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Kasioumi P, Vrazeli P, Vezyraki P, Zerikiotis S, Katsouras C, Damalas A, Angelidis C. Hsp70 (HSP70A1A) downregulation enhances the metastatic ability of cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:821-832. [PMID: 30569142 PMCID: PMC6365026 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70; also known as HSP70A1A) is one of the most induced proteins in cancer cells; however, its role in cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we proposed a hypothetical model in which the silencing of Hsp70 enhanced the metastatic properties of the HeLa, A549 and MCF7 cancer cell lines. We consider that the inability of cells to form cadherin-catenin complexes in the absence of Hsp70 stimulates their detachment from neighboring cells, which is the first step of anoikis and metastasis. Under these conditions, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway is activated that causes cancer cells to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, which is known to possess a higher ability for migration. Therefore, we herein provide evidence of the dual role of Hsp70 which, according to international literature, first establishes a cancerous environment and then, as suggested by our team, regulates the steps of the metastatic process, including EMT and migration. Finally, the trigger for the anti-metastatic properties that are acquired by cancer cells in the absence of Hsp70 appears to be the destruction of the Hsp70-dependent heterocomplexes of E-cadherin/catenins, which function like an anchor between neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Kasioumi
- Department of General Biology, Michaelideion Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Vrazeli
- Department of General Biology, Michaelideion Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Michaelideion Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stelios Zerikiotis
- Department of Physiology, Michaelideion Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos Katsouras
- Department of Cardiology, Michaelideion Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexander Damalas
- Biotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charalampos Angelidis
- Department of General Biology, Michaelideion Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Markopoulos G, Noutsopoulos D, Mantziou S, Vartholomatos G, Monokrousos N, Angelidis C, Tzavaras T. Arsenic induces VL30 retrotransposition: the involvement of oxidative stress and heat-shock protein 70. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:312-22. [PMID: 23708403 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental contaminant with known cytotoxic and carcinogenic properties, but the cellular mechanisms of its action are not fully known. As retrotransposition consists a potent mutagenic factor affecting genome stability, we investigated the effect of arsenic on retrotransposition of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged nonautonomous long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposon viral-like 30 (VL30) in a mouse NIH3T3 cell culture-retrotransposition assay. Flow cytometry analysis of assay cells treated with 2.5-20μM sodium arsenite revealed induction of retrotransposition events in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was further confirmed as genomic integrations by PCR analysis and appearance of EGFP-positive cells by UV microscopy. Specifically, 20μM sodium arsenite strongly induced the VL30 retrotransposition frequency, which was ~90,000-fold higher than the natural one and also VL30 RNA expression was ~6.6-fold. Inhibition of the activity of endogenous reverse transcriptases by efavirenz at 15μM or nevirapine at 375μM suppressed the arsenite-induced VL30 retrotransposition by 71.16 or 79.88%, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine reduced the level of arsenite-induced retrotransposition, which correlated with the rescue of arsenite-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell toxicity. Treatment of assay cells ectopically overexpressing the human heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) with 15μM sodium arsenite resulted in an additional ~4.5-fold induction of retrotransposition compared with normal assay cells, whereas treatment with 20μM produced a massive cell death. Our results show for the first time that arsenic both as an oxidative and heat-shock mimicking agent is a potent inducer of VL30 retrotransposition in mouse cells. The impact of arsenic-induced retrotransposition, as a cellular response, on contribution to or explanation of the arsenic-associated toxicity and carcinogenicity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Markopoulos
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Pockley AG, Calderwood SK, Santoro MG. Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Viral Infection. PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2009; 4. [PMCID: PMC7121897 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2976-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing and less known aspects of the interaction between viruses and their host is the impact of the viral infection on the heat shock response (HSR). While both a positive and a negative role of different heat shock proteins (HSP) in the control of virus replication has been hypothesized, HSP function during the virus replication cycle is still not well understood. This chapter describes different aspects of the interactions between viruses and heat shock proteins during infection of mammalian cells: the first part focuses on the modulation of the heat shock response by human viral pathogens; the second describes the interactions of HSP and other chaperones with viral components, and their function during different steps of the virus replication cycle; the last part summarizes our knowledge on the effect of hyperthermia and HSR modulators on virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Graham Pockley
