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Ghidini M, Vuozzo M, Galassi B, Mapelli P, Ceccarossi V, Caccamo L, Picchio M, Dondossola D. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) for Staging and Disease Response Assessment in Localized and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4155. [PMID: 34439307 PMCID: PMC8394552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Even after radical surgical procedures, PC patients have poor survival rates, with a high chance of relapse (70-80%). Imaging is involved in all aspects of the clinical management of PC, including detection and characterization of primary tumors and their resectability, assessment of vascular, perineural and lymphatic invasion and detection of distant metastases. The role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in detecting PC is still controversial, with the international guidelines not recommending its routine use. However, in resectable PC, PET/CT may play a role in assessing PC stage and grade and potential resectability after neoadjuvant treatment. Quantitative image analysis (radiomics) and new PET/CT radiotracers account for future developments in metabolic imaging and may further improve the relevance of this technique in several aspects of PC. In the present review, the current state of the art and future directions of PET/CT in resectable PC are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ghidini
- Operative Unit of Oncology, Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marta Vuozzo
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- University Medical Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Galassi
- Operative Unit of Oncology, Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paola Mapelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.M.); (M.P.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Ceccarossi
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti di Fegato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (L.C.); (D.D.)
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Caccamo
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti di Fegato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (L.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Maria Picchio
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (P.M.); (M.P.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondossola
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti di Fegato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (L.C.); (D.D.)
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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2
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Yao S, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Hu G, Zhu Z, Li F. Preclinical PET imaging of HIP/PAP using 1'- 18F-fluoroethyl- β-D-lactose. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75162-75173. [PMID: 29088854 PMCID: PMC5650409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims at preclinical evaluation of a recently reported lactose analogue, 1'-18F-fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose (18F-FEL), in binding to hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas and pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) in vitro and in vivo. Methods In this study, a multifunctional module was employed for the automated synthesis of 18F-FEL. Additional radiochemical purity, biodistribution, in vitro and in vivo competition, metabolic stability and micro-PET studies were performed using T3M4 and SK-BR-3 xenografts. Expression of HIP/PAP in T3M4 and SK-BR-3 tumor sections and cell lines were tested with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Results The synthesis of 18F-FEL was completed in 30 min, with a radiochemical yield of 20 ± 5% and specific activity of 14.2 ± 7.1 GBq/μmol. 18F-FEL exhibited high HIP/PAP-binding affinity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 22.0 ± 4.0 nM. 18F-FEL demonstrated high stability and specific tumor accumulation, which was reduced by approximately 80% in a PET competition assay by co-injection of β-D-lactose. High expression of HIP/PAP was detected in T3M4 tumors and cell line, but negative result was found for SK-BR-3 cell line. Conclusion 18F-FEL has a high binding property to HIP/PAP, high stability and excellent pharmacokinetics in vivo and therefore warrants further evaluation in a proof-of-concept study in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaping Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guilan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extraordinarily sensitive clinical imaging modality for interrogating tumor metabolism. Radiolabeled PET substrates can be traced at subphysiological concentrations, allowing noninvasive imaging of metabolism and intratumoral heterogeneity in systems ranging from advanced cancer models to patients in the clinic. There are a wide range of novel and more established PET radiotracers, which can be used to investigate various aspects of the tumor, including carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism. In this review, we briefly discuss the more established metabolic tracers and describe recent work on the development of new tracers. Some of the unanswered questions in tumor metabolism are considered alongside new technical developments, such as combined PET/magnetic resonance imaging scanners, which could provide new imaging solutions to some of the outstanding diagnostic challenges facing modern cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
