1
|
Huster D, Maiti S, Herrmann A. Phospholipid Membranes as Chemically and Functionally Tunable Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312898. [PMID: 38456771 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The sheet-like lipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of all cell membranes. Its building blocks are phospholipids and cholesterol. Their amphiphilic structure spontaneously leads to the formation of a bilayer in aqueous environment. Lipids are not just structural elements. Individual lipid species, the lipid membrane structure, and lipid dynamics influence and regulate membrane protein function. An exciting field is emerging where the membrane-associated material properties of different bilayer systems are used in designing innovative solutions for widespread applications across various fields, such as the food industry, cosmetics, nano- and biomedicine, drug storage and delivery, biotechnology, nano- and biosensors, and computing. Here, the authors summarize what is known about how lipids determine the properties and functions of biological membranes and how this has been or can be translated into innovative applications. Based on recent progress in the understanding of membrane structure, dynamics, and physical properties, a perspective is provided on how membrane-controlled regulation of protein functions can extend current applications and even offer new applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005, India
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, SupraFAB, Altensteinstr. 23a, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amati A, Moning SU, Javor S, Schär S, Deutschmann S, Reymond JL, von Ballmoos C. Overcoming Protein Orientation Mismatch Enables Efficient Nanoscale Light-Driven ATP Production. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1355-1364. [PMID: 38569139 PMCID: PMC11036485 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-producing modules energized by light-driven proton pumps are powerful tools for the bottom-up assembly of artificial cell-like systems. However, the maximum efficiency of such modules is prohibited by the random orientation of the proton pumps during the reconstitution process into lipid-surrounded nanocontainers. Here, we overcome this limitation using a versatile approach to uniformly orient the light-driven proton pump proteorhodopsin (pR) in liposomes. pR is post-translationally either covalently or noncovalently coupled to a membrane-impermeable protein domain guiding orientation during insertion into preformed liposomes. In the second scenario, we developed a novel bifunctional linker, trisNTA-SpyTag, that allows for the reversible connection of any SpyCatcher-containing protein and a HisTag-carrying protein. The desired protein orientations are verified by monitoring vectorial proton pumping and membrane potential generation. In conjunction with ATP synthase, highly efficient ATP production is energized by the inwardly pumping population. In comparison to other light-driven ATP-producing modules, the uniform orientation allows for maximal rates at economical protein concentrations. The presented technology is highly customizable and not limited to light-driven proton pumps but applicable to many membrane proteins and offers a general approach to overcome orientation mismatch during membrane reconstitution, requiring little to no genetic modification of the protein of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Schär
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph von Ballmoos
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albanese P, Mavelli F, Altamura E. Light energy transduction in liposome-based artificial cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1161730. [PMID: 37064236 PMCID: PMC10091278 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we review the latest strategies for the bottom-up assembly of energetically autonomous artificial cells capable of transducing light energy into chemical energy and support internalized metabolic pathways. Such entities are built by taking inspiration from the photosynthetic machineries found in nature which are purified and reconstituted directly in the membrane of artificial compartments or encapsulated in form of organelle-like structures. Specifically, we report and discuss recent examples based on liposome-technology and multi-compartment (nested) architectures pointing out the importance of this matter for the artificial cell synthesis research field and some limitations and perspectives of the bottom-up approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Albanese
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Mavelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabio Mavelli, ; Emiliano Altamura,
