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Saghour N, Chérifi F, Saoud S, Zebbiche Y, Meribai A, Bekkari N, Samya TM, Laraba-Djebari F. Structural, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Mechanism of Cerastokunin: A New Kunitz-Type Peptide with Potential Inhibition of Thrombin, Factor Xa and Platelets. Protein J 2024; 43:888-909. [PMID: 39095592 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The current investigation focused on separating Cerastes cerastes venom to produce the first Kunitz-type peptide. Based on its anti-trypsin effect, Cerastokunin, a 7.75 kDa peptide, was purified until homogenity by three steps of chromatography. Cerastokunin was found to include 67 amino acid residues that were obtained by de novo sequencing using LC-MALDI-MSMS. Upon alignment with Kunitz-type peptides, there was a high degree of similarity. Cerastokunin's 3D structure had 12% α-helices and 21% β-strands with pI 8.48. Cerastokunin showed a potent anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the protease activity of thrombin and trypsin as well as blocking the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. In both PT and aPPT, Cerastokunin increased the blood clotting time in a dose-dependent way. Using Lys48 and Gln192 for direct binding, Cerastokunin inhibited thrombin, Factor Xa and trypsin as shown by molecular docking. Cerastokunin exhibited a dose-response blockade of PARs-dependent pathway platelet once stimulated by thrombin. An increased concentration of Cerastokunin resulted in a larger decrease of tail thrombus in the mice-carrageenan model in an in vivo investigation when compared to the effects of antithrombotic medications. At all Cerastokunin doses up to 6 mg/kg, no in vivo toxicity was seen in challenged mice over the trial's duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noussaiba Saghour
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatah Chérifi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Samah Saoud
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Younes Zebbiche
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amel Meribai
- Food Technology and Human Nutrition Research Laboratory, National Agronomic High School, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadjia Bekkari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Kiouas K, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F. Therapeutic outcome of quercetin nanoparticles on Cerastes cerastes venom-induced hepatorenal toxicity: a preclinical study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:367-390. [PMID: 37125660 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of quercetin (QT) and QT-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (QT-NPs) on Cerastes cerastes venom-mediated inflammation, redox imbalance, hepatorenal tissue damage and local hemorrhage. Methods: The developed QT-NPs were first submitted to physicochemical characterization and then evaluated in the 'challenge then treat' and 'preincubation' models of envenoming. Results: QT-NPs efficiently alleviated hepatorenal toxicity, inflammation and redox imbalance and significantly attenuated venom-induced local hemorrhage. Interestingly, QT-NPs were significantly more efficient than free QT at 24 h post-envenoming, pointing to the efficacy of this drug-delivery system. Conclusion: These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of QT-NPs on venom-induced toxicity and open up the avenue for their use in the management of snakebite envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Kiouas
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
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Khelfi A, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F. Therapeutic Outcome of Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidative Medicines on the Dermonecrotic Activity of Cerastes cerastes Venom. Inflammation 2022; 45:1700-1719. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chérifi F, Laraba-Djebari F. Bioactive Molecules Derived from Snake Venoms with Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Thrombo-Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with COVID-19. Protein J 2021; 40:799-841. [PMID: 34499333 PMCID: PMC8427918 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As expected, several new variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and have been detected around the world throughout this Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there is no specific developed drug against COVID-19 and the challenge of developing effective antiviral strategies based on natural agents with different mechanisms of action becomes an urgent need and requires identification of genetic differences among variants. Such data is used to improve therapeutics to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature is known to offer many biotherapeutics from animal venoms, algae and plant that have been historically used in traditional medicine. Among these bioresources, snake venom displays many bioactivities of interest such as antiviral, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumoral. COVID-19 is a viral respiratory sickness due to SARS-CoV-2 which induces thrombotic disorders due to cytokine storm, platelet hyperactivation and endothelial dysfunction. This review aims to: (1) present an overview on the infection, the developed thrombo-inflammatory responses and mechanisms of induced thrombosis of COVID-19 compared to other similar pathogenesis; (2) underline the role of natural compounds such as anticoagulant, antiplatelet and thrombolytic agents; (3) investigate the management of coagulopathy related to COVID-19 and provide insight on therapeutic such as venom compounds. We also summarize the updated advances on antiviral proteins and peptides derived from snake venoms that could weaken coagulopathy characterizing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatah Chérifi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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Kiheli H, Chérifi F, Ameziani M, Saoud S, Hariti G, Laraba-Djebari F. Isolation and Characterization of CD39-like Phosphodiesterase (Cc-PDE) from Cerastes cerastes Venom: Molecular Inhibitory Mechanism of Antiaggregation and Anticoagulation. