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Ohno RI, Ichimaru K, Tanaka S, Sugawa H, Katsuta N, Sakake S, Tominaga YK, Ban I, Shirakawa JI, Yamaguchi Y, Ito E, Taniguchi N, Nagai R. Glucoselysine is derived from fructose and accumulates in the eye lens of diabetic rats. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17326-17338. [PMID: 31594865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia generates advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In the present study, we developed a polyclonal antibody against fructose-modified proteins (Fru-P antibody) and identified its epitope as glucoselysine (GL) by NMR and LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)- quadrupole TOF (QTOF) analyses and evaluated its potential role in diabetes sequelae. Although the molecular weight of GL was identical to that of fructoselysine (FL), GL was distinguishable from FL because GL was resistant to acid hydrolysis, which converted all of the FLs to furosine. We also detected GL in vitro when reduced BSA was incubated with fructose for 1 day. However, when we incubated reduced BSA with glucose, galactose, or mannose for 14 days, we did not detect GL, suggesting that GL is dominantly generated from fructose. LC-ESI-MS/MS experiments with synthesized [13C6]GL indicated that the GL levels in the rat eye lens time-dependently increase after streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We observed a 31.3-fold increase in GL 8 weeks after the induction compared with nondiabetic rats, and Nϵ-(carboxymethyl)lysine and furosine increased by 1.7- and 21.5-fold, respectively, under the same condition. In contrast, sorbitol in the lens levelled off at 2 weeks after diabetes induction. We conclude that GL may be a useful biological marker to monitor and elucidate the mechanism of protein degeneration during progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei-Ichi Ohno
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichimaru
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Seitaro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Nana Katsuta
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Shiori Sakake
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Yu-Ki Tominaga
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Ikuho Ban
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuoku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan .,Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan.,Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Kumamoto, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0970, Japan
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Rhinesmith T, Turkette T, Root-Bernstein R. Rapid Non-Enzymatic Glycation of the Insulin Receptor under Hyperglycemic Conditions Inhibits Insulin Binding In Vitro: Implications for Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122602. [PMID: 29207492 PMCID: PMC5751205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of insulin resistance are not well-understood in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Insulin (INS) is known to undergo rapid non-enzymatic covalent conjugation to glucose or other sugars (glycation). Because the insulin receptor (IR) has INS-like regions associated with both glucose and INS binding, we hypothesize that hyperglycemic conditions may rapidly glycate the IR, chronically interfering with INS binding. IR peptides were synthesized spanning IR- associated INS-binding regions. Glycation rates of peptides under hyperglycemic conditions were followed over six days using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. INS conjugated to horse-radish peroxidase was used to determine INS binding to IR peptides in glycated and non-glycated forms. Several IR peptides were glycated up to 14% within days of exposure to 20-60 mM glucose. Rates of IR-peptide glycation were comparable to those of insulin. Glycation of four IR peptides significantly inhibits INS binding to them. Glycation of intact IR also decreases INS binding by about a third, although it was not possible to confirm the glycation sites on the intact IR. Glycation of the IR may therefore provide a mechanism by which INS resistance develops in diabetes. Demonstration of glycation of intact IR in vivo is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Rhinesmith
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, Room 2201, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Thomas Turkette
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, Room 2201, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Robert Root-Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, Room 2201, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Błaszak M, Jankowska E, Kowalik-Jankowska T. Copper(II) complexes of neuropeptide gamma mutant (H4A) products of metal-catalyzed oxidation. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Torosantucci R, Schöneich C, Jiskoot W. Oxidation of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides: Structural and Biological Consequences. Pharm Res 2013; 31:541-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Torosantucci R, Sharov VS, van Beers M, Brinks V, Schöneich C, Jiskoot W. Identification of oxidation sites and covalent cross-links in metal catalyzed oxidized interferon Beta-1a: potential implications for protein aggregation and immunogenicity. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2311-22. [PMID: 23534382 DOI: 10.1021/mp300665u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation via Cu(2+)/ascorbate of recombinant human interferon beta-1a (IFNβ1a) leads to highly immunogenic aggregates, however it is unknown which amino acids are modified and how covalent aggregates are formed. In the present work we mapped oxidized and cross-linked amino acid residues in aggregated IFNβ1a, formed via Cu(2+)/ascorbate catalyzed oxidation. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to confirm extensive aggregation of oxidized IFNβ1a. Circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy indicated substantial loss of secondary and tertiary structure, respectively. Derivatization with 4-(aminomethyl)benzenesulfonic acid was used to demonstrate, by fluorescence in combination with SEC, the presence of tyrosine (Tyr) oxidation products. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of reduced, alkylated, and digested protein was employed to localize chemical degradation products. Oxidation products of methionine, histidine, phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan, and Tyr residues were identified throughout the primary sequence. Covalent cross-links via 1,4- or 1,6-type addition between primary amines and DOCH (2-amino-3-(3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)propanoic acid, an oxidation product of Phe and Tyr) were detected. There was no evidence of disulfide bridge, Schiff base, or dityrosine formation. The chemical cross-links identified in this work are most likely responsible for the formation of covalent aggregates of IFNβ1a induced by oxidation, which have previously been shown to be highly immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Torosantucci
