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Kobayashi Y, Tateno H, Ogawa H, Yamamoto K, Hirabayashi J. Comprehensive list of lectins: origins, natures, and carbohydrate specificities. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1200:555-577. [PMID: 25117264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1292-6_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 years have passed since the first lectin ricin was discovered. Since then, a wide variety of lectins (lect means "select" in Latin) have been isolated from plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, as well as viruses, and their structures and properties have been characterized. At present, as many as 48 protein scaffolds have been identified as functional lectins from the viewpoint of three-dimensional structures as described in this chapter. In this chapter, representative 53 lectins are selected, and their major properties that include hemagglutinating activity, mitogen activity, blood group specificity, molecular weight, metal requirement, and sugar specificities are summarized as a comprehensive table. The list will provide a practically useful, comprehensive list for not only experienced lectin users but also many other non-expert researchers, who are not familiar to lectins and, therefore, have no access to advanced lectin biotechnologies described in other chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobayashi
- J-Oil Mills, Inc., 11, Kagetoricho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0064, Japan,
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Suzuki T, Sugiyama K, Hirai H, Ito H, Morita T, Dohra H, Murata T, Usui T, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J, Kobayashi Y, Kawagishi H. Mannose-specific lectin from the mushroom Hygrophorus russula. Glycobiology 2011; 22:616-29. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Purification of a lectin from Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott and its pro-inflammatory effects. Molecules 2011; 16:9480-94. [PMID: 22083235 PMCID: PMC6264375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocot lectin from the tubers of Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott has been purified by consecutive hydrophobic chromatography and ion exchange chromatography methods. The molecular weight of this A. erubescens lectin (AEL) was determined to be about 12 kDa by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) methods. AEL could agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes. The haemagglutination activity of AEL was only inhibited by asialofetuin, while monosaccharide did not react. Rat paw edema and neutrophil migration models were used to investigate the pro-inflammatory activity of AEL. AEL (100 and 200 μg/paw) could induce significant rat paw edema. In addition, AEL (100, 200 and 300 μg/mL/cavity) could induce significant and dose-dependent neutrophil migration in the rat peritoneal cavities. Besides, AEL at doses ranging from 100 to 300 μg/mL/cavity could significantly increase the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in peritoneal fluid. As compared with control animals, 75% depletion in the number of resident cells following peritoneal lavage did not reduce the AEL-induced neutrophil migration. However, pre-treatment with 3% thioglycollate which increased the peritoneal macrophage population by 201%, enhanced the neutrophil migration induced by AEL (200 μg/mL/cavity) (p < 0.05). Reduction of peritoneal mast cell population by chronic treatment of rat peritoneal cavities with compound 48/80 (N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde) did not modify AEL-induced neutrophil migration. The results provided the basis for identifying the toxic components of A. erubescens and AEL could be a new useful tool for pro-inflammatory research.
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Yang Y, Xu HL, Zhang ZT, Liu JJ, Li WW, Ming H, Bao JK. Characterization, molecular cloning, and in silico analysis of a novel mannose-binding lectin from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) with anti-HSV-II and apoptosis-inducing activities. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:748-755. [PMID: 21146383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum odoratum lectin (POL), a novel mannose-binding lectin with anti-viral and apoptosis-inducing activities, was isolated from rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce. POL was a homo-tetramer with molecular weight of 11953.623Da per subunits as determined by gel filtration, SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Based on its N-terminal 29-amino acid sequence the full-length cDNA sequence of POL was cloned. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis and molecular modeling revealed that POL belonged to the Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectin family, which acquired unique mannose-binding specificity. The hemagglutinating activities of POL were metal ion-independent, and were stable within certain range of pH and temperature alterations. Moreover, POL showed remarkable anti-HSV-II activity towards Vero cells, cytotoxicity towards human melanoma A375 cells and induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Recombinant expression of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin with anti-viral, apoptosis-inducing activities and preliminary crystallization. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang ZT, Peng H, Li CY, Liu JJ, Zhou TT, Yan YF, Li Y, Bao JK. Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway as compared to Ophiopogon japonicus lectin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 18:25-31. [PMID: 20655713 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectin family, a superfamily of strictly mannose-binding specific lectins, has been well-known to possess several biological functions including apoptosis-inducing activities. However, the precise mechanisms of GNA-related lectins to induce apoptosis remains to be clarified. In this study, we showed that Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin (PCL) and Ophiopogon japonicus lectin (OJL), the two mannose-binding GNA-related lectins, could induce murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that there was a close link between their sugar-binding and apoptosis-inducing activities. Interestingly, we further confirmed that the mechanism of lectin-induced apoptosis was a caspase-dependent pathway. Moreover, we found that the two lectins could amplify tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings would open a new perspective for GNA-related lectins as potential anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-ting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