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:426-441. [PMID: 32798364 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200813200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerastes cerastes venom contains several bioactive proteins with inhibitory potential of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. OBJECTIVE The current study deals with purification, characterization and determination of structural properties of Cc-PDE, the first phosphodiesterase from Cerastes cerastes venom. MATERIAL AND METHODS The purification process consists of three successive chromatographies including G75-Sephadex size exclusion, DEAE exchange chromatography and affinity using Sildenafil as a main PDEs' specific inhibitor. The amino acid sequence of purified Cc-PDE was determined by liquid chromatography coupled off line to MALDI-TOF/TOF. Modeling and structural features were obtained using several bioinformatics tools. In vivo and in vitro antiplatelet aggregation and anticoagulant assays were performed. RESULTS Cc-PDE (73 506.42 Da) is a 654-residue single polypeptide with 1-22 signal peptide and it is characterized by the presence of predominant basic amino acids suitable to alkaline pI (8.17). Cc-PDE structure is composed of β-strands (17%) and α-helices (24%) and it shares a high identity with homologous snake venom PDEs. Cc-PDE hydrolyzes both Bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Km = 2.60 ± 0.95 mM, Vmax = 0.017 ± 0.002569 μmol.min-1) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Km = 7.13 mM ± 0.04490 mM, Vmax = 0.053 ±0.012 μmol.min-1). Cc-PDE prevents ADP- and ATP-induced platelet aggregation by hydrolyzing ADP and ATP, reducing surface P-selectin expression and attenuating platelet function. In addition, Cc-PDE inhibits coagulation factors involved in the intrinsic pathway demonstrated by a significant prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and in vivo long-lasting anticoagulation. CONCLUSION The obtained results revealed that Cc-PDE may have a therapeutic potential and could be a remedy for thromboembolic diseases as an alternative of anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregation chemical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Kiheli
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatah Chérifi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem Ameziani
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samah Saoud
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ghania Hariti
- Unverisity of Benyoucef Benkheda Algiers 1, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, CHU Bab El-Oued, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Hamzaoui A, Laraba-Djebari F. Development and evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles as a delivery system for snake envenoming prevention. Biologicals 2021; 70:44-52. [PMID: 33563514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based nanoparticles have become an appealing carrier for improving vaccine delivery efficiency. In this study, we investigated an interesting approach based on PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating Cerastes cerastes venom as an intranasal vaccine delivery system for snake envenomation prevention. Particles were synthesized by double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for their size, morphology, distribution, and venom-nanoparticles interactions. An immunization trial was performed in mice by the intranasal route to evaluate the immune response, the reactogenicity, and the protective effect of this nanovaccine. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of Cc-loaded PLGA NPs revealed that the particles exhibited a spherical shape with a diameter of 370 nm, and a negatively charged surface with a zeta potential value of 19,9 mV. The immunization with Cc-PLGA NPs can induce a systemic innate and humoral immune response and confers protection against Cerastes cerastes venom (Cc) over than 6 LD50 with a cross-protection against Vipera lebetina venom (Vl) over than 5 LD50. Nano-encapsulation of Cc venom reduced its toxicity and the induced tissue alterations. Our results confirm that the nano-formulation Cc-PLGA NPs is a potent adjuvant system that improve the humoral immune response and provide protection against high lethal doses of viper venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Hamzaoui