| | - Emiliano Altamura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabio Mavelli, ; Emiliano Altamura,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park H, Wang W, Min SH, Ren Y, Shin K, Han X. Artificial organelles for sustainable chemical energy conversion and production in artificial cells: Artificial mitochondrion and chloroplasts. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011311. [PMID: 38510162 PMCID: PMC10903398 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable energy conversion modules are the main challenges for building complex reaction cascades in artificial cells. Recent advances in biotechnology have enabled this sustainable energy supply, especially the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), by mimicking the organelles, which are the core structures for energy conversion in living cells. Three components are mainly shared by the artificial organelles: the membrane compartment separating the inner and outer parts, membrane proteins for proton translocation, and the molecular rotary machine for ATP synthesis. Depending on the initiation factors, they are further categorized into artificial mitochondrion and artificial chloroplasts, which use chemical nutrients for oxidative phosphorylation and light for photosynthesis, respectively. In this review, we summarize the essential components needed for artificial organelles and then review the recent progress on two different artificial organelles. Recent strategies, purified and identified proteins, and working principles are discussed. With more study on the artificial mitochondrion and artificial chloroplasts, they are expected to be very powerful tools, allowing us to achieve complex cascading reactions in artificial cells, like the ones that happen in real cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, South Korea
| | - Weichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Seo Hyeon Min
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, South Korea
| | - Yongshuo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, South Korea
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mengele AK, Weixler D, Amthor S, Eikmanns BJ, Seibold GM, Rau S. Transforming
Escherichia coli
Proteomembranes into Artificial Chloroplasts Using Molecular Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Dominik Weixler
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sebastian Amthor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Bernhard J. Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Gerd M. Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Section of Synthetic Biology Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Technical University of Denmark Søltoftsplads 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mengele AK, Weixler D, Amthor S, Eikmanns BJ, Seibold GM, Rau S. Transforming Escherichia coli Proteomembranes into Artificial Chloroplasts Using Molecular Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114842. [PMID: 34932847 PMCID: PMC9306768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During the light‐dependent reaction of photosynthesis, green plants couple photoinduced cascades of redox reactions with transmembrane proton translocations to generate reducing equivalents and chemical energy in the form of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), respectively. We mimic these basic processes by combining molecular ruthenium polypyridine‐based photocatalysts and inverted vesicles derived from Escherichia coli. Upon irradiation with visible light, the interplay of photocatalytic nicotinamide reduction and enzymatic membrane‐located respiration leads to the simultaneous formation of two biologically active cofactors, NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and ATP, respectively. This inorganic‐biologic hybrid system thus emulates the cofactor delivering function of an active chloroplast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Klaus Mengele
- Ulm University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, GERMANY
| | - Dominik Weixler
- Ulm University, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, GERMANY
| | - Sebastian Amthor
- Ulm University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, GERMANY
| | - Bernhard Johannes Eikmanns
- Ulm University, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, GERMANY
| | - Gerd Michael Seibold
- Technical University of Denmark, Section of Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Søltoftsplads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, DENMARK
| | - Sven Rau
- University of Ulm, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Materials and Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmad R, Kleineberg C, Nasirimarekani V, Su YJ, Goli Pozveh S, Bae A, Sundmacher K, Bodenschatz E, Guido I, Vidaković-koch T, Gholami A. Light-Powered Reactivation of Flagella and Contraction of Microtubule Networks: Toward Building an Artificial Cell. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1490-1504. [PMID: 33761235 PMCID: PMC8218302 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Artificial systems
capable of self-sustained movement with self-sufficient
energy are of high interest with respect to the development of many
challenging applications, including medical treatments, but also technical
applications. The bottom-up assembly of such systems in the context
of synthetic biology is still a challenging task. In this work, we
demonstrate the biocompatibility and efficiency of an artificial light-driven
energy module and a motility functional unit by integrating light-switchable
photosynthetic vesicles with demembranated flagella. The flagellar
propulsion is coupled to the beating frequency, and dynamic ATP synthesis
in response to illumination allows us to control beating frequency
of flagella in a light-dependent manner. In addition, we verified
the functionality of light-powered synthetic vesicles in in
vitro motility assays by encapsulating microtubules assembled
with force-generating kinesin-1 motors and the energy module to investigate
the dynamics of a contractile filamentous network in cell-like compartments
by optical stimulation. Integration of this photosynthetic system
with various biological building blocks such as cytoskeletal filaments