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Błaszak M, Jankowska E, Kowalik-Jankowska T. Acid–Base Properties of the (1-4,18-36) Fragments of Neuropeptide K and their Mono- and Polynuclear Copper(II) Complexes Products of Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:130-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301476p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Błaszak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 18 Sobieskiego, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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Torosantucci R, Mozziconacci O, Sharov V, Schöneich C, Jiskoot W. Chemical modifications in aggregates of recombinant human insulin induced by metal-catalyzed oxidation: covalent cross-linking via michael addition to tyrosine oxidation products. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2276-93. [PMID: 22572797 PMCID: PMC3399080 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the chemical modifications in covalent aggregates of recombinant human insulin induced by metal catalyzed oxidation (MCO). METHODS Insulin was exposed for 3 h at room temperature to the oxidative system copper(II)/ascorbate. Chemical derivatization with 4-(aminomethyl) benzenesulfonic acid (ABS) was performed to detect 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) formation. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to localize the amino acids targeted by oxidation and the cross-links involved in insulin aggregation. Oxidation at different pH and temperature was monitored with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ESI-MS analysis to further investigate the chemical mechanism(s), to estimate the aggregates content and to quantify DOPA in aggregated insulin. RESULTS The results implicate the formation of DOPA and 2-amino-3-(3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl) propanoic acid (DOCH), followed by Michael addition, as responsible for new cross-links resulting in covalent aggregation of insulin during MCO. Michael addition products were detected between DOCH at positions B16, B26, A14, and A19, and free amino groups of the N-terminal amino acids Phe B1 and Gly A1, and side chains of Lys B29, His B5 and His B10. Fragments originating from peptide bond hydrolysis were also detected. CONCLUSION MCO of insulin leads to covalent aggregation through cross-linking via Michael addition to tyrosine oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Torosantucci
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pietruszka M, Jankowska E, Kowalik-Jankowska T, Szewczuk Z, Smużyńska M. Complexation Abilities of Neuropeptide Gamma toward Copper(II) Ions and Products of Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7489-99. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2002942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pietruszka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Smużyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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Hrynets Y, Omana DA, Xu Y, Betti M. Comparative study on the effect of acid- and alkaline-aided extractions on mechanically separated turkey meat (MSTM): Chemical characteristics of recovered proteins. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oxidative modifications in glycated insulin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1985-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Copper, iron, and zinc ions homeostasis and their role in neurodegenerative disorders (metal uptake, transport, distribution and regulation). Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fox JH, Kama JA, Lieberman G, Chopra R, Dorsey K, Chopra V, Volitakis I, Cherny RA, Bush AI, Hersch S. Mechanisms of copper ion mediated Huntington's disease progression. PLoS One 2007; 2:e334. [PMID: 17396163 PMCID: PMC1828629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a dominant polyglutamine expansion within the N-terminus of huntingtin protein and results in oxidative stress, energetic insufficiency and striatal degeneration. Copper and iron are increased in the striata of HD patients, but the role of these metals in HD pathogenesis is unknown. We found, using inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectroscopy, that elevations of copper and iron found in human HD brain are reiterated in the brains of affected HD transgenic mice. Increased brain copper correlated with decreased levels of the copper export protein, amyloid precursor protein. We hypothesized that increased amounts of copper bound to low affinity sites could contribute to pro-oxidant activities and neurodegeneration. We focused on two proteins: huntingtin, because of its centrality to HD, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), because of its documented sensitivity to copper, necessity for normoxic brain energy metabolism and evidence for altered lactate metabolism in HD brain. The first 171 amino acids of wild-type huntingtin, and its glutamine expanded mutant form, interacted with copper, but not iron. N171 reduced Cu2+in vitro in a 1∶1 copper∶protein stoichiometry indicating that this fragment is very redox active. Further, copper promoted and metal chelation inhibited aggregation of cell-free huntingtin. We found decreased LDH activity, but not protein, and increased lactate levels in HD transgenic mouse brain. The LDH inhibitor oxamate resulted in neurodegeneration when delivered intra-striatially to healthy mice, indicating that LDH inhibition is relevant to neurodegeneration in HD. Our findings support a role of pro-oxidant copper-protein interactions in HD progression and offer a novel target for pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Fox