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, 16111, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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Cañas CA, Castaño-Valencia S, Castro-Herrera F, Cañas F, Tobón GJ. Biomedical applications of snake venom: from basic science to autoimmunity and rheumatology. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 4:100076. [PMID: 33385156 PMCID: PMC7772571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms have components with diverse biological actions that are extensively studied to identify elements that may be useful in biomedical sciences. In the field of autoimmunity and rheumatology, various findings useful for the study of diseases and potential drug development have been reported. The study of disintegrins, proteins that block the action of integrins, has been useful for the development of antiplatelet agents and principles for the development of immunosuppressants and antineoplastics. Several proteins in snake venoms act on the coagulation cascade, activating factors that have allowed the development of tests for the study of coagulation, including Russell's viper venom time, which is useful in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurotoxins with either pre- or postsynaptic effects have been used to study neurogenic synapses and neuromuscular plaques and the development of analgesics, muscle relaxants and drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. Various components act by inhibiting cells and proteins of the immune system, which will allow the development of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. This review summarizes the usefulness of the components of snake venoms in the fields of autoimmunity and rheumatology, which can serve as a basis for diverse translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cañas
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Santiago Castaño-Valencia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cañas
- Department of Cardiology, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel J Tobón
- GIRAT: Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología, Autoimunidad y Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Valle Del Lili and Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle Del Lili, Rheumatology Unit, Cra 98 No. 18 - 49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
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Nourreddine FZ, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F. Myotoxicity induced by Cerastes cerastes venom: Beneficial effect of heparin in skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105274. [PMID: 31738878 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Myonecrosis is a relevant tissue damage induced by snakes of Viperidae family often leading to permanent tissue and function loss and even amputation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heparin on skeletal muscle tissue regeneration after Cerastes cerastes envenomation. Mice received either the venom (1 LD50) by i.m. route, or the venom followed, by heparin administration by i.v. route at 15 min and 4 h. Obtained results showed that Cerastes cerastes venom induced deep tissue structure alterations, characterized mainly by edema, hemorrhage, myonecrosis and inflammation. Myotoxicity was correlated with increased CK levels in sera, concomitant with their decrease in muscle tissue homogenates. Muscle wet weight was restored within 2 weeks after heparin treatment and 28 days in the envenomed group. Heparin treatment significantly decreased MPO activity, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. NO, HGF, VEGF and G-CSF levels were increased after heparin administration. These mitogenic factors constitute potent stimuli for satellite and endothelial cells improving, thus, muscle regeneration. This study showed that muscle tissue recovery was significantly enhanced after heparin treatment. Heparin use seems to be a promising therapeutic approach after viper envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Nourreddine
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar,16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar,16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar,16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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Purification and characterization of a thrombin-like enzyme isolated from Vipera lebetina venom: its interaction with platelet receptor. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2019; 31:1-10. [PMID: 31764002 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
: Snake venoms contain various molecules that can be used as tools in the diagnosis and in the treatment of hemostatic disorders. This study reports the isolation and functional characterization of a new thrombin-like enzyme and its role in the modulation of platelet aggregation and coagulation. The molecule was purified by gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography and reverse-phase-HPLC on C8 column; its molecular weight was determined. Natural and synthetic substrates were used to evaluate its enzymatic activities. The fibrinogenolytic activity was tested electrophoretically and by reverse-phase-HPLC on C18 column. Otherwise, the effect on blood coagulation and deficient plasma factors were also evaluated. The mechanism by which a thrombin-like enzyme VLCV (thrombin-like enzyme)-induced platelet aggregation was explored in presence of ticlopidin, clopidogrel and aspirin. VLCV (45 kDa) isolated from Vipera lebetina as a thrombin-like enzyme seems to be able to modulate platelet function. This enzyme showed an amidolytic activity by hydrolyzing the chromogenic-specific substrate of thrombin and the α-chain of fibrinogen. It is also able to clot human plasma and the deficient human plasma in factor X, suggesting that it is involved in the intrinsic and common pathways. The aggregating effect of VLCV is more sensitive to ticlopidine than to the clopidogrel suggesting the involvement of ADP/P2Y12/PI3K pathway. VLCV seems to be able to promote human platelet aggregation suggesting an interaction between P2Y12 and PAR1. Due to its ability to replace the missing factor X and its proaggregating activity, VLCV could be used as molecular tool to better understand the hemostasis mechanism.