and molecular motors may contribute to the bottom-up synthesis of
artificial cells that are able to undergo motor-driven morphological
deformations and exhibit directional motion in a light-controllable
fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Ahmad
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christin Kleineberg
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vahid Nasirimarekani
- Microfluidics & BIOMICS Cluster UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Yu-Jung Su
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samira Goli Pozveh
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Universitaetsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Bodenschatz
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Dynamics of Complex Systems, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabella Guido
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-koch
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Azam Gholami
- Max-Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Machtakova M, Han S, Yangazoglu Y, Lieberwirth I, Thérien-Aubin H, Landfester K. Self-sustaining enzyme nanocapsules perform on-site chemical reactions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4051-4059. [PMID: 33592083 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoreactors offer a great platform for the onsite generation of functional products. However, the production of the desired compound is often limited by either the availability of the reagents or their diffusion across the nanoreactor shell. To overcome this issue, we synthesized self-sustaining nanoreactors carrying the required reagents with them. They are composed of active enzymes crosslinked as nanocapsules and the inner core serves as a reservoir for reagents. Upon trigger, the enzymatic shell catalyzes the conversion of the encapsulated payload. This concept was demonstrated by the preparation of nanoreactors loaded with sensing molecules for the detection of glucose in biological media. More importantly, the system introduced here serves as an adaptable platform for biomedical applications, since the nanoreactors display good cellular uptake and high activity within cells. Consequently, they could act as nanofactories for the in situ generation of functional molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machtakova
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shen Han
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yeliz Yangazoglu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu D, Kleineberg C, Vidaković-Koch T, Wegner SV. Multistimuli Sensing Adhesion Unit for the Self-Positioning of Minimal Synthetic Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002440. [PMID: 32776424 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells have the ability to sense different environmental signals and position themselves accordingly in order to support their survival. Introducing analogous capabilities to the bottom-up assembled minimal synthetic cells is an important step for their autonomy. Here, a minimal synthetic cell which combines a multistimuli sensitive adhesion unit with an energy conversion module is reported, such that it can adhere to places that have the right environmental parameters for ATP production. The multistimuli sensitive adhesion unit senses light, pH, oxidative stress, and the presence of metal ions and can regulate the adhesion of synthetic cells to substrates in response to these stimuli following a chemically coded logic. The adhesion unit is composed of the light and redox responsive protein interaction of iLID and Nano and the pH sensitive and metal ion mediated binding of protein His-tags to Ni2+ -NTA complexes. Integration of the adhesion unit with a light to ATP conversion module into one synthetic cell allows it to adhere to places under blue light illumination, non-oxidative conditions, at neutral pH and in the presence of metal ions, which are the right conditions to synthesize ATP. Thus, the multistimuli responsive adhesion unit allows synthetic cells to self-position and execute their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Christin Kleineberg
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, Münster, 48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kleineberg C, Wölfer C, Abbasnia A, Pischel D, Bednarz C, Ivanov I, Heitkamp T, Börsch M, Sundmacher K, Vidaković‐Koch T. Light-Driven ATP Regeneration in Diblock/Grafted Hybrid Vesicles. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2149-2160. [PMID: 32187828 PMCID: PMC7496644 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven ATP regeneration systems combining ATP synthase and bacteriorhodopsin have been proposed as an energy supply in the field of synthetic biology. Energy is required to power biochemical reactions within artificially created reaction compartments like protocells, which are typically based on either lipid or polymer membranes. The insertion of membrane proteins into different hybrid membranes is delicate, and studies comparing these systems with liposomes are needed. Here we present a detailed study of membrane protein functionality in different hybrid compartments made of graft polymer PDMS-g-PEO and diblock copolymer PBd-PEO. Activity of more than 90 % in lipid/polymer-based hybrid vesicles could prove an excellent biocompatibility. A significant enhancement of long-term stability (80 % remaining activity after 42 days) could be demonstrated in polymer/polymer-based hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Kleineberg
