1
|
Cao S, Ivanov T, Heuer J, Ferguson CTJ, Landfester K, Caire da Silva L. Dipeptide coacervates as artificial membraneless organelles for bioorthogonal catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:39. [PMID: 38169470 PMCID: PMC10761997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial organelles can manipulate cellular functions and introduce non-biological processes into cells. Coacervate droplets have emerged as a close analog of membraneless cellular organelles. Their biomimetic properties, such as molecular crowding and selective partitioning, make them promising components for designing cell-like materials. However, their use as artificial organelles has been limited by their complex molecular structure, limited control over internal microenvironment properties, and inherent colloidal instability. Here we report the design of dipeptide coacervates that exhibit enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and a hydrophobic microenvironment. The hydrophobic character facilitates the encapsulation of hydrophobic species, including transition metal-based catalysts, enhancing their efficiency in aqueous environments. Dipeptide coacervates carrying a metal-based catalyst are incorporated as active artificial organelles in cells and trigger an internal non-biological chemical reaction. The development of coacervates with a hydrophobic microenvironment opens an alternative avenue in the field of biomimetic materials with applications in catalysis and synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Heuer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Calum T J Ferguson
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ivanov T, Cao S, Bohra N, de Souza Melchiors M, Caire da Silva L, Landfester K. Polymeric Microreactors with pH-Controlled Spatial Localization of Cascade Reactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:50755-50764. [PMID: 37903081 PMCID: PMC10636718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and polymer vesicles provide versatile means of creating systems that mimic the architecture of cells. However, these constructs cannot mimic the adaptive compartmentalization observed in cells, where the assembly and disassembly of subcompartments are dynamically modulated by environmental cues. Here, we describe a fully polymeric microreactor with a coacervate-in-vesicle architecture that exhibits an adaptive response to pH. The system was fabricated by microfluidic generation of semipermeable biomimetic polymer vesicles within 1 min using oleyl alcohol as the oil phase. The polymersomes allowed for the diffusion of protons and substrates acting as external signals. Using this method, we were able to construct adaptive microreactors containing internal polyelectrolyte-based catalytic organelles capable of sequestering and localizing enzymes and reaction products in a dynamic process driven by an external stimulus. This approach provides a platform for the rapid and efficient construction of robust adaptive microreactors that can be used in catalysis, biosensing, and cell mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry
of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Department of Physical Chemistry
of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nitin Bohra
- Department of Physical Chemistry
of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina de Souza Melchiors
- Department of Physical Chemistry
of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Physical Chemistry
of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Department of Physical Chemistry
of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gonçalves JP, Promlok D, Ivanov T, Tao S, Rheinberger T, Jo SM, Yu Y, Graf R, Wagner M, Crespy D, Wurm FR, Caire da Silva L, Jiang S, Landfester K. Confining the Sol-Gel Reaction at the Water/Oil Interface: Creating Compartmentalized Enzymatic Nano-Organelles for Artificial Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216966. [PMID: 36517933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms compartmentalize their catalytic reactions in membranes for increased efficiency and selectivity. To mimic the organelles of eukaryotic cells, we develop a mild approach for in situ encapsulating enzymes in aqueous-core silica nanocapsules. In order to confine the sol-gel reaction at the water/oil interface of miniemulsion, we introduce an aminosilane to the silica precursors, which serves as both catalyst and an amphiphilic anchor that electrostatically assembles with negatively charged hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes at the interface. The semi-permeable shell protects enzymes from proteolytic attack, and allows the transport of reactants and products. The enzyme-carrying nanocapsules, as synthetic nano-organelles, are able to perform cascade reactions when enveloped in a polymer vesicle, mimicking the hierarchically compartmentalized reactions in eukaryotic cells. This in situ encapsulation approach provides a versatile platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Duangkamol Promlok
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shijia Tao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Timo Rheinberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seong-Min Jo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jobdeedamrong A, Cao S, Harley I, Crespy D, Landfester K, Caire da Silva L. Assembly of biomimetic microreactors using caged-coacervate droplets. Nanoscale 2023; 15:2561-2566. [PMID: 36601867 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervates are liquid-like droplets that can be used to create adaptive cell-like compartments. These compartments offer a versatile platform for the construction of bioreactors inspired by living cells. However, the lack of a membrane significantly reduces the colloidal stability of coacervates in terms of fusion and surface wetting, which limits their suitability as compartments. Here, we describe the formation of caged-coacervates surrounded by a semipermeable shell of silica nanocapsules. We demonstrate that the silica nanocapsules create a protective shell that also regulates the molecular transport of water-soluble compounds as a function of nanocapasule size. The adjustable semipermeability and intrinsic affinity of enzymes for the interior of the caged-coacervates allowed us to assemble biomimetic microreactors with enhanced colloidal stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjaree Jobdeedamrong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Iain Harley