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Fouquaert E, Peumans WJ, Vandekerckhove TTM, Ongenaert M, Van Damme EJM. Proteins with an Euonymus lectin-like domain are ubiquitous in Embryophyta. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:136. [PMID: 19930663 PMCID: PMC2788552 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cloning of the Euonymus lectin led to the discovery of a novel domain that also occurs in some stress-induced plant proteins. The distribution and the diversity of proteins with an Euonymus lectin (EUL) domain were investigated using detailed analysis of sequences in publicly accessible genome and transcriptome databases. RESULTS Comprehensive in silico analyses indicate that the recently identified Euonymus europaeus lectin domain represents a conserved structural unit of a novel family of putative carbohydrate-binding proteins, which will further be referred to as the Euonymus lectin (EUL) family. The EUL domain is widespread among plants. Analysis of retrieved sequences revealed that some sequences consist of a single EUL domain linked to an unrelated N-terminal domain whereas others comprise two in tandem arrayed EUL domains. A new classification system for these lectins is proposed based on the overall domain architecture. Evolutionary relationships among the sequences with EUL domains are discussed. CONCLUSION The identification of the EUL family provides the first evidence for the occurrence in terrestrial plants of a highly conserved plant specific domain. The widespread distribution of the EUL domain strikingly contrasts the more limited or even narrow distribution of most other lectin domains found in plants. The apparent omnipresence of the EUL domain is indicative for a universal role of this lectin domain in plants. Although there is unambiguous evidence that several EUL domains possess carbohydrate-binding activity further research is required to corroborate the carbohydrate-binding properties of different members of the EUL family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Fouquaert
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willy J Peumans
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom TM Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maté Ongenaert
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els JM Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Expression and characterization of two domains of Pinellia ternata agglutinin (PTA), a plant agglutinin from Pinellia ternata with antifungal activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Peng H, Lv H, Wang Y, Liu YH, Li CY, Meng L, Chen F, Bao JK. Clematis montana lectin, a novel mannose-binding lectin from traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral and apoptosis-inducing activities. Peptides 2009; 30:1805-15. [PMID: 19577602 PMCID: PMC7115534 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel mannose-binding lectin (designated CML) was isolated from Clematis montana Buch.-Ham stem (Ranunculaceae) using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-100. The purified C. montana lectin was a homodimer of 11,968.9 Da subunits as determined by gel filtration and MS. The hemagglutinating activity of CML was inhibited by branched oligomannosides. The N-terminal 15-amino acid sequence of CML, DNVKYSGQVKNTGSA, has not been reported for other lectins. Also, the peptide mass fingerprinting assay confirmed that there is no match result of similar plant lectins for CML, indicating CML may be a novel plant lectin. CML showed marked antiviral activity against various viruses in cell culture. Subsequently, CML was also found to exhibit remarkable inhibitory effect on L929, HeLa, MCF7 and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, CML specially induced L929 cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manner as evidenced by MTT, fluorescent microscopy, LDH activity-based cytotoxicity assays and DNA ladder. Moreover, due to both caspase inhibitors and Western blot analyses, caspase was also found to play the important role in the potential apoptotic mechanism of CML. When the carbohydrate-binding site was fully inhibited by sugars, cytotoxicity was abruptly decreased and apoptotic phenomenon in L929 cells was not observed, suggesting a significant correlation between mannose-binding-specific activity and the antineoplastic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Ye SH, Chen S, Zhang F, Wang W, Tian Q, Liu JZ, Chen F, Bao JK. Transgenic tobacco expressing Zephyranthes grandiflora agglutinin confers enhanced resistance to aphids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 158:615-30. [PMID: 19067248 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant lectins have been reported as transgenic resistance factors against a variety of insect pests. Herein, homologous analysis demonstrated that Zephyranthes grandiflora agglutinin (ZGA) exhibited high similarity with other monocot mannose-binding lectins (MBLs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it had taxonomical relationships with insecticidal MBLs. Subsequently, a plasmid expression vector pBI121 containing zga gene (pBIZGA) was constructed using the zga sequence, under the control of CaMV35S promoter and nos terminator. pBIZGA was then integrated into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum L. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis demonstrated that this zga gene was integrated into the plant genome. Western blotting and agglutinating activity analysis also showed that transgenic tobacco plants expressed different levels of ZGA. Carbohydrate inhibition analysis indicated that recombinant ZGA and the native shared the same carbohydrate-binding specificity. Moreover, genetic analysis confirmed Mendelian segregation (3:1) of the transgenic in T1 progenies. In planta bioassays on T0 plants and their progenies indicated that expressed ZGA had an effect on reducing the survivability and fecundity of tobacco aphids (Myzus nicotianae). These findings demonstrate that the novel zga gene of ZGA can be expressed in crop plants susceptible to various sap-sucking insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-hua Ye
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Xu X, Wu C, Liu C, Luo Y, Li J, Zhao X, Damme EV, Bao J. Purification and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume with antiproliferative activity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:507-19. [PMID: 17622470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A lectin with a novel N-terminal amino acid sequence was purified from the rhizomes of Aspidistra elatior Blume by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and carboxymethyl-Sepharose and gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-100. The A. elatior Blume lectin (AEL) is a heterotetramer with a molecular mass of 56 kDa and composed of two homodimers consisting of two different polypeptides of 13.5 kDa and 14.5 kDa held together by noncovalent interactions. Hapten inhibition assay indicated that hemagglutinating activity of AEL towards rabbit erythrocytes could be inhibited by D-mannose, mannan, thyroglobulin and ovomucoid. The lectin was stable up to 70 degrees C, and showed maximum activity in a narrow pH range of 7.0-8.0. Chemical modification and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activity towards Bre-04 (66%), Lu-04 (60%) and HepG2 (56%) of human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Luo Y, Xu X, Liu J, Li J, Sun Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Van Damme E, Balzarini J, Bao J. A Novel Mannose-binding Tuber Lectin from Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decne (family Araceae) with Antiviral Activity Against HSV-II and Anti-proliferative Effect on Human Cancer Cell Lines. BMB Rep 2007; 40:358-67. [PMID: 17562287 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.3.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mannose-binding tuber lectin with in vitro antiproliferative activity towards human cancer cell lines and antiviral activity against HSV-II was isolated from fresh tubers of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decne by a combined procedure involving extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-SEPHAROSE, CM-SEPHAROSE and gel-filtration on sephacryl S-200. The apparent molecular mass of the purified Typhonium divaricatum lectin (TDL) was 48 kDa. TDL exhibits hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes at 0.95 microg/ml, and its activity could be strongly inhibited by mannan, ovomucoid, asialofetuin and thyroglobulin. TDL showed antiproliferative activity towards some well established human cancer cell lines, e.g. Pro-01 (56.7 +/- 6.8), Bre-04 (41.5 +/- 4.8), and Lu-04 (11.4 +/- 0.3). The anti-HSV-II activity of TDL was elucidated by testing its HSV-II infection inhibitory activity in Vero cells with TC(50) and EC(50) of 5.176 mg/ml and 3.054 microg/ml respectively. The full-length cDNA sequence of TDL was 1145 bp and contained an 813-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 271 amino acid precursor of 29-kDa. Homology analysis showed that TDL had high homology with many other mannose-binding lectins. Secondary and three-dimensional structures analyses showed that TDL is heterotetramer and similar with lectins from mannose-binding lectin superfamily, especially those from family Araceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Chu KT, Ng TB. Smilaxin, a novel protein with immunostimulatory, antiproliferative, and HIV-1-reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from fresh Smilax glabra rhizomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 340:118-24. [PMID: 16375860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A protein, with a novel N-terminal amino acid sequence and a molecular mass of 30 kDa, was purified from fresh Smilax glabra rhizomes by adsorption on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, Con A-Sepharose, and Mono S, and by fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The protein, designated as smilaxin, stimulated uptake of [methyl-3H]thymidine by murine splenocytes, peritoneal macrophages, and bone marrow cells, and production of nitric oxide by peritoneal macrophages. It inhibited uptake of [methyl-3H]thymidine by MBL2 and PU5 tumor cells but not uptake by S180 and L1210 cells. Smilaxin augmented glucose uptake into rat adipose tissue. It attenuated the activity of HIV-1-reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 5.6 microM. However, it did not display hemagglutinating, antifungal or translation-inhibitory activities, indicating that it is not a lectin, an antifungal protein, or a ribosome-inactivating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, China