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Process Systems EngineeringSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Christian Wölfer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Process Systems EngineeringSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Amirhossein Abbasnia
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Process Systems EngineeringSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Dennis Pischel
- Otto von Guericke UniversityProcess Systems EngineeringUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Claudia Bednarz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Process Systems EngineeringSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Process Systems EngineeringSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Thomas Heitkamp
- Jena University Hospital; Single-Molecule Microscopy GroupNonnenplan 2–407743JenaGermany
| | - Michael Börsch
- Jena University Hospital; Single-Molecule Microscopy GroupNonnenplan 2–407743JenaGermany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Process Systems EngineeringSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke UniversityProcess Systems EngineeringUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Tanja Vidaković‐Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Process Systems EngineeringSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Main (Glyco) Phospholipid (MPL) of Thermoplasma acidophilum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205217. [PMID: 31640225 PMCID: PMC6834173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main phospholipid (MPL) of Thermoplasma acidophilum DSM 1728 was isolated, purified and physico-chemically characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/differential thermal analysis (DTA) for its thermotropic behavior, alone and in mixtures with other lipids, cholesterol, hydrophobic peptides and pore-forming ionophores. Model membranes from MPL were investigated; black lipid membrane, Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer, and liposomes. Laboratory results were compared to computer simulation. MPL forms stable and resistant liposomes with highly proton-impermeable membrane and mixes at certain degree with common bilayer-forming lipids. Monomeric bacteriorhodopsin and ATP synthase from Micrococcus luteus were co-reconstituted and light-driven ATP synthesis measured. This review reports about almost four decades of research on Thermoplasma membrane and its MPL as well as transfer of this research to Thermoplasma species recently isolated from Indonesian volcanoes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Otrin L, Kleineberg C, Caire da Silva L, Landfester K, Ivanov I, Wang M, Bednarz C, Sundmacher K, Vidaković-Koch T. Artificial Organelles for Energy Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800323. [PMID: 32648709 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the critical steps in sustaining life-mimicking processes in synthetic cells is energy, i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration. Previous studies have shown that the simple addition of ATP or ATP regeneration systems, which do not regenerate ATP directly from ADP and Pi , have no or only limited success due to accumulation of ATP hydrolysis products. In general, ATP regeneration can be achieved by converting light or chemical energy into ATP, which may also involve redox transformations of cofactors. The present contribution provides an overview of the existing ATP regeneration strategies and the related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) redox cycling, with a focus on compartmentalized systems. Special attention is being paid to those approaches where so-called artificial organelles are developed. They comprise a semipermeable membrane functionalized by biological or man-made components and employ external energy in the form of light or nutrients in order to generate a transmembrane proton gradient, which is further utilized for ATP synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lado Otrin
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christin Kleineberg
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Minhui Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Bednarz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rupp S. New bioproduction systems: from molecular circuits to novel reactor concepts in cell-free biotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:103-23. [PMID: 23873094 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
: The last decades witnessed a strong growth in several areas of biotechnology, especially in fields related to health, as well as in industrial biotechnology. Advances in molecular engineering now enable biotechnologists to design more efficient pathways in order to convert a larger spectrum of renewable resources into industrially used biofuels and chemicals as well as into new pharmaceuticals and therapeutic proteins. In addition material sciences advanced significantly making it more and more possible to integrate biology and engineering. One of the key questions currently is how to develop new ways of engineering biological systems to cope with the complexity and limitations given by the cell. The options to integrate biology with classical engineering advanced cell free technologies in the recent years significantly. Cell free protein production using cellular extracts is now a well-established universal technology for production of proteins derived from many organisms even at the milligram scale. Among other applications it has the potential to supply the demand for a multitude of enzymes and enzyme variants facilitating in vitro metabolic engineering. This review will briefly address the recent achievements and limitations of cell free conversions. Especially, the requirements for reactor systems in cell free biotechnology, a currently underdeveloped field, are reviewed and some perspectives are given on how material sciences and biotechnology might be able to advance these new developments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rupp