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Arumugam T, Paolillo V, Young D, Wen X, Logsdon CD, De Palatis L, Alauddin MM. Preliminary evaluation of 1'-[(18)F]fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose ([(18)F]FEL) for detection of pancreatic cancer in nude mouse orthotopic xenografts. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:833-40. [PMID: 25189831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early detection of pancreatic cancer could save many thousands of lives. Non-invasive diagnostic imaging, including PET with [(18)F]FDG, has inadequate resolution for detection of small (2-3 mm) pancreatic tumours. We demonstrated the efficacy of PET imaging with an (18)F-labelled lactose derivative, [(18)F]FEDL, that targets HIP/PAP, a biomarker that is overexpressed in the peritumoural pancreas. We developed another analogue, 1-[(18)F]fluoroethyl lactose ([(18)F]FEL), which is simpler to synthesise, for the same application. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of the new probe and its efficacy in detecting orthotopic pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in mice. METHODS Xenografts were developed in nude mice by injecting L3.6 pl/GL(+) pancreatic carcinoma cells into the pancreas of each mouse. Tumour growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI); accuracy of BLI tumour size estimates was verified by MRI in two representative mice. When the tumour size reached approximately 2-3mm, the animals were injected with [(18)F]FEL (3.7 MBq) and underwent static PET/CT scans. Blood samples were collected at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 60 min after [(18)F]FEL injection to track blood clearance. Following imaging, animals were sacrificed and their organs and tumours/pancreatic tissue were collected and counted on a gamma counter. Pancreas, including tumour, was frozen, sliced and used for autoradiography and immunohistochemical analysis of HIP/PAP expression. RESULTS Tumour growth was rapid, as observed by BLI and MRI. Blood clearance of [(18)F]FEL was bi-exponential, with half-lives of approximately 3.5 min and 40 min. Mean accumulation of [(18)F]FEL in the peritumoural pancreatic tissue was 1.29±0.295 %ID/g, and that in the normal pancreas of control animals was 0.090±0.101 %ID/g. [(18)F]FEL was cleared predominantly by the kidneys. Comparative analysis of autoradiographic images and immunostaining results demonstrated a correlation between [(18)F]FEL binding and HIP/PAP expression. CONCLUSION [(18)F]FEL may be useful for non-invasive imaging of early-stage pancreatic tumours by PET. The results warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvengadam Arumugam
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vincenzo Paolillo
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - XiaoXia Wen
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Louis De Palatis
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mian M Alauddin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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5
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Paolillo V, De Palatis L, Alauddin MM. Optimization of precursor synthesis, formulation and stability of 1'-[18F]fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose ([18F]FEL) for preclinical studies in detection of pancreatic cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:364-70. [PMID: 24508409 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 1'-[(18)F]Fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose ([(18)F]FEL) is a new PET imaging agent for early detection of pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. We previously reported the syntheses of [(18)F]FEL using a bromo- and a tosyl- precursor, followed by an improved method using a nosyl-precursor. However, some steps in the synthesis of the precursor appeared to be problematic producing low yields. Here, we report on an optimized method for synthesis of the precursor and production of [(18)F]FEL; we also describe [(18)F]FEL's formulation and stability. METHODS Acetylation of D-lactose 1 was performed following a literature procedure to obtain 1',2',3',6',2,3,4,6-D-lactose octa-acetate 2a/2b. Bromination of 2a/2b was performed using HBr/acetic acid to produce 1'-bromo-2',3',6',2,3,4,6-hepta-O-acetyl-α-D-lactose 3. Coupling of 3 with ethylene glycol was performed in the presence of Ag-tosylate and an excess of ethylene glycol to produce 4a. Compound 4a was reacted with p-nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride to produce the nosyl derivative 5. Radiofluorination of 5 was performed using K[(18)F]fluoride/kryptofix to obtain 6, which was purified by HPLC and hydrolyzed with Na-methoxide to produce 7. RESULTS Compound 2 (2a/2b) was obtained in 83% yield as a mixture of two anomeric products. Compound 3 was obtained from the 2a/2b mixture in 80% yield as one product. Coupling of 3 with ethylene glycol produced 4a in 90% yield. Compound 5 was obtained in 64% yield, and radiofluorination of 5 produced 6 in 62.5% ± 7.5% yields (n=8). Hydrolysis of 6 with Na-methoxide produced 7 in 42.0% ± 7.0% yield (n=8) from the end of bombardment. CONCLUSIONS A simple 4-step synthesis of the precursor, compound 5, has been achieved with improved yields. A new formulation of [(18)F]FEL has been developed that allows the product to remain stable at ambient temperature for use in animal studies. This improved synthesis of the precursor and stable formulation of [(18)F]FEL should be useful for routine production of the radiotracer and its preclinical and, possibly, clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Paolillo
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Louis De Palatis
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mian M Alauddin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
