1
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Voegele A, Sadi M, O'Brien DP, Gehan P, Raoux‐Barbot D, Davi M, Hoos S, Brûlé S, Raynal B, Weber P, Mechaly A, Haouz A, Rodriguez N, Vachette P, Durand D, Brier S, Ladant D, Chenal A. A High-Affinity Calmodulin-Binding Site in the CyaA Toxin Translocation Domain is Essential for Invasion of Eukaryotic Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003630. [PMID: 33977052 PMCID: PMC8097335 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and forces involved in the translocation of bacterial toxins into host cells are still a matter of intense research. The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxin from Bordetella pertussis displays a unique intoxication pathway in which its catalytic domain is directly translocated across target cell membranes. The CyaA translocation region contains a segment, P454 (residues 454-484), which exhibits membrane-active properties related to antimicrobial peptides. Herein, the results show that this peptide is able to translocate across membranes and to interact with calmodulin (CaM). Structural and biophysical analyses reveal the key residues of P454 involved in membrane destabilization and calmodulin binding. Mutational analysis demonstrates that these residues play a crucial role in CyaA translocation into target cells. In addition, calmidazolium, a calmodulin inhibitor, efficiently blocks CyaA internalization. It is proposed that after CyaA binding to target cells, the P454 segment destabilizes the plasma membrane, translocates across the lipid bilayer and binds calmodulin. Trapping of CyaA by the CaM:P454 interaction in the cytosol may assist the entry of the N-terminal catalytic domain by converting the stochastic motion of the polypeptide chain through the membrane into an efficient vectorial chain translocation into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Voegele
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
- Université de ParisSorbonne Paris CitéParis75006France
| | - Mirko Sadi
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
- Université de ParisSorbonne Paris CitéParis75006France
| | - Darragh Patrick O'Brien
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Pauline Gehan
- Sorbonne UniversitéÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityCNRSLaboratoire des biomoléculesLBMParis75005France
| | - Dorothée Raoux‐Barbot
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Maryline Davi
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Sylviane Hoos
- Plateforme de Biophysique MoléculaireInstitut PasteurUMR 3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Sébastien Brûlé
- Plateforme de Biophysique MoléculaireInstitut PasteurUMR 3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Plateforme de Biophysique MoléculaireInstitut PasteurUMR 3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Patrick Weber
- Institut PasteurPlate‐forme de cristallographie‐C2RTUMR‐3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Ariel Mechaly
- Institut PasteurPlate‐forme de cristallographie‐C2RTUMR‐3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Institut PasteurPlate‐forme de cristallographie‐C2RTUMR‐3528 CNRSParis75015France
| | - Nicolas Rodriguez
- Sorbonne UniversitéÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityCNRSLaboratoire des biomoléculesLBMParis75005France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Université Paris‐SaclayCEACNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐Yvette91198France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Université Paris‐SaclayCEACNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Gif‐sur‐Yvette91198France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Biological NMR Technological PlateformCenter for Technological Resources and ResearchDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions UnitDepartment of Structural Biology and ChemistryInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR3528Paris75015France
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2
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Voegele A, O'Brien DP, Subrini O, Sapay N, Cannella SE, Enguéné VYN, Hessel A, Karst J, Hourdel V, Perez ACS, Davi M, Veneziano R, Chopineau J, Vachette P, Durand D, Brier S, Ladant D, Chenal A. Translocation and calmodulin-activation of the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5188676. [PMID: 30452651 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is a multi-domain protein secreted by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is involved in the early stages of respiratory tract colonization by Bordetella pertussis. CyaA is produced and acylated in the bacteria, and secreted via a dedicated secretion system. The cell intoxication process involves a unique mechanism of transport of the CyaA toxin catalytic domain (ACD) across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Once translocated, ACD binds to and is activated by calmodulin and produces high amounts of cAMP, subverting the physiology of eukaryotic cells. Here, we review our work on the identification and characterization of a critical region of CyaA, the translocation region, required to deliver ACD into the cytosol of target cells. The translocation region contains a segment that exhibits membrane-active properties, i.e. is able to fold upon membrane interaction and permeabilize lipid bilayers. We proposed that this region is required to locally destabilize the membrane, decreasing the energy required for ACD translocation. To further study the translocation process, we developed a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) design that recapitulate the ACD transport across a membrane separating two hermetic compartments. We showed that ACD translocation is critically dependent on calcium, membrane potential, CyaA acylation and on the presence of calmodulin in the trans compartment. Finally, we describe how calmodulin-binding triggers key conformational changes in ACD, leading to its activation and production of supraphysiological concentrations of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Voegele
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France.,Université Paris Diderot Paris VII, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Darragh P O'Brien
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France.,University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Orso Subrini
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Nicolas Sapay
- Bioaster Technology Research Institute, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sara E Cannella