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer IGB, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wendell D, Todd J, Montemagno C. Artificial photosynthesis in ranaspumin-2 based foam. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:3231-6. [PMID: 20205454 DOI: 10.1021/nl100550k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a cell-free artificial photosynthesis platform that couples the requisite enzymes of the Calvin cycle with a nanoscale photophosphorylation system engineered into a foam architecture using the Tungara frog surfactant protein Ranaspumin-2. This unique protein surfactant allowed lipid vesicles and coupled enzyme activity to be concentrated to the microscale Plateau channels of the foam, directing photoderived chemical energy to the singular purpose of carbon fixation and sugar synthesis, with chemical conversion efficiencies approaching 96%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wendell
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schroeder A, Kost J, Barenholz Y. Ultrasound, liposomes, and drug delivery: principles for using ultrasound to control the release of drugs from liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 162:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Pitard B, Richard P, Duñach M, Rigaud JL. ATP synthesis by the F0F1 ATP synthase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 reconstituted into liposomes with bacteriorhodopsin. 2. Relationships between proton motive force and ATP synthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 235:779-88. [PMID: 8654429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.t01-1-00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between the rate of ATP synthesis and light-induced proton flux was investigated in proteoliposomes reconstituted with bacteriorhodopsin and ATP synthase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3. By variation of the actinic light intensity it was found that ATP synthase activity depended in a sigmoidal manner on the amplitude of the transmembrane light-induced pH gradient. Maximal rates of ATP synthesis (up to to 200 nmol ATP x min(-1) x mg protein (-1) were obtained at saturating light intensities under a steady-state pH gradient of about pH 1.25. It was demonstrated that this was the maximal deltapH attainable at 40 degrees C in reconstituted proteoliposomes, due to the feedback inhibition of bacteriorhodopsin by the proton gradient it generates. In the absence of valinomycin, a small but significant transmembrane electrical potential could develop at 40 degrees C, contributing to an increase in the rate of ATP synthesis. The H+/ATP stoichiometry was measured at the static-head (equilibrium) conditions from the ratio of the phosphate potential to the size of the light-induced pH gradient and a value of about four was obtained under the maximal electrochemical proton gradient. Increasing the amount of bacteriorhodopsin in the proteoliposomes at a constant F0F1 concentration led to a large increase in the rate of ATP synthesis whereas the magnitude of delta pH remained the same or, at very high bacteriorhodopsin levels, decreased. Consequently the H+/ATP stoichiometry was found to increase significantly with increasing bacteriorhodopsin content. Reconstitutions with mixtures of native and impaired bacteriorhodopsin (Asp96-->Asn mutated bacteriorhodopsin) further demonstrated that this increase in the coupling efficiency could not be related to protein-protein interactions but rather to bacteriorhodopsin donating H+ to the ATP synthase. Increasing the amount of negatively charged phospholipids in the proteoliposomes also increased the coupling efficiency between bacteriorhodopsin and ATP synthase at a constant transmembrane pH gradient. Similar results were obtained with chloroplast ATP synthase. Furthermore, ATP synthase activities induced by delta pH/delta psi transitions were independent of bacteriorhodopsin or anionic lipid levels. These observations were interpreted as indicating that, in bacteriorhodopsin/ATP synthase, proteoliposomes, a localized pathway for coupling light-driven H+ transport by bacteriorhodopsin to ATP synthesis by F0F1 might exist under specific experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Pitard