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao S, Ivanov T, de Souza Melchiors M, Landfester K, Caire da Silva L. Controlled Membrane Transport in Polymeric Biomimetic Nanoreactors. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200718. [PMID: 36715701 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polymersome-based biomimetic nanoreactors (PBNs) have generated great interest in nanomedicine and cell mimicry due to their robustness, tuneable chemistry, and broad applicability in biologically relevant fields. In this concept review, we mainly discuss the state of the art in functional polymersomes as biomimetic nanoreactors with membrane-controlled transport. PBNs that use environmental changes or external stimuli to adjust membrane permeability while maintaining structural integrity are highlighted. By encapsulating catalytic species, PBNs are able to convert inactive substrates into functional products in a controlled manner. In addition, special attention is paid to the use of PBNs as tailored artificial organelles with biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo, facilitating the fabrication of next-generation artificial organelles as therapeutic nanocompartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina de Souza Melchiors
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonçalves JP, Promlok D, Ivanov T, Tao S, Rheinberger T, Jo SM, Yu Y, Graf R, Wagner M, Crespy D, Wurm F, Silva LCD, Jiang S, Landfester K. Confining the Sol‐Gel Reaction at the Water/Oil Interface: Creating Compartmentalized Enzymatic Nano‐Organelles for Artificial Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202216966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Duangkamol Promlok
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Shijia Tao
- Ocean University of China School of Medicine and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Timo Rheinberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Seong-Min Jo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Ocean University of China School of Medicine and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules GERMANY
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules GERMANY
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering THAILAND
| | - Frederik Wurm
- University of Twente: Universiteit Twente Department of chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Physical Chemistry of Polymers Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz GERMANY
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Dept. Physical Chemistry of Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Souza Melchiors M, Ivanov T, Harley I, Sayer C, Araújo PHH, Caire da Silva L, Ferguson CTJ, Landfester K. Membrane Manipulation of Giant Unilamellar Polymer Vesicles with a Temperature-Responsive Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207998. [PMID: 35929609 PMCID: PMC9804479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex behavior and dynamics of cellular membranes is integral to gain insight into cellular division and fusion processes. Bottom-up synthetic cells are as a platform for replicating and probing cellular behavior. Giant polymer vesicles are more robust than liposomal counterparts, as well as having a broad range of chemical functionalities. However, the stability of the membrane can prohibit dynamic processes such as membrane phase separation and division. Here, we present a method for manipulating the membrane of giant polymersomes using a temperature responsive polymer. Upon elevation of temperature deformation and phase separation of the membrane was observed. Upon cooling, the membrane relaxed and became homogeneous again, with infrequent division of the synthetic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Souza Melchiors
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany,Department of Chemical Engineering and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa CatarinaP.O. Box 47688040-900Florianópolis-SCBrazil
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Iain Harley
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa CatarinaP.O. Box 47688040-900Florianópolis-SCBrazil
| | - Pedro H. H. Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa CatarinaP.O. Box 47688040-900Florianópolis-SCBrazil
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Calum T. J. Ferguson
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany,School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Souza Melchiors M, Ivanov T, Harley I, Sayer C, Henrique Hermes de Araújo P, Caire da Silva L, Ferguson C, Landfester K. Membrane manipulation of giant unilamellar polymer vesicles with a temperature‐responsive polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Iain Harley
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering BRAZIL
| | | | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Physical Chemistry of Polymers Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz GERMANY
| | - Calum Ferguson
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung Physical Chemistry of Polymers GERMANY
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao S, da Silva LC, Landfester K. Light‐Activated Membrane Transport in Polymeric Cell‐Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoupeng Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang S, Caire da Silva L, Ivanov T, Mottola M, Landfester K. Synthetic Silica Nano‐Organelles for Regulation of Cascade Reactions in Multi‐Compartmentalized Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | | | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Milagro Mottola