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jibrin A. Kama
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory Lieberman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raman Chopra
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kate Dorsey
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vanita Chopra
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Irene Volitakis
- Oxidation Disorders Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, and Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert A. Cherny
- Oxidation Disorders Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, and Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Oxidation Disorders Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, and Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Hersch
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Kowalik-Jankowska T, Ruta M, Wiśniewska K, Łankiewicz L, Dyba M. Products of Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide of the 1-10, 1-16 fragments of human and mouse beta-amyloid peptide. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 98:940-50. [PMID: 15149800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Revised: 02/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of proteins with reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result in covalent modifications of amino acid residues in proteins, formation of protein-protein cross-linkages, and oxidation of the protein backbone resulting in protein fragmentation. In an attempt to elucidate the products of the metal-catalyzed oxidation of the human (H) and mouse (M) (1-10H), (1-10M), (1-16H) and (1-16M) fragments of beta-amyloid peptide, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) methods and Cu(II)/H(2)O(2) as a model oxidizing system were employed. Peptide solution (0.50 mM) was incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h with metal:peptide:H(2)O(2) molar ratio 1:1:1 for the (1-16H), (1-16M) fragments, and 1:1:2 for the (1-10H), (1-10M) peptides in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Oxidation targets for all peptide studied are the histidine residues coordinated to the metal ions. For the (1-16H) peptide are likely His(13) and/or His(14), and for the (1-16M) fragment His(6) and/or His(14), which are converted to 2-oxo-His. Metal-binding residue, the aspartic acid (D(1)) undergoes the oxidative decarboxylation and deamination to pyruvate. The cleavages of the peptide bonds by either the diamide or alpha-amidation pathways were also observed.
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Hovorka SW, Biesiada H, Williams TD, Hühmer A, Schöneich C. High sensitivity of Zn2+ insulin to metal-catalyzed oxidation: detection of 2-oxo-histidine by tandem mass spectrometry. Pharm Res 2002; 19:530-7. [PMID: 12033391 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015164200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the sensitivity of Zn2+ insulin (Zn2+-INS) to metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) and to use tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectroscopy (MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of 2-oxo-histidine at 5His, and 10His(B) upon the MCO of INS. METHODS Zn2+-INS was exposed to Cu2+/ascorbate-induced MCO. Products were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and MS/MS, sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophotesis (SDS-PAGE), and CD spectroscopy. RESULTS A maximal loss of 40% INS was achieved when 20 microM INS/8.81 microM Zn2+ were exposed to 8 microM Cu2+ and 50 microM ascorbate. MCO was completely inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or native catalase but not with a 1000-fold molar excess of Zn2+ over Cu2+. MCO did not alter the aggregation state of INS. High-performance liquid chromatography-fractionated products contained portions of oxidized and native INS monomers. Oxidation selectively targeted the B chain of INS, where MS/MS sequencing revealed 2-oxo-His formation at both His residues at a relative ratio of 10His(B-ox/5His(B-ox) = 2.8 +/- 1.3 (SD). CONCLUSIONS At a Zn2+/INS molar ratio comparable to that in regular INS preparations, Zn2+-INS was susceptible to MCO. Both His residues of INS were converted partially to 2-oxo-His, with 10His(B) possessing ca. three times greater susceptibility to MCO than 5His(B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W Hovorka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA
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Wilchek M, Miron T. Modification of histidine (B10) is the causative agent for a superactive form of insulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:775-7. [PMID: 11785967 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The site of modification that is responsible for the formation of superactive insulin (ILM) was determined. The insulin derivative was prepared by treatment of insulin-Sepharose with ammonium bicarbonate. It was found that the insulin was bound to the resin through histidine B10, His (B10), and its ammonium bicarbonate-mediated release resulted in an insulin analog in which His (B10) was modified on the imidazole ring. This modification was reversible upon storage, resulting in normal levels of insulin activity. Amino acid analysis of a peptide containing this modified histidine revealed some aspartic acid. Since Asp (B10) insulin is also superactive, the observed superactivity may thus stem from either modification of the histidine or its conversion to aspartic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir Wilchek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Davis DP, Gallo G, Vogen SM, Dul JL, Sciarretta KL, Kumar A, Raffen R, Stevens FJ, Argon Y. Both the environment and somatic mutations govern the aggregation pathway of pathogenic immunoglobulin light chain. J Mol Biol 2001; 313:1021-34. [PMID: 11700059 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain (LC) aggregates in tissues is the hallmark of a class of fatal diseases with no effective treatment. In the most prevalent diseases two different types of LC aggregates are observed: fibrillar deposits in LC amyloidosis (AL) and granular aggregates in LC deposition disease (LCDD). The mechanisms by which a given LC forms either type of aggregate are not understood. Although some LCs are more aggregation-prone than others, this does not appear to be due to specific sequence