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Kakehi K, Kinoshita M, Oda Y, Abdul-Rahman B. Lectin from bulbs of Crocus sativus recognizing N-linked core glycan: isolation and binding studies using fluorescence polarization. Methods Enzymol 2003; 362:512-22. [PMID: 12968385 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Kakehi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakee, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Esteban R, Dopico B, Muñoz FJ, Romo S, Labrador E. A seedling specific vegetative lectin gene is related to development in Cicer arietinum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2002; 114:619-626. [PMID: 11975737 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant lectins are a group of glycoproteins with the ability to recognize and bind carbohydrate ligands. Seed lectins function as storage and defense proteins, but the specific function of vegetative lectins is uncertain. In this paper we describe the characterization of a clone, CanVLEC, encoding a vegetative lectin from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana). The expression of the CanVLEC gene was specific in seedlings, mostly in hooks and elongating epicotyls, and no expression was detected in adult plants. The level of chickpea vegetative lectin transcripts in epicotyls decreased through the epicotyl growth suggesting a relationship to development. Treatment with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and brassinolides (BR), hormones that promoted elongation in chickpea epicotyl, increased the level of CanVLEC mRNA, supporting a relationship to growth. CanVLEC is drastically down regulated by water deficit ruling out its possible involvement in plant response to water stress, unlike other vegetative lectins. CanVLEC protein may be targeted to an extracellular location owing to the presence of a signal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Esteban
- Department de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Isolation and characterization of a lectin with exclusive specificity towards mannose from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) bulbs. FEBS Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kakehi K, Oda Y, Kinoshita M. Fluorescence polarization: analysis of carbohydrate-protein interaction. Anal Biochem 2001; 297:111-6. [PMID: 11673876 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization has been widely used for the studies on the molecular motion in solution and has been applied to immunoassays for proteins, therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical pharmacy, and assays for environmentally toxic compounds. Because fluorescence polarization is most readily applicable to the kinetic analysis of the binding reaction between a substance having small molecular mass and a receptor molecule, this method is easily applied to the analysis of carbohydrate-lectin binding. In this tutorial Thematic Review, we briefly introduce the principles of fluorescence polarization and some applications of fluorescence polarization technique to glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kakehi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577, Japan.
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Lam YW, Ng TB. A monomeric mannose-binding lectin from inner shoots of the edible chive (Allium tuberosum). JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2001; 20:361-6. [PMID: 11732687 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012224602848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A mannose-binding lectin was isolated from the inner shoots of the chive Allium tuberosum. The procedure involved aqueous extraction, (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, dialysis to remove (NH4)2SO4, affinity chromatography on mannose-agarose, ion exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose, gel filtration on Superdex 75, and ion exchange chromatography on Mono S. Lectin activity was adsorbed on mannose-agarose, SP-Sepharose, and Mono S. The lectin demonstrated a molecular weight of 13 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, indicating that it is a single-chain protein. N-terminal sequence analysis revealed its remarkable homology to Allium cepa lectin and similarity to a lesser extent to lectins from members of the Amaryllidaceae, Orchidaceae, and Liliaceae. The lectin manifested mitogenic activity in murine splenocytes and inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ooi LS, Sun SS, Ng TB, Ooi VE. Molecular cloning and the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of Narcissus tazetta isolectins. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2001; 20:305-10. [PMID: 11594464 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010949617770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently several complete cDNAs encoding the Narcissus tazetta lectins (NTL) were cloned. The sequence analyses of the cloned DNAs reveal that there are at least three unidentical positive clones for NTLs. The primary structure of the three NTL clones contains a mature polypeptide consisting of 105 amino acids and a C-terminal peptide extension beyond the C-terminal amino acids Thr-Gly. There are two fixed-position cysteines within the protein domain (amino acids 29 and 52), which are probably involved in the disulfide-bond linkage within the molecules to confer the secondary structure of the mature lectin. One third of the deduced amino acid composition consisted of glycine, leucine, and asparagine. From the cDNA-derived amino acid sequences the three NTL clones are not identical and are suggested to be isolectins present in N. tazetta var. chinensis. This study further confirms the previous isolation of mannose-specific isolectins from Chinese daffodil leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Ooi
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