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guindani C, Caire da Silva L, Cao S, Ivanov T, Landfester K. Synthetic Cells: From Simple Bio-Inspired Modules to Sophisticated Integrated Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110855. [PMID: 34856047 PMCID: PMC9314110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bottom‐up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry to develop functional and structural building blocks to construct synthetic cell‐like systems. The many strategies and materials that have been developed in recent decades have enabled scientists to engineer synthetic cells and organelles that mimic the essential functions and behaviors of natural cells. Examples include synthetic cells that can synthesize their own ATP using light, maintain metabolic reactions through enzymatic networks, perform gene replication, and even grow and divide. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in the design and construction of synthetic cells and organelles using the bottom‐up approach. Our goal is to present representative synthetic cells of increasing complexity as well as strategies for solving distinct challenges in bottom‐up synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guindani
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, BRAZIL
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, GERMANY
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, GERMANY
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, GERMANY
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang S, Caire da Silva L, Ivanov T, Mottola M, Landfester K. Synthetic Silica Nano-Organelles for Regulation of Cascade Reactions in Multi-Compartmentalized Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113784. [PMID: 34779553 PMCID: PMC9306467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, enzymes are compartmentalized into specific organelles so that different reactions and processes can be performed efficiently and with a high degree of control. In this work, we show that these features can be artificially emulated in robust synthetic organelles constructed using an enzyme co-compartmentalization strategy. We describe an in-situ encapsulation approach that allows enzymes to be loaded into silica nanoreactors in well-defined compositions. The nanoreactors can be combined into integrated systems to produce a desired reaction outcome. We used the selective enzyme co-compartmentalization and nanoreactor integration to regulate competitive cascade reactions and to modulate the kinetics of sequential reactions involving multiple nanoreactors. Furthermore, we show that the nanoreactors can be efficiently loaded into giant polymer vesicles, resulting in multi-compartmentalized microreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, GEORGIA
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, GERMANY
| | - Tsvetomir Ivanov
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, GERMANY
| | - Milagro Mottola
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, GERMANY
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Dept. Physical Chemistry of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Houbrechts M, Caire da Silva L, Ethirajan A, Landfester K. Formation of giant polymer vesicles by simple double emulsification using block copolymers as the sole surfactant. Soft Matter 2021; 17:4942-4948. [PMID: 34008667 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer vesicles that mimic the function of cell membranes can be obtained through the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. The cell-like characteristics of polymer vesicles, such as the core-shell structure, semi-permeability and tunable surface chemistry make them excellent building blocks for artificial cells. However, the standard preparation methods for polymer vesicles can be time consuming, require special equipment, or have low encapsulation efficiency for large components, such as nanomaterials and proteins. Here, we introduce a new encapsulation strategy based on a simple double emulsification (SDE) approach which allows giant polymer vesicles to be formed in a short time and with basic laboratory equipment. The SDE method requires a single low molecular weight block copolymer that has the dual role of macromolecular surfactant and membrane building block. Giant polymer vesicles with diameters between 20-50 μm were produced, which allowed proteins and nanoparticles to be encapsulated. To demonstrate its practical application, we used the SDE method to assemble a simple artificial cell that mimics a two-step enzymatic cascade reaction. The SDE method described here introduces a new tool for simple and rapid fabrication of synthetic compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazarine Houbrechts
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium and IMEC Associated Lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Polymeric vesicles are excellent building blocks of synthetic compartmentalized systems such as protocells and artificial organelles. In such applications, the efficient encapsulation of materials into the vesicles is an essential requirement. However, common encapsulation techniques can be time-consuming, demand special equipment or have limited efficiency for large components, such as proteins and nanoparticles. Here, we describe a simple method to create cargo-filled polymer vesicles based on bursting and reassembly of giant double emulsion droplets (DED). Due to their large average diameter of 2 mm, DEDs eventually burst in the aqueous medium, producing polymeric film fragments. These fragments rapidly reassemble into smaller vesicles in a process involving folding, fusion and vesiculation. The daughter vesicles have an average diameter of 10 μm, representing a two-order of magnitude size reduction compared to the original DED, and can efficiently encapsulate components present in solution by entrapment of the aqueous medium during vesicle reassembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma BC, Caire da Silva L, Jo S, Wurm FR, Bannwarth MB, Zhang KAI, Sundmacher K, Landfester K. Front Cover: Polymer‐Based Module for NAD
+
Regeneration with Visible Light (ChemBioChem 20/2019). Chembiochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C. Ma
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Seong‐Min Jo
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Markus B. Bannwarth