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Fatah C, Samah S, Fatima L. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities of two phospholipase A2s purified from
Cerastes cerastes
venom: Structure‐function relationship. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22219. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chérifi Fatah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular BiologyUSTHBBab Ezzouar, Algiers Algeria
| | - Saoud Samah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular BiologyUSTHBBab Ezzouar, Algiers Algeria
| | - Laraba‐Djebari Fatima
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular BiologyUSTHBBab Ezzouar, Algiers Algeria
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Chérifi F, Saoud S, Laraba-Djebari F. Molecular modeling, biochemical characterization, and pharmacological properties of Cc 3 -SPase: A platelet-aggregating thrombin-like enzyme purified from Cerastes cerastes venom. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22165. [PMID: 29979475 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cc3 -SPase (30 kDa-proteinase; pI 5.98) was isolated from Cerastes cerastes venom. Its sequence of 271 residues yielded from LC-MALDI-TOF showed high degrees of homology when aligned with other proteinases. Cc3 -SPase cleaved natural and synthetic proteins such as casein and fibrinogen leaving fibrin clots unaffected. Cc3 -SPase was fully abolished by ion chelators, whereas aprotinin, antithrombin III (Sigma Aldrich, Saint-Louis, Missouri, USA), and heparin were ineffective. Affinity of Cc3 -SPase to benzamidine indicated the presence of an aspartate residue in the catalytic site as confirmed by three-dimensional structure consisting of 14 β-strands and four α-helices. Molecular mechanisms revealed that Cc3 -SPase is capable of promoting dysfunctional platelet aggregation via two signaling pathways mediated by the G-coupled protein receptors and αIIbβ3 integrin. Cc3 -SPase is involved in both extrinsic/intrinsic coagulation pathways in deficient plasmas by replacing defective/lacking factors FII, FVII, and FVIII but not FX. Cc3 -SPase could substitute missing factors in blood diseases related to plasma factor deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatah Chérifi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samah Saoud
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Allane D, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Harrat Z, Seve M, Laraba-Djebari F. Isolation and characterization of an anti-leishmanial disintegrin fromCerastes cerastesvenom. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dihia Allane
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Institut Pasteur d'Algérie; Service d'Eco-Epidémiologie Parasitaire; Dely Ibrahim Algiers 16 047 Algeria
| | - Michel Seve
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie; Promethee Proteomic Platform; Grenoble France
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
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Purification and characterization of Cc-Lec, C-type lactose-binding lectin: A platelet aggregation and blood-clotting inhibitor from Cerastes cerastes venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:336-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Saoud S, Chérifi F, Benhassine T, Laraba-Djebari F. Purification and characterization of a platelet aggregation inhibitor and anticoagulant Cc 5_NTase, CD 73-like, from Cerastes cerastes venom. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31. [PMID: 27925690 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first attempt to report the characterization of a nucleotidase from Cerastes cerastes venom. A 70 kDa 5'-nucleotidase (Cc-5'NTase) was purified to homogeneity. The amino acid sequence of Cc-5'NTase displayed high homology with many nucleotidases. Its activity was optimal at pH 7 with a specific hydrolytic activity toward mono-, di-, and triphosphate adenylated nucleotides. Cc-5'NTase preferentially hydrolyzed ADP and obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Among the metals and inhibitors tested, Ni2+ and Mg2+ completely potentiated enzyme activity, whereas EGTA, PMSF, iodoacetamide, vanillic acid, vanillyl mandelic acid, and 1,10-phenanthroline partially abolished its activity. Cc-5'NTase was not lethal for mice at 5 mg/kg and exhibited in vivo anticoagulant effect. It also dose-dependently inhibited adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation by converting adenosine diphosphate to adenosine and prohibited arachidonic acid-induced aggregation but was not effective on fibrinogen-induced aggregation. Cc-5'NTase could be a good tool as pharmacological molecule in thrombosis diagnostic and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Saoud
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatah Chérifi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Traki Benhassine
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Ami A, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F. Biochemical and biological characterization of a dermonecrotic metalloproteinase isolated fromCerastes cerastessnake venom. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ami
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