- School of Medicine & Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX United Kingdom
| | - Stuart K. Calderwood
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Burlington Avenue 21-27, Boston, 02215 U.S.A
| | - M. Gabriella Santoro
- Dipto. Biologia, Università di Roma, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, 00133 Italy
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Kotoglou P, Kalaitzakis A, Vezyraki P, Tzavaras T, Michalis LK, Dantzer F, Jung JU, Angelidis C. Hsp70 translocates to the nuclei and nucleoli, binds to XRCC1 and PARP-1, and protects HeLa cells from single-strand DNA breaks. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:391-406. [PMID: 19089598 PMCID: PMC2728274 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, there has been uncertainty concerning the reason for Hsp70 translocation to the nucleus and nucleolus. Herein, we propose that Hsp70 translocates to the nucleus and nucleoli in order to participate in pathways related to the protection of the nucleoplasmic DNA or ribosomal DNA from single-strand breaks. The absence of Hsp70 in HeLa cells, via Hsp70 gene silencing (knockdown), indicated the essential role of Hsp70 in DNA integrity. Therefore, HeLa Hsp70 depleted cells were very sensitive in heat treatment and their DNA breaks were multiple compared to that of control HeLa cells. The molecular mechanism with which Hsp70 performs its role at the level of nucleus and nucleolus during stress was examined. Hsp70 co-localizes with PARP1 in the nucleus/nucleoli as was observed in confocal studies and binds to the BCRT domain of PARP1 as was revealed with protein-protein interaction assays. It was also found that Hsp70 binds simultaneously to XRCC1 and PARP-1, indicating that Hsp70 function takes place at the level of DNA repair and possibly at the base excision repair system. Making a hypothetical model, we have suggested that Hsp70 is the molecule that binds and interrelates with PARP1 creating the repair proteins simultaneously, such as XRCC1, at the single-strand DNA breaks. Our data partially clarify a previously unrecognized cellular response to heat stress. Finally, we can speculate that Hsp70 plays a role in the quality and integrity of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polychronis Kotoglou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Alexandros Kalaitzakis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Theodore Tzavaras
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Lampros K. Michalis
- Michaileidion Cardiac Center, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Francoise Dantzer
- Integrite du Genome, Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7175, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Tumor Virology Division, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102 USA
| | - Charalampos Angelidis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
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López T, López S, Arias CF. Heat shock enhances the susceptibility of BHK cells to rotavirus infection through the facilitation of entry and post-entry virus replication steps. Virus Res 2006; 121:74-83. [PMID: 16737757 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is known to induce several cellular stress proteins, although their possible involvement in the replication cycle of the virus has not been studied. In addition, the heat shock cognate protein hsc70 has been shown to function as a post-attachment receptor during virus entry. In this work we have studied the effect of heat shock on the susceptibility of cells to rotavirus infection. BHK cells, which are largely refractory to the virus, became about 100-fold more susceptible when heat-treated, while the rotavirus highly susceptible MA104 cells did not significantly modified their susceptibility upon heat stress, suggesting that heat shock induces factors that are rate-limiting the replication of rotaviruses in BHK but not in MA104 cells. The heat treatment was shown to facilitate the rotavirus infection of BHK cells at the penetration and post-penetration levels, and each of these stages seems to contribute comparably to the overall observed 100-fold increase in infectivity. Since the binding of the virus to the cell surface was not affected, the caloric stress probably facilitates the penetration and/or uncoating of the virus. The pathway of virus entry into heat-shocked BHK cells seems to be similar to that used in MA104 cells, since treatments that affect MA104 cell infection also affected rotavirus infectivity in heat-treated BHK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
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6