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Wang X, Sun P, Al-Qamari A, Tai T, Kawashima I, Paller AS. Carbohydrate-carbohydrate binding of ganglioside to integrin alpha(5) modulates alpha(5)beta(1) function. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:8436-44. [PMID: 11118433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006097200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides GT1b and GD3, components of keratinocyte membranes, inhibit keratinocyte adhesion to fibronectin. Although ganglioside sialylation is known to be important, the mechanism of inhibition is unknown. Using purified insect recombinant alpha(5) and beta(1) proteins and alpha(5)beta(1) integrin from lysed keratinocyte-derived SCC12 cells, we have shown that GT1b and GD3 inhibit the binding of alpha(5)beta(1) to fibronectin. Co-immunoprecipitation of GT1b and alpha(5)beta(1) from SCC12 cells and direct binding of GT1b and GD3 to affinity-purified alpha(5)beta(1) from SCC12 cells and insect recombinant alpha(5)beta(1), particularly the alpha(5) subunit, further suggest interaction between ganglioside and alpha(5)beta(1). The carbohydrate moieties of integrin appear to be critical since gangliosides are unable to bind deglycosylated forms of alpha(5)beta(1) from SCC12 and insect cells or poorly glycosylated recombinant alpha(5)beta(1) from Escherichia coli cells. The GT1b-alpha(5)beta(1) interaction is inhibited by concanavalin A, suggesting that GT1b binds to mannose structures in alpha(5)beta(1). The preferential binding of GT1b to high mannose rather than reduced mannose ovalbumin further implicates the binding of GT1b to mannose structures. These data provide evidence that highly sialylated gangliosides regulate alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated adhesion of epithelial cells to fibronectin through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between GT1b and the alpha(5) subunit of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
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Ng TB, Yu YL. Isolation of a novel heterodimeric agglutinin from rhizomes of Smilax glabra, the Chinese medicinal material tufuling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2001; 33:269-77. [PMID: 11311858 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A heterodimeric agglutinin with a molecular mass of 32 kDa, and comprised of a 15 and a 17 kDa-subunit, was isolated from Smilax glabra rhizomes. The isolation protocol entailed ion exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose, DEAE-cellulose and Resource Q and gel filtration on Superose 12. The two agglutinin subunits resembled each other and lectins from other Liliaceae plants in N-terminal sequence. The hemagglutinating activity of the agglutinin was unstable under acidic and alkaline conditions and when exposed to temperatures at or higher than 50 degrees C. The activity was not altered by a number of monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations, nor by a variety of sugars and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Ooi LS, Ng TB, Geng Y, Ooi VE. Lectins from bulbs of the Chinese daffodil Narcissus tazetta (family Amaryllidaceae). Biochem Cell Biol 2001; 78:463-8. [PMID: 11012085 DOI: 10.1139/o00-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of three lectins with similar N-terminal amino acid sequences from the bulbs of the Chinese daffodil Narcissus tazetta was achieved. The isolation protocol involved ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on mannose-agarose, and fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superose 12. The lectins were all adsorbed on mannose-agarose and demonstrated a single band with a molecular weight of 13 kDa in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single 26 kDa peak in gel filtration, indicating that they were mannose-binding, dimeric proteins. The lectins differed in hemagglutinating activity, with the magnitude of the activity correlating with the ionic strength of the buffer required to elute the lectin from the DEAE-cellulose column. The bulb lectin did not exert potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines or fetal bovine lung cells but inhibited syncytium formation in, and reinstated viability of, fetal bovine lung cells infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Ooi
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT
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23
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Wu AM, Song SC, Tsai MS, Herp A. A Guide to the Carbohydrate Specificities of Applied Lectins-2. THE MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES —2 2001; 491:551-85. [PMID: 14533822 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Wu
- Glyco-Immunochemistry Research Laboratory, Chang-Gung Medical College, Chang-Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
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24
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Oda Y, Nakayama K, Abdul-Rahman B, Kinoshita M, Hashimoto O, Kawasaki N, Hayakawa T, Kakehi K, Tomiya N, Lee YC. Crocus sativus Lectin Recognizes Man3GlcNAc in the N-Glycan Core Structure. J Biol Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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25
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Ooi LS, Ng TB, Sun SS, Ooi VE. Mannose-specific isolectins with different hemagglutinating potencies isolated from Chinese daffodil (Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis) leaves. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2000; 19:163-8. [PMID: 10945441 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007042902391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three mannose-specific lectins exhibiting considerable similarities in NH2-terminal amino acid sequence were isolated from leaves of the Chinese daffodil Narcissus tazetta (Family Amaryllidaceae). The purification protocol involved extraction with an aqueous buffer, anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose using stepwise elution with increasing salt concentrations, affinity chromatography on mannose-agarose, and FPLC-gel filtration on Superose 12. From the peak unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose, and two peaks adsorbed on the ion exchanger and eluted respectively with 0.2 M Tris-HCl buffer and 0.5 M NaCl, were prepared fractions which yielded isolectins 1, 2, and 3 after adsorption on mannose-agarose and FPLC-gel filtration. All three isolectins were homodimers with a molecular weight of 26 kDa. The lectin unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose had the lowest, while the most strongly adsorbed lectin had the highest hemagglutinating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Ooi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories