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Boumaiza S, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F. Pathophysiological effects of Cerastes cerastes and Vipera lebetina venoms: Immunoneutralization using anti-native and anti-60Co irradiated venoms. Biologicals 2016; 44:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Amel KS, Fatima LD. Purification and Characterization of a New Serine Protease (VLCII) Isolated fromVipera lebetinaVenom: Its Role in Hemostasis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:388-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kadi-Saci Amel
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; BP32 El-Alia Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
| | - Laraba-Djebari Fatima
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; BP32 El-Alia Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria
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Chernyshenko V, Platonova T, Makogonenko Y, Rebriev A, Mikhalovska L, Chernyshenko T, Komisarenko S. Fibrin(ogen)olytic and platelet modulating activity of a novel protease from the Echis multisquamatis snake venom. Biochimie 2014; 105:76-83. [PMID: 25046629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The variety of enzymes including serine proteases that possess fibrin(ogen)olytic and platelet modulating activity have been discovered in different snake venoms. In our work the fibrin(ogen)olytic and platelet modulating activity of a new protease from Echis multisquamatis snake venom was studied. It was shown that purified enzyme cleaved the ВβR42-A43 bond of fibrinogen during first contact with the substrate following much slower hydrolysis of C-terminus of fibrinogen Aα-chain. Protease hydrolysed fibrin clot too, but at much slower rate and cleaved both C-terminus of Aα-chain and ВβR42-A43 bond of Bβ-chain simultaneously. Preincubation of fibrinogen with protease dramatically elongated thrombin clotting time and the clot formed from a mixture of native fibrinogen and fibrinogen desВβ(1-42)2 digested by plasmin much faster than a native fibrin clot. The protease did not activate platelets nor cause changes in their shape and granularity, but it reduced platelets aggregation induced by ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andriy Rebriev
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Ukraine
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Purification and partial characterization of a novel fibrinogenase from the venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus: inhibition of platelet aggregation. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 99:99-105. [PMID: 24755064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel fibrinogenase, DAnase, was purified from the venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus by a combination of anion and cation exchange chromatography. Unlike other fibrinogenases which are usually single polypeptide chain proteins, the enzyme was a disulfide-linked dimer with an isoelectric point of 6.03 and an apparent molecular weight of 25kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. DAnase showed α-fibrinogenase activity devoid of fibrinolytic activity. It hydrolyzed rapidly the Aα-chain of fibrinogen and followed by the Bβ-chain and did not cleave the γ-chain. It also exhibited arginine esterase activity. The fibrinogenolytic and arginine esterase activities were completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride or tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride, but not by EDTA, indicating that DAnase is a serine protease requiring disulfide bridge(s) for its activity. The protease strongly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma but was lack of ADPase activity, indicating that its fibrinogenolytic activity is involved in its inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. DAnase was devoid of hemorrhagic activity and Factor XIII activation activity. DAnase may have a potential clinical application for the therapy of thrombosis disease.
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Isolation, Functional Characterization and Proteomic Identification of CC2-PLA2 from Cerastes cerastes Venom: A Basic Platelet-Aggregation-Inhibiting Factor. Protein J 2014; 33:61-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Hiremath V, Yariswamy M, Nanjaraj Urs A, Joshi V, Suvilesh K, Ramakrishnan C, Nataraju A, Vishwanath B. Differential action of Indian BIG FOUR snake venom toxins on blood coagulation. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2013.856923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Chérifi F, Laraba-Djebari F. Isolated biomolecules of pharmacological interest in hemostasis from Cerastes cerastes venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2013; 19:11. [PMID: 23849477 PMCID: PMC3710202 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-19-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules from Cerastes cerastes venom have been purified and characterized. Two phospholipases isolated from Cerastes cerastes venom share 51% of homology. CC2-PLA2 exhibits antiplatelet activity that blocks coagulation. CCSV-MPase, a non-hemorrhagic Zn2+-metalloproteinase, significantly reduced the plasmatic fibrinogen level and hydrolyzes only its Bβ chain. Serine proteinases such as RP34, afaâcytin and CC3-SPase hydrolyze the fibrinogen and are respectively α, αβ and αβ fibrinogenases. In deficient human plasma, afaâcytin replaces the missing factors VIII and IX, and activates purified human factor X into factor Xa. It releases serotonin from platelets and directly aggregates human (but not rabbit) blood platelets. RP34 proteinase also