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Process Systems EngineeringMax Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Sandtorstrasse 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Department of Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma BC, Caire da Silva L, Jo SM, Wurm FR, Bannwarth MB, Zhang KAI, Sundmacher K, Landfester K. Polymer-Based Module for NAD + Regeneration with Visible Light. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2593-2596. [PMID: 30883002 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of enzymatic cofactors by cell-free synthetic modules is a key step towards producing a purely synthetic cell. Herein, we demonstrate the regeneration of the enzyme cofactor NAD+ by photo-oxidation of NADH under visible-light irradiation by using metal-free conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Encapsulation of the light-active nanoparticles in the lumen of polymeric vesicles produced a fully organic module able to regenerate NAD+ in an enzyme-free system. The polymer compartment conferred physical and chemical autonomy to the module, allowing the regeneration of NAD+ to occur efficiently, even in harsh chemical environments. Moreover, we show that regeneration of NAD+ by the photocatalyst nanoparticles can oxidize a model substrate, in conjunction with the enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase. To ensure the longevity of the enzyme, we immobilized it within a protective silica matrix; this yielded enzymatic silica nanoparticles with enhanced long-term performance and compatibility with the NAD+ -regeneration system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C Ma
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seong-Min Jo
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus B Bannwarth
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai A I Zhang
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caire da Silva L, Rideau E, Landfester K. Self‐Assembly of Giant Polymer Vesicles by Light‐Assisted Solid Hydration. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900027. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emeline Rideau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55126 Mainz Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Otrin L, Kleineberg C, Caire da Silva L, Landfester K, Ivanov I, Wang M, Bednarz C, Sundmacher K, Vidaković-Koch T. Artificial Organelles for Energy Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800323. [PMID: 32648709 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the critical steps in sustaining life-mimicking processes in synthetic cells is energy, i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration. Previous studies have shown that the simple addition of ATP or ATP regeneration systems, which do not regenerate ATP directly from ADP and Pi , have no or only limited success due to accumulation of ATP hydrolysis products. In general, ATP regeneration can be achieved by converting light or chemical energy into ATP, which may also involve redox transformations of cofactors. The present contribution provides an overview of the existing ATP regeneration strategies and the related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) redox cycling, with a focus on compartmentalized systems. Special attention is being paid to those approaches where so-called artificial organelles are developed. They comprise a semipermeable membrane functionalized by biological or man-made components and employ external energy in the form of light or nutrients in order to generate a transmembrane proton gradient, which is further utilized for ATP synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lado Otrin
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christin Kleineberg
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Minhui Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Bednarz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vidaković-Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ivanov I, Lira RB, Tang TYD, Franzmann T, Klosin A, da Silva LC, Hyman A, Landfester K, Lipowsky R, Sundmacher K, Dimova R. Directed Growth of Biomimetic Microcompartments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800314. [PMID: 32648704 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary biological cells are sophisticated and highly compartmentalized. Compartmentalization is an essential principle of prebiotic life as well as a key feature in bottom-up synthetic biology research. In this review, the dynamic growth of compartments as an essential prerequisite for enabling self-reproduction as a fundamental life process is discussed. The micrometer-sized compartments are focused on due to their cellular dimensions. Two types of compartments are considered, membraneless droplets and membrane-bound microcompartments. Growth mechanisms of aqueous droplets such as protein (condensates) or macromolecule-rich droplets (aqueous two phase systems) and coacervates are discussed, for which growth occurs via Ostwald ripening or coalescence. For membrane-bound compartments, vesicles are considered, which are composed of fatty acids, lipids, or polymers, where directed growth can occur via fusion or uptake of material from the surrounding. The development of novel approaches for growth of biomimetic microcompartments can eventually be utilized to construct new synthetic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Process Systems Engineering, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - T-Y Dora Tang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Titus Franzmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Klosin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Process Systems Engineering, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang L, Caire da Silva L, Thérien-Aubin H, Bannwarth MB, Landfester K. A Reversible Proton Generator with On/Off Thermoswitch. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800713. [PMID: 30536529 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A reversible polymer photoacid with a thermal on/off switch at physiological temperature able to trigger a large pH modulation of its environment is prepared. Light is used to control the acidity of the solution. Additionally, the temperature could be used to modulate the photoacid efficiency, practically turning on and off the ability of the polymer to produce protons. The behavior of this thermoresponsive photoacid copolymer is the result of the combined action of the temperature-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide and of a reversible photoacid monomer based on a spiropyran derivative. The acidification of the aqueous medium is activated by irradiation at λ = 460 nm. The reverse reaction is achieved by removing the light stimuli or by exposing the solution to UV-light. Increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of the copolymer deactivates the photoacid and irradiation at λ = 460 nm does not lead to the generation of protons or to any detectable change in the pH value of the solution. Hence, the addition of N-isopropylacrylamide as a comonomer acts as a thermal on/off switch for the photoacid and the coupling of temperature-and light-responsiveness in the polyphotoacids yields a "thermophotoacid".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg, 10, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li H, Caire da Silva L, Schulz MD, Rojas G, Wagener KB. Cover Image, Volume 66, Issue 1. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 326011-7200 USA
| | | | - Michael D Schulz
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories for Chemical Synthesis; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Giovanni Rojas
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 326011-7200 USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Icesi Cali Colombia
| | - Kenneth B Wagener
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 326011-7200 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 326011‐7200 USA
| | | | - Michael D Schulz
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories for Chemical Synthesis California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Giovanni Rojas
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 326011‐7200 USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Icesi Cali Colombia
| | - Kenneth B Wagener
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 326011‐7200 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
da Silva LC, Wagener KB. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 7/2016. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201670021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caire da Silva
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
da Silva LC, Bowers CR, Graf R, Wagener KB. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 6/2016. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201670023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611-7200 USA
| | - Clifford R. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611-7200 USA
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611-7200 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
da Silva LC, Wagener KB. Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Precision Poly(
p
‐cyclohexylene alkylene)s via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polycondensation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caire da Silva
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611‐7200 USA
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611‐7200 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
da Silva LC, Bowers CR, Graf R, Wagener KB. Molecular Motion of the Junction Points in Model Networks Prepared by Acyclic Triene Metathesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:527-31. [PMID: 26787457 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The junction dynamics in a selectively deuterated model polymer network containing junctions on every 21st chain carbon is studied by solid state (2) H echo NMR. Polymer networks are prepared via acyclic triene metathesis of deuteron-labeled symmetric trienes with deuteron probes precisely placed at the alpha carbon relative to the junction point. The effect of decreasing the cross-link density on the junction dynamics is studied by introduction of polybutadiene chains in-between junctions. The networks are characterized by swelling, gel content, and solid state (1) H MAS NMR. Line shape analysis of the (2) H quadrupolar echo spectra reveals that the degree of motion anisotropy and the distribution of motion correlation times depend on the cross-link density and structural heterogeneity of the polymer networks. A detailed model of the junction dynamics at different temperatures is proposed and explained in terms of the intermolecular cooperativity in densely-packed systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caire da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Clifford R Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Kenneth B Wagener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sauty NF, da Silva LC, Gallagher C, Graf R, Wagener KB. Correction: Unveiling the hyperbolic thermal behaviour of poly(p-phenylene alkylene)s. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py90201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Unveiling the hyperbolic thermal behaviour of poly(p-phenylene alkylene)s’ by Nicolas F. Sauty et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 6073–6082.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F. Sauty
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Caitlyn Gallagher
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caire da Silva
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Clifford R. Bowers
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
A series of poly(p-phenylene alkylene)s with methylene run lengths ranging from 8 to 40 were obtained by ADMET polymerization of symmetrical α,ω-diene monomers and subsequent exhaustive hydrogenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F. Sauty
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Caitlyn Gallagher
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas F. Sauty
- a George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Hong Li
- a George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- a George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- a George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|