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France.,University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Yvette Ntsogo Enguéné
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Johanna Karst
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Véronique Hourdel
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Ana Cristina Sotomayor Perez
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Marilyne Davi
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Rémi Veneziano
- ICGM, UMR 5253 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France.,Department of Bioengineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4422, USA
| | - Joel Chopineau
- ICGM, UMR 5253 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Patrice Vachette
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, CEDEX 15, France
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3
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Williams JM, Tsai B. Intracellular trafficking of bacterial toxins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 41:51-6. [PMID: 27084982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins often translocate across a cellular membrane to gain access into the host cytosol, modifying cellular components in order to exert their toxic effects. To accomplish this feat, these toxins traffic to a membrane penetration site where they undergo conformational changes essential to eject the toxin's catalytic subunit into the cytosol. In this brief review, we highlight recent findings that elucidate both the trafficking pathways and membrane translocation mechanisms of toxins that cross the plasma, endosomal, or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. These findings not only illuminate the specific nature of the host-toxin interactions during entry, but should also provide additional therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate the bacterial toxin-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Williams
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Room 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Room 3043, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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4
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Karst JC, Ntsogo Enguéné VY, Cannella SE, Subrini O, Hessel A, Debard S, Ladant D, Chenal A. Calcium, acylation, and molecular confinement favor folding of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase CyaA toxin into a monomeric and cytotoxic form. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30702-30716. [PMID: 25231985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxin, a multidomain protein of 1706 amino acids, is one of the major virulence factors produced by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA is able to invade eukaryotic target cells in which it produces high levels of cAMP, thus altering the cellular physiology. Although CyaA has been extensively studied by various cellular and molecular approaches, the structural and functional states of the toxin remain poorly characterized. Indeed, CyaA is a large protein and exhibits a pronounced hydrophobic character, making it prone to aggregation into multimeric forms. As a result, CyaA has usually been extracted and stored in denaturing conditions. Here, we define the experimental conditions allowing CyaA folding into a monomeric and functional species. We found that CyaA forms mainly multimers when refolded by dialysis, dilution, or buffer exchange. However, a significant fraction of monomeric, folded protein could be obtained by exploiting molecular confinement on size exclusion chromatography. Folding of CyaA into a monomeric form was found to be critically dependent upon the presence of calcium and post-translational acylation of the protein. We further show that the monomeric preparation displayed hemolytic and cytotoxic activities suggesting that the monomer is the genuine, physiologically active form of the toxin. We hypothesize that the structural role of the post-translational acylation in CyaA folding may apply to other RTX toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Karst
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - V Yvette Ntsogo Enguéné
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sara E Cannella
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Orso Subrini
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Audrey Hessel
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sylvain Debard
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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5
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Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin translocation across a tethered lipid bilayer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20473-8. [PMID: 24297899 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312975110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous bacterial toxins can cross biological membranes to reach the cytosol of mammalian cells, where they exert their cytotoxic effects. Our model toxin, the adenylate cyclase (CyaA) from Bordetella pertussis, is able to invade eukaryotic cells by translocating its catalytic domain directly across the plasma membrane of target cells. To characterize its original translocation process, we designed an in vitro assay based on a biomimetic membrane model in which a tethered lipid bilayer (tBLM) is assembled on an amine-gold surface derivatized with calmodulin (CaM). The assembled bilayer forms a continuous and protein-impermeable boundary completely separating the underlying calmodulin (trans side) from the medium above (cis side). The binding of CyaA to the tBLM is monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. CyaA binding to the immobilized CaM, revealed by enzymatic activity, serves as a highly sensitive reporter of toxin translocation across the bilayer. Translocation of the CyaA catalytic domain was found to be strictly dependent on the presence of calcium and also on the application of a negative potential, as shown earlier in eukaryotic cells. Thus, CyaA is able to deliver its catalytic domain across a biological membrane without the need for any eukaryotic components besides CaM. This suggests that the calcium-dependent CyaA translocation may be driven in part by the electrical field across the membrane. This study's in vitro demonstration of toxin translocation across a tBLM provides an opportunity to explore the molecular mechanisms of protein translocation across biological membranes in precisely defined experimental conditions.