had no effect on both human and rabbit blood platelet aggregation. CC3-SPase revealed a pro-coagulant activity. However, the insolubility of the obtained clot indicates that CC3-SPase does not activate factor XIII. In addition, CC3-SPase clotting activity was carried out with human plasmas from volunteer patients deficient in clotting factors. Results showed that CC3-SPase shortens clotting time of plasma deficient in factors II and VII but with weaker clotting than normal plasma. The clotting time of plasma deficient in factor II is similar to that obtained with normal plasma; suggesting that CC3-SPase is able to replace both factors IIa and VII in the coagulation cascade and thus could be involved in the blood clotting process via an extrinsic pathway. These results imply that CC3-SPase and afaâcytin could repair hemostatic abnormalities and may replace some factors missing in pathological deficiency. Afaâcytin also exhibits α fibrinase property similar to a plasmin-like proteinase. Despite its thrombin-like characteristics, afaâcytin is not inhibited by plasmatic thrombin inhibitors. The procoagulant properties of afaâcytin might have potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatah Chérifi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumedienne, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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Grape seed extract neutralizes the effects of Cerastes cerastes cerastes post-synaptic neurotoxin in mouse diaphragm. Micron 2013; 44:298-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chérifi F, Rousselle JC, Namane A, Laraba-Djebari F. CCSV-MPase, a Novel Procoagulant Metalloproteinase from Cerastes cerastes Venom: Purification, Biochemical Characterization and Protein Identification. Protein J 2010; 29:466-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Boukhalfa-Abib H, Meksem A, Laraba-Djebari F. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel hemorrhagic metalloproteinase from horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:285-90. [PMID: 19470410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms contain metalloproteinases that contribute to the local effects observed after envenoming. In this study, a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase (CcH1) was purified from Cerastes cerastes venom by a combination of gel filtration, ion exchange, affinity and RP-HPLC chromatography. The hemorrhagin was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE, with a molecular mass of 25 kDa. Isoelectric focusing revealed a pI of 5.5. CcH1 displayed hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities, but no esterolytic activity. The hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities of CcH1 were inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, but not by PMSF, suggesting that this protein is a zinc-metalloproteinase. Furthermore, the hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities of CcH1 were stable in solution at up to 40 degrees C, with a loss of activity at > or =70 degrees C. The molecular mass and the inhibition assays suggest that the metalloproteinase CcH1 belongs to class P-I of SVMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Boukhalfa-Abib
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de Technologie Houari Boumédienne Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
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Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Laraba-Djebari F. IrradiatedCerastes cerastesVenom as a Novel Tool for Immunotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:37-52. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970701812324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Snake venom toxins affecting haemostasis have facilitated extensively the routine assays of haemostatic parameters in the coagulation laboratory. Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLE) are used for fibrinogen/fibrinogen breakdown product assay and for the detection of fibrinogen dysfunction. SVTLE are not inhibited by heparin and can thus can be used for assaying antithrombin III and other haemostatic variables in heparin-containing samples. Snake venoms are a rich source of prothrombin activators and these are utilised in prothrombin assays, for studying dysprothrombinaemias and for preparing meizothrombin and non-enzymic forms of prothrombin. Russell's viper (Daboia russelli) venom (RVV) contains toxins which have been used to assay blood clotting factors V, VII, X, platelet factor 3 and, importantly, lupus anticoagulants (LA). Other prothrombin activators (from the taipan, Australian brown snake and saw-scaled viper) have now been used to assay LA. Protein C and activated protein C resistance can be measured by means of RVV and Protac, a fast acting inhibitor from Southern copperhead snake venom and von Willebrand factor can be studied with botrocetin from Bothrops jararaca venom. The disintegrins, a large family of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing snake venom proteins, show potential for studying platelet glycoprotein receptors, notably, GPIIb/IIIa and Ib. Snake venom toxins affecting haemostasis are also used in the therapeutic setting: Ancrod (from the Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma), in particular, has been used as an anticoagulant to achieve 'therapeutic defibrination'. Other snake venom proteins show promise in the treatment of a range of haemostatic disorders.