- Section de Bioénergétique, DBCM, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pitard B, Richard P, Duñach M, Girault G, Rigaud JL. ATP synthesis by the F0F1 ATP synthase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 reconstituted into liposomes with bacteriorhodopsin. 1. Factors defining the optimal reconstitution of ATP synthases with bacteriorhodopsin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 235:769-78. [PMID: 8654428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Optimal conditions for the reconstitution of bacteriorhodopsin and H+-transporting ATP synthase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 (TF0F1) were determined. Phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic acid liposomes prepared by reverse-phase evaporation were treated with various amounts of Triton X-100, octyl glucoside, octaethylene glycol n-dodecylether, sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate and the incorporation of proteins by these detergents was studied at each step of the solubilization process. After removal of detergent by means of SM-2 Bio-Beads, the light-driven ATP synthase activities of the resulting proteoliposomes were analyzed at 40 degrees C. The nature of the detergent used for reconstitution was important for determining the mechanism of protein insertions. The most efficient reconstitutions were obtained with octyl glucoside or Triton X-100 by insertion of the proteins into detergent-saturated liposomes. The conditions for reconstitutions were further optimized with regard to functional coupling between bacteriorhodopsin and TF0F1. It was demonstrated that one of the main factors limiting the production of efficient reconstituted proteoliposomes was related to activation of the highly stable TFO-F1. Activation was accomplished by total solubilization of phospholipids and proteins in a Triton X-100/octyl glucoside mixture containing 20 mM octyl glucoside, leading to a threefold stimulation of the ATP synthase activity. Final ATP synthase activities depended greatly on the lipid/bacteriorhodopsin and the lipid/TF0F1 ratios as well as on the phospholipid used. In particular, light-driven ATP synthesis depended upon the presence of negatively charged phospholipids. Cholesterol was found to induce a fourfold increase in ATP synthase activity with a concomitant 65% decrease in the Km for ADP, suggesting that sterols can modulate catalytic events mediated by F1. Preparations obtained by this step-by-step reconstitution procedure displayed activities up to 20-fold higher (500-800 nmol ATP x min(-1) x mg TF0F1(-1) in the presence of cholesterol) than the maximal values reported in the literature for light-driven ATP synthesis TF0F1 measured under similar conditions. This study also allowed rationalization of the different parameters involved in reconstitution experiments and the present simple method is shown to be of general use for preparation of efficient proteoliposomes containing bacteriorhodopsin and choloroplast or mitochondrial F0F1-type ATP synthases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Pitard
- Section de Bioénergétique, DBCM, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rigaud JL, Pitard B, Levy D. Reconstitution of membrane proteins into liposomes: application to energy-transducing membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1231:223-46. [PMID: 7578213 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(95)00091-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Rigaud
- Section de Bióenergétique, DBCM, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grüber G, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Nawroth T. ATP synthesis and hydrolysis of the ATP-synthase from Micrococcus luteus regulated by an inhibitor subunit and membrane energization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1186:43-51. [PMID: 8011668 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
After incubation for 70 min in Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), the rate of ATP hydrolysis of free and reconstituted ATP-synthase from Micrococcus luteus multiplied about three times. The apparent increase in activity is due to the reversible dissociation of the delta-subunit. Results of experiments on the temperature dependence of the ATP hydrolysis rate of substrate saturated ATP-synthase exhibited a discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot at 32 +/- 0.5 degrees C for the delta-subunit associated enzyme. Below 32 +/- 0.5 degrees C the activation energy, Ea, was 231.5 +/- 5 kJ mol-1, while above this temperature-level it decreased to 76.4 +/- 3 kJ mol-1. ATP synthesis and hydrolysis of the ATP-synthase, co-reconstituted with monomeric bacteriorhodopsin (Halobacterium halobium), showed a lag of 50 s upon the illumination with green light (505-575 nm). This retardation and the activity depended on the ATP-synthase concentration, being typical of the dissociation of an inhibitor protein. The N-terminal protein sequences of the delta- and epsilon-subunit of the ATP-synthase were identified by automated Edman degradation. Alignment of the amino acid sequence and secondary structure calculations for the delta-subunit did not reveal homology to other known ATP-synthase delta-subunits, but significant equivalence to the epsilon-subunit of E. coli. Sequence analysis of the epsilon-subunit from M. luteus showed homology to equivalent regions in delta-subunits and Oligomycin Sensitivity Conferring Protein (OSCP) of other organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Grüber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Joh. Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deisinger B, Nawroth T, Zwicker K, Matuschka S, John G, Zimmer G, Freisleben HJ. Purification of ATP synthase from beef heart mitochondria (F0F1) and co-reconstitution with monomeric bacteriorhodopsin into liposomes capable of light-driven ATP synthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 218:377-83. [PMID: 8269926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
