4.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro export of ribosomal ribonucleoprotein (rRNP) from Tetrahymena nuclei was investigated at the optimal growth temperature of 28 degrees C and at the nonlethal temperature of 8 degrees C. At both temperatures, nuclei exported ribosomal precursor particles that revealed the same physical qualities of size, appearance in negative-staining electron microscopy, sedimentation coefficient, buoyant density, and rRNA pattern. Surprisingly, fewer rRNP particles were exported at 8 than at 28 degrees C, as was revealed by a lower saturation plateau in the export kinetics from nuclei prelabeled with [3H]uridine. Upon a temperature increase from 8 to 28 degrees C, additional rRNP particles were exported. We conclude that nuclei export only a defined portion of rRNP particles at a given temperature, although enough potentially transportable rRNP particles are present in nuclei. Obviously, the reactivity of at least one of the reactants involved directly or indirectly in rRNP export changes with temperature.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wunderlich F, Giese G, Falk H. In vitro nuclear transport of ribosomal ribonucleoprotein: temperature affects quantity but not quality of exported particles. Mol Cell Biol 1983; 3:693-8. [PMID: 6855771 PMCID: PMC368585 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.3.4.693-698.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro export of ribosomal ribonucleoprotein (rRNP) from Tetrahymena nuclei was investigated at the optimal growth temperature of 28 degrees C and at the nonlethal temperature of 8 degrees C. At both temperatures, nuclei exported ribosomal precursor particles that revealed the same physical qualities of size, appearance in negative-staining electron microscopy, sedimentation coefficient, buoyant density, and rRNA pattern. Surprisingly, fewer rRNP particles were exported at 8 than at 28 degrees C, as was revealed by a lower saturation plateau in the export kinetics from nuclei prelabeled with [3H]uridine. Upon a temperature increase from 8 to 28 degrees C, additional rRNP particles were exported. We conclude that nuclei export only a defined portion of rRNP particles at a given temperature, although enough potentially transportable rRNP particles are present in nuclei. Obviously, the reactivity of at least one of the reactants involved directly or indirectly in rRNP export changes with temperature.
Collapse
|
25
|
Rodrigues-Pousada C, Contenças P, Hayes DH. Protein complements of 80 S ribosomal precursor particles from Tetrahymena pyriformis. FEBS Lett 1981; 136:239-43. [PMID: 6799327 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
26
|
Franke WW, Kleinschmidt JA, Spring H, Krohne G, Grund C, Trendelenburg MF, Stoehr M, Scheer U. A nucleolar skeleton of protein filaments demonstrated in amplified nucleoli of Xenopus laevis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1981; 90:289-99. [PMID: 6169728 PMCID: PMC2111883 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.90.2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplified, extrachromosomal nucleoli of Xenopus oocytes contain a meshwork of approximately 4-nm-thick filaments, which are densely coiled into higher-order fibrils of diameter 30-40 nm and are resistant to treatment with high- and low-salt concentrations, nucleases (DNase I, pancreatic RNase, micrococcal nuclease), sulfhydryl agents, and various nonionic detergents. This filamentous "skeleton" has been prepared from manually isolated nuclear contents and nucleoli as well as from nucleoli isolated by fluorescence-activated particle sorting. The nucleolar skeletons are observed in light and electron microscopy and are characterized by ravels of filaments that are especially densely packed in the nucleolar cortex. DNA as well as RNA are not constituents of this structure, and precursors to ribosomal RNAs are completely removed from the extraction-resistant filaments by treatment with high-salt buffer or RNase. Fractions of isolated nucleolar skeletons show specific enrichment of an acidic major protein of 145,000 mol wt and an apparent pI value of approximately 6.15, accompanied in some preparations by various amounts of minor proteins. The demonstration of this skeletal structure in "free" extrachromosomal nucleoli excludes the problem of contaminations by nonnucleolar material such as perinucleolar heterochromatin normally encountered in studies of nucleoli from somatic cells. It is suggested that this insoluble protein filament complex forms a skeleton specific to the nucleolus proper that is different from other extraction-resistant components of the nucleus such as matrix and lamina and is involved in the spatial organization of the nucleolar chromatin and its transcriptional products.
Collapse
|
27
|
|