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Schneemann M, Cathomas R, Laidlaw ST, El Nahas AM, Theakston RDG, Warrell DA. Life-threatening envenoming by the Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) causing micro-angiopathic haemolysis, coagulopathy and acute renal failure: clinical cases and review. QJM 2004; 97:717-27. [PMID: 15496528 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hch118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desert horned vipers (Cerastes cerastes and C. gasperettii) are the most familiar snakes of the great deserts of North Africa and the Middle East, including the plains of Iraq. They are responsible for many human snake bites. In Western countries, they are popular among exotic-snake keepers. AIM To investigate mechanisms of life-threatening envenoming and treatment. DESIGN Clinical investigation. METHODS Clinical and laboratory studies with measurement of serum venom antigen concentrations by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Two men bitten while handling captive Saharan horned vipers (Cerastes cerastes) in Europe developed extensive local swelling and life-threatening systemic envenoming, characterized by coagulopathy, increased fibrinolysis, thrombocytopenia, micro-angiopathic haemolytic anaemia and acute renal failure. The clinical picture is explicable by the presence in C. cerastes venom of several thrombin-like, Factor-X-activating, platelet-aggregating, haemorrhagic and nephrotoxic components. In one case, prophylactic use of subcutaneous epinephrine may have contributed to intracranial haemorrhage. The roles in treatment of heparin (rejected) and specific antivenom (recommended) are discussed. DISCUSSION Cerastes cerastes is capable of life-threatening envenoming in humans. Optimal treatment of envenoming is by early administration of specific antivenom, and avoidance of ineffective and potentially-dangerous ancillary methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schneemann
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Weisel-Eichler A, Libersat F. Venom effects on monoaminergic systems. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2004; 190:683-90. [PMID: 15160282 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-004-0526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The monoamines, dopamine, epinephrine, histamine, norepinephrine, octopamine, serotonin and tyramine serve many functions in animals. Many different venoms have evolved to manipulate monoaminergic systems via a variety of cellular mechanisms, for both offensive and defensive purposes. One common function of monoamines present in venoms is to produce pain. Some monoamines in venoms cause immobilizing hyperexcitation which precedes venom-induced paralysis or hypokinesia. A common function of venom components that affect monoaminergic systems is to facilitate distribution of other venom components by causing vasodilation at the site of injection or by increasing heart rate. Venoms of some scorpions, spiders, fish and jellyfish contain adrenergic agonists or cause massive release of catecholamines with serious effects on the cardiovascular system, including increased heart rate. Other venom components act as agonists, antagonists or modulators at monoaminergic receptors, or affect release, reuptake or synthesis of monoamines. Most arthropod venoms have insect targets, yet, little attention has been paid to possible effects of these venoms on monoaminergic systems in insects. Further research into this area may reveal novel effects of venom components on monoaminergic systems at the cellular, systems and behavioral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Weisel-Eichler
- Department of Life Sciences and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Abib H, Laraba-Djebari F. Effects of 60Co gamma radiation on toxicity and hemorrhagic, myonecrotic, and edema-forming activities of Cerastes cerastes venom. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81:1125-30. [PMID: 14719031 DOI: 10.1139/y03-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antisera are used as effective antidotes against the local effects of snake bites. To improve antisera production and extend the life of surrogates used to produce antibodies, the chronic effects of venom toxicity must be reduced. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of gamma irradiation to reduce the local effects associated with viperid snake bites by evaluating in NMRI mice the toxicity and edematic, hemorrhagic, and myonecrotic activities of native and irradiated Cerastes cerastes venoms. These results indicated that the toxicity of irradiated venoms (1 and 2 kGy) decreased as compared with that of native venom. The edematic and hemorrhagic activities were also reduced in the detoxified samples, particularly with the 2-kGy radiation dose. Futhermore, the creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity was significantly increased in the serum and decreased in the myocardium after envenomation with native venom, but no significant enzymatic changes were observed in mice envenomated with irradiated venom. Histopathologic evaluation showed that native venom caused severe degenerative changes in the myocardium. In the case of 2-kGy-irradiated venom, no tissue alterations were observed. These results indicate that irradiation of venom with a 2-kGy dose may offer an effective method for reducing the chronic toxic effects of venom in immunized animals.Key words: venom, Cerastes cerastes, gamma radiation, histopathological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Abib
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédienne Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie
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Lifshitz M, Kastel H, Harman-Boehm I. Cerastes cerastes envenomation in an 18 year old female: a case report. Toxicon 2002; 40:1227-229. [PMID: 12165327 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An 18 year old woman was bitten on the second finger of her right hand by a Cerastes cerastes. A literature search revealed very few clinical cases, and most of those were only laboratory and in 'vitro studies'. Local signs included a hemorrhagic wound at the site of the bite with marked swelling of the entire hand. Twelve hours later, the patient developed coagulopathy, which lasted 3 days and required repeated administration of blood products. Treatment was essentially supportive and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 5 days in good condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matitiahu Lifshitz