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6
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Fiser R, Masín J, Basler M, Krusek J, Spuláková V, Konopásek I, Sebo P. Third activity of Bordetella adenylate cyclase (AC) toxin-hemolysin. Membrane translocation of AC domain polypeptide promotes calcium influx into CD11b+ monocytes independently of the catalytic and hemolytic activities. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2808-20. [PMID: 17148436 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609979200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA) targets phagocytes expressing the alpha(M)beta2 integrin (CD11b/CD18), permeabilizes their membranes by forming small cation-selective pores, and delivers into cells a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase (AC) enzyme that dissipates cytosolic ATP into cAMP. We describe here a third activity of CyaA that yields elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in target cells. The CyaA-mediated [Ca2+]i increase in CD11b+ J774A.1 monocytes was inhibited by extracellular La3+ ions but not by nifedipine, SK&F 96365, flunarizine, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate, or thapsigargin, suggesting that influx of Ca2+ into cells was not because of receptor signaling or opening of conventional calcium channels by cAMP. Compared with intact CyaA, a CyaA-AC- toxoid unable to generate cAMP promoted a faster, albeit transient, elevation of [Ca2+]i. This was not because of cell permeabilization by the CyaA hemolysin pores, because a mutant exhibiting a strongly enhanced pore-forming activity (CyaA-E509K/E516K), but unable to deliver the AC domain into cells, was also unable to elicit a [Ca2+]i increase. Further mutations interfering with AC translocation into cells, such as proline substitutions of glutamate residues 509 or 570 or deletion of the AC domain as such, reduced or ablated the [Ca2+]i-elevating capacity of CyaA. Moreover, structural alterations within the AC domain, because of insertion of various oligopeptides, differently modulated the kinetics and extent of Ca2+ influx elicited by the respective AC- toxoids. Hence, the translocating AC polypeptide itself appears to participate in formation of a novel type of membrane path for calcium ions, contributing to action of CyaA in an unexpected manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Fiser
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 44, Prague 2
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7
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Rhodes CR, Gray MC, Watson JM, Muratore TL, Kim SB, Hewlett EL, Grisham CM. Structural consequences of divalent metal binding by the adenylyl cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 395:169-76. [PMID: 11697853 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis has been shown by several investigators to require Ca(2+) for its actions on target cells, but little is known about the nature and specificity of divalent metal binding to this novel toxin. Calcium is the preferred divalent metal since toxic actions are markedly reduced in the presence of divalent species other than calcium. Mn(2+) EPR was used to quantitate and characterize divalent metal binding and revealed that the toxin contains approximately 40 divalent metal sites, consisting of at least one class of high-affinity sites that bind Mn(2+) with a K(D) of 0.05 to 0.35 microM and one or more classes of lower affinity sites. Water proton relaxation data indicate that approximately 30 of these sites are completely inaccessible to bulk solvent. Our observations, together with the sequence homology between adenylyl cyclase toxin and the alkaline protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicate that the formation of five beta-sheet helices within the repeat domain of the toxin upon binding Ca(2+) is required for cell intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22906, USA
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8
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Smith AM, Guzmán CA, Walker MJ. The virulence factors ofBordetella pertussis: a matter of control. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2001; 25:309-33. [PMID: 11348687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a contagious childhood respiratory disease. Increasing public concern over the safety of whole-cell vaccines led to decreased immunisation rates and a subsequent increase in the incidence of the disease. Research into the development of safer, more efficacious, less reactogenic vaccine preparations was concentrated on the production and purification of detoxified B. pertussis virulence factors. These virulence factors include adhesins such as filamentous haemagglutinin, fimbriae and pertactin, which allow B. pertussis to bind to ciliated epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract. Once attachment is initiated, toxins produced by the bacterium enable colonisation to proceed by interfering with host clearance mechanisms. B. pertussis co-ordinately regulates the expression of virulence factors via the Bordetella virulence gene (bvg) locus, which encodes a response regulator responsible for signal-mediated activation and repression. This strict regulation mechanism allows the bacterium to express different gene subsets in different environmental niches within the host, according to the stage of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong. N.S.W. 2522, Australia
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9
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Guermonprez P, Fayolle C, Karimova G, Ullmann A, Leclerc C, Ladant D. Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin: a vehicle to deliver CD8-positive T-cell epitopes into antigen-presenting cells. Methods Enzymol 2001; 326:527-42. [PMID: 11036662 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)26074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Artificial Gene Fusion
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification
- Base Sequence
- Bordetella pertussis/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chickens
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes/genetics
- Female
- Genes, Reporter
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guermonprez
- Unité de Biologie des Régulations Immunitaires, CNRS URA 2185, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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10
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Karimova G, Fayolle C, Gmira S, Ullmann A, Leclerc C, Ladant D. Charge-dependent translocation of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin into eukaryotic cells: implication for the in vivo delivery of CD8(+) T cell epitopes into antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12532-7. [PMID: 9770520 PMCID: PMC22865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.21.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis secretes a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA, that is able to deliver its N-terminal catalytic domain (400-aa residues) into the cytosol of eukaryotic target cells, directly through the cytoplasmic membrane. We have previously shown that CyaA can be used as a vehicle to deliver T cell epitopes, inserted within the catalytic domain of the toxin, into antigen-presenting cells and can trigger specific class I-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. Here, we constructed a series of recombinant toxins harboring at the same insertion site various peptide sequences of 11-25 amino acids, corresponding to defined CD8(+) T cell epitopes and differing in the charge of the inserted sequence. We show that inserted peptide sequences containing net negative charges (-1 or -2) decreased or completely blocked (charge of -4) the internalization of the toxin into target cells in vitro and abolished the induction of cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. The blocking of translocation due to the inserted acidic sequences can be relieved by appropriate mutations in the flanking region of CyaA that counterbalance the inserted charges. Our data indicate that (i) the electrostatic charge of the peptides inserted within the catalytic domain of CyaA is critical for its translocation into eukaryotic cells and (ii) the delivery of T cell epitopes into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells by recombinant CyaA toxins is essential for the in vivo stimulation of specific cytotoxic T cells. These findings will help to engineer improved recombinant CyaA vectors able to stimulate more efficiently cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karimova
- Unité de Biochimie Cellulaire (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1129), Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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