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Zhang H, Zheng CY, Li J, Gu CJ, Wang CX, Liu YW. Microcalorimetric Study of Energy Metabolism of HSV-2 and FMDV Infection Processes. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Jiang SJ, Lin TM, Shi GY, Eng HL, Chen HY, Wu HL. Inhibition of bovine herpesvirus-4 replication by arsenite through downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. J Biomed Sci 2005; 11:500-10. [PMID: 15153785 DOI: 10.1007/bf02256099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of bovine arterial endothelial (BAE) cells with bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) induced biphasic activation of one of the cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) downstream targets, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). ERK activity reached a maximum within 0.5 h postinfection (h.p.i.), and had declined and returned to basal levels by 2 h.p.i. However, at 18- 24 h.p.i., a second phase of increased ERK activation occurred. Treatment of BHV-4-infected BAE cells with either U0126, a potent inhibitor of MAPK/ERK kinase, or arsenite dose-dependently blocked ERK activation and inhibited viral DNA synthesis and viral replication in the culture. Further detailed investigations revealed that transcription of viral immediate-early gene 2 (IE-2), which is required for viral DNA replication, was significantly suppressed by both U0126 and arsenite. These results imply that ERK activation may play a pivotal role in herpesvirus replication, and that inhibition of ERK activation can effectively inhibit viral IE protein synthesis and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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8
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Jiang SJ, Lin TM, Shi GY, Eng HL, Chen HY, Wu HL. Inhibition of bovine herpesvirus-4 replication in endothelial cells by arsenite. Antiviral Res 2004; 63:167-75. [PMID: 15451184 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of arsenite pretreatment on bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) replication in bovine arterial endothelial (BAE) cells was studied. BHV-4 infectivity, including IE-2 expression, DNA replication and viral yield, were significantly reduced at nontoxic concentrations of arsenite in which cellular DNA synthesis or cell viability of BAE cells were not affected under resting and confluent conditions. This effect was accompanied by the induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and an interrupted cell cycle (causing cell cultures to accumulate at the S and G2/M phases). Actinomycin D inhibited the induction of HSP70 and reduced arsenite antiviral activity. In conclusion, cellular stress response induced by arsenite in BAE cells inhibited replication of BHV-4, and probably resulted from the induction of HSP70 and interference of cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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9
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Bozidis P, Lazaridis I, Pagoulatos GN, Angelidis CE. Mydj2 as a potent partner of hsc70 in mammalian cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:1553-60. [PMID: 11874471 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dj2 is a member of the DnaJ family of proteins, which regulate the chaperoning function of the hsp70s. We isolated a monkey cDNA dj2 clone corresponding to the large mRNA species encoded by the gene. This mRNA differs from the small mRNA produced by the same gene in that it contains a long 3' untranslated region. Both messages were found to be equally stable and to produce the same protein, which is susceptible to farnesylation. Studies in mouse tissues and various cell lines revealed that these messages and their products are differentially expressed. Surprisingly, we found that only the nonfarnesylated form of dj2 is capable of translocating to the cell nucleus, especially after heat shock. Finally, based on protein interaction studies, our results indicate that dj2 is a specific partner for hsc70 and not for hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Bozidis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
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10
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Khandjian EW, Rose TM. Disruption of LT-antigen/p53 complex by heat treatment correlates with inhibition of DNA synthesis during transforming infection with SV40. Biochem Cell Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/o00-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming infection of Go/G1-arrested primary mouse kidney cell cultures with simian virus 40 (SV40) induces cells to re-enter the S-phase of the cell cycle. In Go-arrested cells, no p53 is detected, whereas in cells induced to proliferate by infection, a gradual accumulation of p53 complexed to SV40 large T-antigen is observed in the nucleus. Heat treatment of actively proliferating SV40-infected cells leads to inhibition of DNA synthesis and growth arrest. To determine the fate of p53 after heat treatment, proliferating infected cells were exposed to mild heat (42.5°C) for increasing lengths of time. The results presented here show that after ninety minutes of treatment, the arrest of DNA synthesis by heat correlates with the disruption of the p53/LT-antigen complex. Longer treatments induce, in addition, a reduction in the solubility of p53, which was recovered tightly associated with the nuclear fraction. This contrasted with large T-antigen, whose solubility remained unaffected by heat treatment. Although the total amount of p53 in the nucleus remained constant, as shown by immunoblot analyses, p53 was no longer detectable after immunoprecipitation or by immunofluorescent staining techniques. These results suggest that heat treatment had either induced conformational changes in its antigenic sites, or had sequestered the sites through aggregation or binding to insoluble nuclear components.Key words: p53, heat shock, LT-antigen/p53 complex, S-phase.