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 151, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
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Jagadeesha DK, Shashidhara murthy R, Girish KS, Kemparaju K. A non-toxic anticoagulant metalloprotease: purification and characterization from Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) venom. Toxicon 2002; 40:667-75. [PMID: 12175602 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(01)00216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-toxic potent anticoagulant metalloprotease NN-PF(3) has been purified to homogeneity from the Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) venom through a combination of column chromatography and electrophoresis. NN-PF(3) is a single chain protein with a molecular weight of 68 kDa by SDS-PAGE. It hydrolysed casein, gelatin, haemoglobin and bovine fibrinogen, but did not hydrolyse bovine serum albumin or synthetic substrates such as TAME, BAEE and BAPNA. EDTA, EGTA and cyanide inhibited the enzymatic activity while 1,10-phenanthroline, PMSF, leupetin and pepstatin did not show any effect. NN-PF(3) is a metalloprotease containing Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) at a molar ratio of 1:1.2 and 1:0.4, respectively, as revealed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. NN-PF(3) was non-lethal up to an i.p. dose of 15 mg/kg body weight of mice and is devoid of myotoxicity, cytotoxicity and haemorrhagic activity. It is weakly oedematic, but strongly anticoagulant in property and the effect observed was both dose and time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Jagadeesha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasa Gangothri, Mysore -570 006, India
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Siigur E, Samel M, Tõnismägi K, Siigur J. Cross-reactivities of polyclonal antibodies against factor V activating enzyme, a serine proteinase from Vipera lebetina (snake) venom. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 126:377-82. [PMID: 11007179 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to the factor V activating enzyme from Vipera lebetina venom were produced by immunizing a rabbit with chromatographically purified factor V activating enzyme probes. The antibodies cross-reacted with different protein fractions in 23 snake venoms (ten viperid, eight crotalid, and five elapid venoms) as demonstrated by western immunoblotting. In the venom of Vipera russelli the antibodies recognized only one protein band which probably belonged to factor V activating enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Siigur
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
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Lee JW, Seu JH, Rhee IK, Jin I, Kawamura Y, Park W. Purification and characterization of brevinase, a heterogeneous two-chain fibrinolytic enzyme from the venom of Korean snake, Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 260:665-70. [PMID: 10403823 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme, designated as brevinase, was purified from the venom of Korean snake, Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus. Brevinase cleaved both the Aalpha- and Bbeta-chains of fibrinogen but did not affect the gamma-chain. It showed beta-fibrinogenase activity devoid of fibrinogen clotting and caseinolytic activity. The fibrinolytic activity was completely inhibited by PMSF, DFP, Pefabloc, and DTT, indicating brevinase is a serine protease requiring disulfide bridge(s) for its activity. It kept 80% of the initial activity after heating at 100 degrees C for 3 min, showed an equal maximum activity in the pH range from 5.5 to 8.5, and was inactivated by Zn(2+). Brevinase consists of two polypeptide chains of 16.5 and 17 kDa linked by disulfide bridge(s). The N-terminal amino acid sequences of 16.5 and 17 kDa chains showed homology to the N-terminal and the internal (central region) amino acid sequences of single-chain fibrinolytic enzymes in snake venom, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Korea
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Barbouche R, Marrakchi N, Mansuelle P, Krifi M, Fenouillet E, Rochat H, el Ayeb M. Novel anti-platelet aggregation polypeptides from Vipera lebetina venom: isolation and characterization. FEBS Lett 1996; 392:6-10. [PMID: 8769304 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lebetins 1 and Lebetins 2, two polypeptide groups that inhibit platelet aggregation, were isolated from Vipera lebetina venom by gel filtration and reverse phase chromatography. Amino acid sequencing indicated that the first group contains two major polypeptides of 13 and 12 residues; their molecular weight was determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The second was composed of two peptides of 38 and 37 residues, each with one disulfide bond. Sequence analysis revealed neither RGD sequence nor homology with other proteins including known snake or tick polypeptides. Lebetins 1 were Pro and Lys rich peptides and their sequences were identical to the N-terminus of Lebetins 2. Lebetins inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, collagen and PAF-acether. The 50% concentration that inhibited human and rabbit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin was 590 nM and 125 nM for Lebetins 1 and 100 nM and 8 nM for Lebetins 2, respectively. Lebetins 1 and Lebetins 2 also inhibited fibrinogen-induced aggregation of alpha-chymotrypsin-treated platelets as well as in vivo collagen-induced thrombocytopenia in rats with half effective doses of 2 nmol/kg and 4.2 nmol/kg, respectively. Lebetins were not toxic after intravenous injection into mice and rats. These polypeptides form novel platelet inhibitors that could be used to delineate further the mechanisms of platelet aggregation and serve as a model for developing antithrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barbouche
- Laboratoire Venins et Toxines, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia
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