determinants, but more likely from global properties that can be introduced by multiple somatic mutations. Moreover, a single LC isotype can sometimes form both fibrillar and granular aggregates within the same patient. To better understand how the different aggregation pathways arise, we developed a series of in vitro assays to analyze the formation of distinct aggregate types. The recombinant kappa IV LC (SMA) assembles into fibrils when agitated. We now show that SMA can also form granular aggregates upon exposure to copper, and that this aggregation can occur not only in vitro, but also in cells. A constellation of somatic mutations, consisting of His89/His94/Gln96, is sufficient to confer sensitivity to copper on wild-type kappa IV proteins. The formation of both types of aggregates is inhibited by synthetic peptides derived from the LC variable domain. However, the peptide that inhibits fibrillar aggregation is different from the peptide that inhibits copper-induced aggregation. Thus, distinct molecular surfaces of the LC underly each type of aggregate. We conclude that both the intrinsic properties of the sequence and extrinsic conditions govern the aggregation pathway of a LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Davis
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Gaberc-Porekar V, Menart V. Perspectives of immobilized-metal affinity chromatography. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 49:335-60. [PMID: 11694288 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized Metal-Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) represents a relatively new separation technique that is primarily appropriate for the purification of proteins with natural surface-exposed histidine residues and for recombinant proteins with engineered histidine tags or histidine clusters. Because the method has gained broad popularity in recent years, the main recent developments in the field of new sorbents, techniques and possible applications are discussed in this article. Advantages of the method and new prospects are described as well as the problems and concerns that appear when the method is to be used for production of pharmaceutical-grade proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gaberc-Porekar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Schöneich C. Mechanisms of metal-catalyzed oxidation of histidine to 2-oxo-histidine in peptides and proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 21:1093-7. [PMID: 10708394 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed oxidation of histidine (His) to 2-oxo-histidine (2-oxo-His) represents an important pathway of protein oxidation in vivo and in vitro. In the pharmaceutical literature this pathway has received less attention. However, this fact may not necessarily represent reality as, in some cases, the analysis of His oxidation in proteins may be compromised by aggregation and precipitation of the target protein. For predicting the susceptibility of His residues in proteins it is important to understand in detail how protein sequence and conformation control the mechanisms of His oxidation to 2-oxo-His, reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA.
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Reubsaet JL, Beijnen JH, Bult A, van Maanen RJ, Marchal JA, Underberg WJ. Analytical techniques used to study the degradation of proteins and peptides: chemical instability. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 17:955-78. [PMID: 9884187 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Instability of peptides and proteins can be divided into two forms: chemical and physical instability. Chemical instability is due to modification/alteration of amino acid residues. There are several types of degradation reactions responsible for this instability. Most frequently described reactions are oxidation, reduction, deamidation, hydrolysis, arginine conversion, beta-elimination and racemisation. However, any study of the degradation of a chemical substance lacks reliability when the analytical methodology, that is used is not properly validated. Especially in the investigation, where degradation processes lead to their parent compounds, validation of the analysis is pivotal for the correct interpretation of the results. It is therefore appropriate and useful to assemble an overview of degradation processes in relation to the analytical methods to monitor them. An overview like this can help investigators to make the right choices in their analytical approach of stability problems. The degradation reactions involved in peptide/protein degradation as well as the methods to monitor them are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Reubsaet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Allen G, Campbell RO. Specific cleavage of histidine-containing peptides by copper(II). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1996; 48:265-73. [PMID: 8897094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1996.tb00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Copper(II) cleaves with moderate specificity peptides containing Ser-His or Thr-His sequences, at the N-terminal side of the hydroxyaminoacyl residue. The reaction is slow, and is first-order in peptide: CuII complex, with a half-life of several hours at 62 degrees C in sodium bicarbonate buffer, pH 8. Cleavage of other histidine-containing peptides also occurs, at a rate around 10-100-fold less. EDTA completely quenches the cleavage. The reaction is stoichiometric in CuII and is inhibited by amine-containing buffer components; Tris at 19 mM inhibits cleavage by 50%. The reaction has a complex pH-dependence, being very slow below pH 5, and with rates increasing with pH from pH 7 to pH 9.5. Slower degradative side reactions do occur, with destruction of tyrosine residues, particularly in the presence of high concentrations of chloride ion, but the specific cleavage appears to be a hydrolysis, as determined by amino-acid analysis and mass spectrometry of the products. The cleavage is clearly different from the previously described oxidative degradation of proteins catalysed by copper ions. Cleavage of denatured IgG protein occurs with sufficient specificity to reveal distinct bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Allen
- Core Support Group, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, UK
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