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11
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Angelidis CE, Lazaridis I, Pagoulatos GN. Aggregation of hsp70 and hsc70 in vivo is distinct and temperature-dependent and their chaperone function is directly related to non-aggregated forms. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 259:505-12. [PMID: 9914533 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We used non-denaturing gradient analysis of cell extracts before and after heat treatment of the cells and showed that hsp70 and hsc70 aggregate in vivo in a temperature-dependent fashion. Their aggregation profiles were found to be clearly distinguishable and sensitive to ATP depletion. Pore exclusion limit electrophoresis showed that these two proteins are mainly found in autoaggregated forms including dimers, trimers and oligomers. The addition of denatured luciferase to the cell extracts reversed the aggregation of both proteins towards their non-aggregated forms. Immunoprecipitation and Western-blot analysis showed that the non-aggregated form is the only one bound to denatured luciferase. Our results suggest that aggregated hsp70 and hsc70 represent predominantly self-associated molecules unable to exert chaperone activity. The cochaperone hsp40 was also found to be aggregated and, on addition of denatured luciferase, its aggregation was reversed to a non-aggregated state. Immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that hsp40 forms a complex with the non-aggregated form of hsc70 and denatured luciferase. These results confirm previous in vitro studies and support the suggestion that in vivo cytosolic hsp70 and hsc70 exist mainly in an oligomer-monomer equilibrium which is dependent on the environmental temperature, the levels of ATP and the presence of denatured proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Angelidis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Tzavaras T, Kalogera C, Eftaxia S, Saragosti S, Pagoulatos GN. Clone-specific high-frequency retrotransposition of a recombinant virus containing a VL30 promoter in SV40-transformed NIH3T3 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1442:186-98. [PMID: 9804952 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant virus, containing the promoter of a VL30 LTR and tagged with the neomycin gene as a selection and indicator marker, was constructed to investigate transposition events in NIH3T3 cells after SV40 transformation. This retroviral construct was transfected into psi/CRE packaging cells, and pseudovirions were used to infect NIH3T3 cells. Clones resistant to G418 bearing single-copy integrations of the recombinant virus were isolated and transformed by SV40 virus. Transpositions were detected through RFLPs with a neomycin probe and 'retrotransposition' was further confirmed by inverse PCR and DNA sequencing of transposed and parental copies. We found that: (1) retrotransposition of this recombinant virus occurred with a high frequency in a parental clone transformed with SV40 virus suggesting that the frequency of retrotransposition depended on the initial site of provirus integration; (2) the transposition frequency was independent of the transcription level of the recombinant construct; and (3) analysis of transposition-positive transformants showed that the high transposition frequency appeared to be associated with the induction of endogenous reverse transcriptases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tzavaras
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, GR 45 110 Ioannina, Greece
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13
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Abstract
The relationship between viruses and the cellular stress response is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon which depends on the structural and genetic characteristics of the virus, on the type of infection, as well as on the environmental conditions. It is now well documented that infection of mammalian cells by several types of RNA and DNA viruses often results in alterations of the cellular stress response. Interactions between stress proteins and viral components have been described in a large variety of experimental models at different stages of the viral life cycle, depending on the type of virus and host cell. The presence of heat shock proteins in intact virions has also been described. On the other hand, induction of HSP expression by hyperthermia or other agents results in alterations of the virus replication cycle during acute or persistent infections of mammalian cells, and a possible role of heat shock proteins in the beneficial effect of fever and local hyperthermia during acute infection has been hypothesized. This chapter describes the different aspects of the interaction between viruses and the stress response, and discusses the possible role of stress proteins in the control of virus replication and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Santoro
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy
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14