ATP synthase was isolated from beef heart mitochondria by extraction with N,N-bis-(3-D-gluconamidopropyl)deoxycholamide or by traditional cholate extraction. The enzyme was purified subsequently by ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatographies in the presence of glycerol and the protease inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate. The ATP synthase consisted of 12-14 subunits and contained three tightly bound nucleotides. The co-reconstitution of crude or purified ATP synthase with monomeric bacteriorhodopsin by the method of detergent incubation of liposomes yielded proteoliposomes capable of light-driven ATP synthesis, as detected with a luciferase system for at least 30 min. The reaction was suppressed by the inhibitors oligomycin (> 90%) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (85%) and by the uncoupler carbonylcyanide-p-trifluormethoxyphenylhydrazone (> 95%). The purified ATP synthase was apparently free of cytochrome impurities and of adenylate kinase activity, i.e. the enzyme exhibited light-driven ATP synthesis without the dark reaction. For the first time, this is demonstrated with purified ATP synthase from beef heart mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Deisinger
- Gustav-Embden-Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wach A, Dencher NA, Gräber P. Co-reconstitution of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase from yeast and bacteriorhodopsin into liposomes. ATP hydrolysis as a function of external and internal pH. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 214:563-8. [PMID: 8513805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The H(+)-ATPase from the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated and purified. The enzyme was reconstituted with bacteriorhodopsin into asolectin liposomes by detergent dialysis at a molar ratio of 1 H(+)-ATPase to 50 bacteriorhodopsins. The overall orientation of the proteins is such that proton pumping to the vesicle interior occurs upon illumination and after addition of ATP. All liposomes which contain H(+)-ATPase also contain bacteriorhodopsin. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was measured as function of pH in the dark and during illumination of the proteoliposomes. The pH dependency can be described by the protonation of a monovalent group from the outside with an apparent pK of 7.3 and the deprotonation of a monovalent group at the inside with an apparent pK of 3.7. Inside and outside refer to the orientation of the H(+)-ATPase in the liposomes which is opposite to that occurring in vivo. It is concluded that the first step in the reaction cycle is the binding of a proton from the cytosol which is followed by ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis on the enzyme and the release of ADP and phosphate, and finally the proton is released from the enzyme into the external medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wach
- Biologisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
111 Bioluminescence analysis and numerical evaluation of ATP-synthesis by native and reconstituted membranes containing bacterial ATP-synthase. Anal Bioanal Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00332105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Nawroth T. 110 Membrane labeling by colored lipid-analogues and photoaffinity labeling of membrane proteins by colored hydrophobic azido-probes. Anal Bioanal Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00332104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
Slooten L, Vandenbranden S. ATP-synthesis by proteoliposomes incorporating Rhodospirillum rubrum F0F1 as measured with firefly luciferase: dependence on delta psi and delta pH. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 976:150-60. [PMID: 2528991 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP-synthesis catalyzed by proteoliposomes incorporating Rhodospirillum rubrum F0F1 was driven by artificially applied electrochemical proton gradients. The time-course of ATP-synthesis was followed continuously by means of firefly luciferase. Correction methods were developed which allow one to calculate the initial rate of ATP-synthesis from the observed luminescence kinetics. The following results were obtained: (1) ATP-synthesis occurred above a threshold delta mu H+ of 90 mV; this threshold is not imposed by the activation requirement of the enzyme; (2) delta psi and delta pH appear to be equivalent as driving forces for ATP-synthesis if allowance is made for the effect of the electrical capacitance of the liposome membrane on the distribution of K+ at equilibrium; and (3) the highest rate observed so far is 200 mol ATP per mol F0F1 per s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Slooten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biophysics, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Slooten L, Vandenbranden S. Isolation of the proton-translocating F0F1-ATPase from Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores, and its functional reconstitution into proteoliposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Reconstitution of cyclic electron transport and photophosphorylation by incorporation of the reaction center, cytochrome bc1 complex and ATP synthase from Rhodobacter capsulatus into ubiquinone-10/phospholipid vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Pump and displacement currents of reconstituted ATP synthase on black lipid membranes. J Membr Biol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01870929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|