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26
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Mo H, Rice KG, Evers DL, Winter HC, Peumans WJ, Van Damme EJ, Goldstein IJ. Xanthosoma sagittifolium tubers contain a lectin with two different types of carbohydrate-binding sites. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:33300-5. [PMID: 10559206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual lectin possessing two distinctly different types of carbohydrate-combining sites was purified from tubers of Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. by consecutive passage through two affinity columns, i.e. asialofetuin-Sepharose and invertase-Sepharose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and gel filtration chromatography of the purified lectin showed that the X. sagittifolium lectin is a heterotetrameric protein composed of four 12-kDa subunits (alpha(2)beta(2)) linked by noncovalent bonds. The results obtained by quantitative precipitation and hapten inhibition assays revealed that the lectin has two different types of carbohydrate-combining sites: one type for oligomannoses, which preferentially binds to a cluster of nonreducing terminal alpha1,3-linked mannosyl residues, and the other type for complex N-linked carbohydrates, which best accommodates a non-sialylated, triantennary oligosaccharide with N-acetyllactosamine (i.e. Galbeta1,4GlcNAc-) or lacto-N-biose (i.e. Galbeta1,3GlcNAc-) groups at its three nonreducing termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606, USA
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27
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Oda Y, Kinoshita M, Nakayama K, Ikeda S, Kakehi K. Flow injection analysis of binding reaction between fluorescent lectin and cells. Anal Biochem 1999; 269:230-5. [PMID: 10221994 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1999.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fluorometric binding assay for lectin and yeast cells using the avidin-biotin system was previously reported (Y. Oda, M. Kinoshita, and K. Kakehi, Anal. Biochem. 254, 41-48, 1997). However, the true amount of bound lectin could not be determined by this method due to difficulty in determination of the number of bound biotin molecules. In the present study, we have developed a method for assaying the binding reaction between fluorescent lectin and cells using a flow injection technique, which allows estimation of the amount of lectin bound to cells. An aliquot of the cell suspension was directly analyzed by injection into a flow injection system after the binding between the fluorescently labeled lectin and cells. The labeled lectins showed good linearity, at least over a range of 20-1000 ng as the injected amount. The intrinsic fluorescence of the labeled lectins did not change upon the binding. The binding reaction of the hydroxycoumarin-labeled lectins with yeast cells was rapid and reached an equilibrium state within 10 min. Scatchard analysis showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells contained approximately 1. 3-1.6 x 10(8) binding sites per cell for Concanavalin A, Lycoris radiata agglutinin, and Tulipa gesneriana lectin with affinity constants of 3.2-4.7 x 10(6) M-1. The present method was applied to the study of binding between lectins and bacteria and mouse spleen cells. The assay method described here is highly sensitive and will be an alternative to assays using lectins labeled with radioisotopes. The procedure is quite simple and can be completed within 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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28
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Bertrand O, Cochet S, Cartron JP. Expanded bed chromatography for one-step purification of mannose binding lectin from tulip bulbs using mannose immobilized on DEAE Streamline. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oda Y, Kinoshita M, Kakehi K. Fluorometric assay of binding specificity of plant lectins to yeast cells by biotin-avidin system and its application to the classification of yeast cells. Anal Biochem 1997; 254:41-8. [PMID: 9398344 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A fluorometric assay of lectin binding to yeast cells is reported. The relative amount of biotinylated lectins bound to the yeast cells was estimated by enzyme activity using 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside as a substrate for the lectin-bound beta-galactosidase through biotin-avidin interaction. Binding properties of 4 mannose-specific and 3 glucose/mannose-specific lectins to 22 different species of yeast cells were studied. The binding reaction of biotinylated lectins to the yeast cells was rapid and became constant within 10 min. Each lectin showed its characteristic binding specificity to each yeast species. The relative fluorescent intensities observed for 4-methylumbelliferone released by the action of bound beta-galactosidase were good indicators for the classification of yeast cells in quantitative base. We found that the yeast cells of the Saccharomyces genus can be classified into three groups, and those of Pichia were grouped into two groups. The present method can examine many samples simultaneously and be completed within 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Oda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-osaka, 577, Japan.