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Sainis I, Angelidis C, Pagoulatos G, Lazaridis I. The hsc70 gene which is slightly induced by heat is the main virus inducible member of the hsp70 gene family. FEBS Lett 1994; 355:282-6. [PMID: 7988690 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have found that SV40 infection of CV1 cells induces the synthesis of a 72 kDa protein that upon molecular cloning was shown to be the product of the hsc70 gene. The above gene product was found to be mainly virus inducible, in contrast to the hsp70 gene product which was mainly heat inducible. The two genes were found to be cell cycle regulated in a distinctively different manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sainis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
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15
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Santoro MG. Heat shock proteins and virus replication: hsp70s as mediators of the antiviral effects of prostaglandins. EXPERIENTIA 1994; 50:1039-47. [PMID: 7988663 DOI: 10.1007/bf01923459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute infection of mammalian cells with several types of RNA and DNA viruses often results in induction of heat-shock gene expression. The presence of hsp70 in intact virions, as well as the transient association of HSP with viral proteins and assembly intermediates during virus replication, has also been reported in several experimental models. Moreover, a possible role of heat shock proteins in the beneficial effect of fever and local hyperthermia during acute virus infection has been hypothesized. However, the role of HSP in virus replication remains to be defined. At the beginning of the 1980s, the use of virus models to investigate the molecular events that follow the exposure of mammalian cells to prostaglandins led to the serendipitous discovery that specific arachidonic acid derivatives are potent inhibitors of virus replication. This finding was rapidly followed by the observation that treatment of virus-infected cells with the antiviral prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) resulted in the accumulation of a 70 KDa cellular protein, which was identified as hsp70. It is now well established that cyclopentenone prostaglandins, which exert potent antiviral activity in several DNA and RNA virus models, induce hsp70 synthesis through cycloheximide-sensitive activation of heat shock transcription factor. This chapter discusses the role of heat shock proteins in the control of virus replication and summarizes the results of our recent work, which indicate that hsp70 is actively involved in the antiviral activity of prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Santoro
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy
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16
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Angelidis CE, Lazaridis I, Pagoulatos GN. Constitutive expression of heat-shock protein 70 in mammalian cells confers thermoresistance. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 199:35-9. [PMID: 1712300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 70-kDa heat-shock-protein (hsp 70) expression vector which contains the human hsp 70 gene linked to the human beta-actin promoter, was constructed and used to transfect CV1 monkey cells. Stably transfected CV1 clones were isolated which constitutively synthesized increased amounts of hsp70 at normal temperature. It is shown that these clones are resistant to elevated temperature. This finding indicates that hsp70 is involved in the protection of the cells against a lethal heat treatment and maybe responsible for the phenomenon of thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Angelidis
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Ioannina, Medical School, Greece
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17
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Flamigni F, Marmiroli S, Caldarera CM, Guarnieri C. Effect of sodium arsenite on the induction and turnover of ornithine decarboxylase activity in erythroleukemia cells. Cell Biochem Funct 1989; 7:213-7. [PMID: 2791215 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.290070310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sodium arsenite proved effective in preventing the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity elicited by dilution of Friend erythroleukemia cells in fresh medium. A 50 per cent inhibition was produced at approximately 1 microM arsenite and complete inhibition was obtained at concentrations above 10 microM. However, addition of arsenite 5 h after cell dilution, i.e. when ODC was already induced, appeared to stabilize the enzyme. The half-life of ODC activity, measured after cycloheximide treatment, increased almost six-fold after addition of sodium arsenite. Agents known to provoke oxidative alteration of the thiol-redox status in cells, also caused a similar effect on the induction and stability of ODC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Università di Bologna, Italy
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