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30
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Misaki A, Kakuta M, Meah Y, Goldstein IJ. Purification and characterization of the alpha-1,3-mannosylmannose-recognizing lectin of Crocus vernus bulbs. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:25455-61. [PMID: 9325257 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.41.25455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique mannose-binding lectin, highly specific for terminal Man(alpha1,3)Man groups, was isolated from bulbs of crocus (Crocus vernus All.). The lectin failed to bind to a mannose affinity column and was purified by simple gel permeation chromatography (Sephacryl S200). The purified lectin, obtained in crystalline form, had a molecular mass of 44 kDa on gel filtration and showed a single peptide band with a molecular mass of 11 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating it to be a tetrameric protein composed of four identical subunits. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the crocus lectin showed essentially no homology with that of other mannose-binding bulb lectins. The crocus lectin selectively interacted with the wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other mannans carrying terminal Man(alpha1,3)Man but not with those lacking this disaccharide unit. In hapten inhibition studies, methyl alpha-mannopyranoside did not inhibit the mannan-lectin interaction. Of various alpha-mannooligosaccharides, those having the Man(alpha1,3)Man sequence showed the highest inhibitory potency, confirming the strict requirement of lectin for terminal alpha1,3-linked mannosylmannose units. An affinity column of immobilized lectin enabled the complete resolution of yeast mannan and glycogen. The immobilized lectin may provide a useful tool for purification and analysis of biologically important polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Misaki
- Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higasinada, Kobe 658, Japan
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31
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Van Damme EJ, Barre A, Rougé P, Van Leuven F, Balzarini J, Peumans WJ. Molecular cloning of the lectin and a lectin-related protein from common Solomon's seal (Polygonatum multiflorum). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 31:657-672. [PMID: 8790297 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The most prominent protein of Polygonatum multiflorum (common Solomon's seal) rhizomes has been identified as a mannose-binding lectin. Analysis of the purified lectin demonstrated that it is a tetramer of four identical subunits of 14 kDa. Molecular cloning further revealed that the lectin from this typical Liliaceae species belongs to the superfamily of monocot mannose-binding proteins. Screening of cDNA libraries constructed with RNA isolated from buds, leaves and flowers of P. multiflorum also yielded cDNA clones encoding a protein, which contains two tandemly arranged domains with an obvious sequence homology to the mannose-binding lectins. Molecular modelling of the Polygonatum lectin and lectin-related protein indicated that the three-dimensional structure of both proteins strongly resembles that of the snowdrop lectin. In addition, this approach suggested that the presumed carbohydrate-binding sites of the lectin can accommodate a mannose residue whereas most of the carbohydrate-binding sites of the lectin-related protein cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Damme
- Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Van Damme EJ, Briké F, Winter HC, Van Leuven F, Goldstein IJ, Peumans WJ. Molecular cloning of two different mannose-binding lectins from tulip bulbs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 236:419-27. [PMID: 8612611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two lectins were isolated from the bulbs of Tulipa cv. Apeldoorn and their corresponding cDNA clones analyzed. The first, called TxLMII (second mannose-binding Tulipa hybrid lectin), is a novel mannose-binding tulip lectin. Based on its molecular structure, carbohydrate-binding specificity and amino acid sequence, TxLMII belongs to the superfamily of mannose-binding monocot lectins which are also found in representatives of the plant families Amaryllidaceae, Alliaceae, Orchidaceae and Araceae. Molecular cloning of the second lectin, called TxLCI (first Tulipa hybrid lectin with complex specificity), allowed determination unambiguously of the molecular structure of this previously described protein. In addition, evidence is presented that each TxLCI subunit possesses a mannose-binding site and an N-acetylgalactosamine-binding site, which act independently of each other. Both binding sites are located in a separate domain of the lectin polypeptide. Since the first domain of TxLCI shows sequence similarity to TxLMII, it is suggested that their genes evolved from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Damme
- Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Van Damme EJ, Smeets K, Engelborghs I, Aelbers H, Balzarini J, Pusztai A, van Leuven F, Goldstein IJ, Peumans WJ. Cloning and characterization of the lectin cDNA clones from onion, shallot and leek. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 23:365-376. [PMID: 8106012 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the lectins from onion (Allium cepa), shallot (A. ascalonicum) and leek (A. porrum) has shown that these lectins differ from previously isolated Alliaceae lectins not only in their molecular structure but also in their ability to inhibit retrovirus infection of target cells. cDNA libraries constructed from poly(A)-rich RNA isolated from young shoots of onion, shallot and leek were screened for lectin cDNA clones using colony hybridization. Sequence analysis of the lectin cDNA clones from these three species revealed a high degree of sequence similarity both at the nucleotide and at the amino acid level. Apparently the onion, shallot and leek lectins are translated from mRNAs of ca. 800 nucleotides. The primary translation products are preproproteins (ca. 19 kDa) which are converted into the mature lectin polypeptides (12.5-13 kDa) after post-translational modifications. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA has shown that the lectins are most probably encoded by a family of closely related genes which is in good agreement with the sequence heterogeneity found between different lectin cDNA clones of one species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Damme
- Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Kaku H, Van Damme EJ, Peumans WJ, Goldstein IJ. Carbohydrate-binding specificity of the daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybr.) bulb lectins. Arch Biochem Biophys 1990; 279:298-304. [PMID: 2350177 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90495-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate binding specificity of the daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus; NPA) and amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybr.; HHA) lectins, isolated from extracts of their bulbs by affinity chromatography on immobilized mannose, was studied by quantitative precipitation, sugar hapten inhibition, and affinity chromatography on the immobilized lectins. These lectins gave strong precipitation reactions with several yeast mannans, but did not precipitate with alpha-D-glucans (e.g., dextrans and glycogen). Interestingly, both lectins reacted strongly with yeast galactomannans having multiple nonreducing terminal alpha-D-galactosyl groups, a synthetic linear alpha-1,6-mannan, and an alpha-1,3-mannan (DP = 30). Treatment of the linear alpha-1,3-mannan with periodate, resulting in oxidation of the terminal, nonreducing mannosyl group, did not reduce its reactivity with NPA or HHA. Taken together, these observations suggest that NPA and HHA react not only with terminal but also with internal alpha-D-mannosyl residues. Sugar hapten inhibition studies showed these lectins to possess the greatest specific activity for alpha-D-mannosyl units whereas D-Glc and D-GlcNAc did not inhibit either lectin precipitation system. Of the oligosaccharides tested, the best inhibitor of NPA interaction was alpha-1,6-linked mannotriose, which was twice as good an inhibitor as Man alpha 1,6Man alpha-O-Me and 10 times better than methyl alpha-D-mannoside. On the other hand, oligosaccharides containing either 1,3- or 1,6-linked mannosyl units were good inhibitors of the HHA-mannan precipitation system (6- to 20-fold more active than D-Man). These results indicate that both lectins appear to possess an extended binding site(s) complementary to at least three 1,6-linked alpha-mannosyl units. Various glycosylasparagine glycopeptides which contain alpha-1,6-Man units were retarded on the immobilized NPA column. On the other hand, those containing either alpha-1,3- or alpha-1,6-mannosyl residues were retarded on the immobilized HHA column; Man5-GlcNAc2-Asn [containing two Man alpha 1,3(Man alpha 1,6) units] bound to the HHA column. On the contrary, glycopeptides with hybrid type glycan chains were not retarded on either column. These two new lectins which differ in their fine sugar binding specificity from each other, and also from the snowdrop lectin, should prove to be useful probes for the detection and preliminary characterization of glycoconjugates on cell surfaces and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaku
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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Shibuya N, Berry JE, Goldstein IJ. One-step purification of murine IgM and human alpha 2-macroglobulin by affinity chromatography on immobilized snowdrop bulb lectin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1988; 267:676-80. [PMID: 2463783 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new mannose-specific plant lectin (GNA) isolated from the snowdrop bulb was immobilized on Sepharose 4B and employed for the purification of certain glycoproteins with high-mannose type glycan chains. Murine IgM bound tightly to this column and was eluted with 0.1 M methyl alpha-D-mannoside whereas bovine and murine IgG were not bound. When a murine hybridoma serum containing IgM monoclonal antibody was applied to this column, highly purified IgM antibody was obtained after elution with methyl alpha-D-mannoside. On the contrary, human IgM was not bound by this column despite reports that it contains high-mannose type glycan chains. alpha 2-Macroglobulin was the sole glycoprotein present in human serum which was bound by the immobilized snowdrop lectin column. It appears that only glycoproteins containing multiple Man(alpha 1,3)Man units are bound to the immobilized lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shibuya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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Oda Y, Minami K, Ichida S, Aonuma S. A new agglutinin from the Tulipa gesneriana bulbs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 165:297-302. [PMID: 3595592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb11441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two agglutinins with different agglutinating activity exist in Tulipa gesneriana bulbs. One is the T. gesneriana lectin which agglutinates yeasts as reported previously [Oda, Y. and Minami, K. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 159, 239-245]. The other agglutinin is a new one which agglutinates animal erythrocytes and was purified from the tulip bulbs using affinity chromatography on thyroglobulin-Sepharose 4B. The agglutinin agglutinated mouse and rat erythrocytes at a minimum concentration of 2 micrograms/ml and 30 micrograms/ml respectively, but did not agglutinate erythrocytes from other animals and yeasts even at a concentration of 1000 micrograms/ml. The agglutinin appeared homogeneous by disc gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 and gel filtration. Its relative molecular mass was determined by gel filtration to be approximately 40,000. It was suggested that the agglutinin was composed of two different subunits of 26 kDa and 14 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Binding of radioiodinated agglutinin to mouse erythrocytes indicated that the presence of a high-affinity site with a dissociation constant of 2.00 X 10(-9) M. In inhibition experiments thyroglobulin glycopeptides were the most potent inhibitors; thyroglobulin was also a potent inhibitor. Orosomucoid and mucin showed weak inhibition. The other glycoproteins, glycopeptides and sugars examined showed no inhibition.
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