The regenerating gene (Reg) family is a group of small molecules that includes four members found in various species, although only three are found in human tissues. Their expression is stimulated by certain growth factors or cytokines. The Reg family plays different roles in proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis through activating different signaling pathways. Their dysexpression is closely associated with a number of human conditions and diseases such as inflammation and cancer, especially in the human digestive system. Clinically, upregulation of Reg proteins is usually demonstrated in histological sections and sera from cancer patients. Therefore, Reg proteins can predict the progression and prognosis of cancers, especially those of the digestive tract, and can also act as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Turkman N, Gelovani JG, Alauddin MM. An improved synthesis of 1'-[18F]fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose ([18F]-FEL) for positron emission tomography imaging of pancreatic cancer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:351-5. [PMID: 24285438 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Earlier, we reported syntheses of ethyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4')-2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]fluoro-β-D-glucopyranoside (Et-[(18)F]FDL) and 1'-[(18)F]fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose ([(18)F]-FEL) for positron emission tomography (PET) of pancreatic carcinoma. Et-[(18)F]FDL requires a precursor, which involves 11 steps to synthesize and produces overall low yields. Synthesis of precursors for [(18)F]-FEL requires four steps, but those precursors produced low radiochemical yields. Here, we report new precursors and an improved synthesis of [(18)F]-FEL. METHOD Two precursors, 1'-(methanesulfonyl)ethyl-2',3',6',2,3,4,6-hepta-O-acetyl-β-D-lactose 2a and 1'-(p-nitrophenyl-sulfonyl)ethyl-2',3',6',2,3,4,6-hepta-O-acetyl-β-D-lactose 2b, were synthesized from lactose in four steps. Radiofluorination reactions were performed using K(18)F/kryptofix and the crude product [(18)F]-3 was purified by HPLC. Basic hydrolysis of [(18)F]-3 produced 1'-[(18)F]fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose [(18)F]-4, which was neutralized, diluted with saline, filtered on a 0.22-µm filter, and analyzed by radio-TLC. RESULTS The average radiochemical yields of [(18)F]-4 (d. c.) from 2a and 2b were 21% (n = 6) and 65% (n = 6), respectively, with >99% radiochemical purity and specific activity of 55.5 GBq/µmol. Synthesis time was 90-95 min from the end of bombardment. CONCLUSION An improved synthesis of [(18)F]FEL has been achieved in high yields, with high purity and specific activity. Precursor 2b with this method should be applicable for high yield automated production in a commercial synthesis module for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashaat Turkman
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Wayne state University, Detroit, MI, USA
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8
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Lv Y, Yang X, Huo Y, Tian H, Li S, Yin Y, Hao Z. Adenovirus-mediated hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein suppresses dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis in rats. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1950-60. [PMID: 22419609 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increased expression of hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) has been reported in ulcerative colitis (UC), its role in UC remains unclear. This study was designed to assess the function of HIP/PAP in experimental UC and further to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Recombinant adenovirus was prepared to mediate ectopic expression of HIP/PAP in the colon of rats. The effect of HIP/PAP on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was assessed by disease activity index (DAI), macroscopic, and histological evaluations. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production were determined in colonic mucosa. Proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was immunostained to reflect the proliferation of colonic epithelia. The effects of HIP/PAP on proliferation and H(2)O(2) -induced apoptosis of SW480 and LoVo colonic adenocarcinoma cells were also determined. Gene expression profiles in SW480 after HIP/PAP overexpression were analyzed by microarray analysis. RESULTS The protective effect of HIP/PAP against DSS-induced colitis in rats was confirmed. Ectopic expression of HIP/PAP resulted in attenuation of oxidative damage, reduction of TNF-α and IL-6 expression, and elevation of epithelial proliferation in colonic mucosa and led to decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation in colonic adenocarcinoma cells. Microarray analysis revealed altered expression of inflammation-related molecules, growth factors, proliferation-related molecules, and antioxidant enzymes under overexpression of HIP/PAP. CONCLUSIONS HIP/PAP has a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis in rats via inhibiting inflammation, alleviating oxidative damage, and promoting colonic epithelium regeneration. HIP/PAP might represent a new promising therapeutic strategy in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Turkman N, Pal A, Tong WP, Gelovani JG, Alauddin MM. Radiosynthesis of 1′-[18F]fluoroethyl-β-D-lactose ([18F]-FEL) for early detection of pancreatic carcinomas with PET. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xu YH, Chen K, Cui SL, Wang H. Advances in understanding the role of inflammatory and antiinflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:1912-1918. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i18.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical disorder presenting as acute abdomen. As AP is often complicated with many other serious diseases, the overall mortality rate is high in AP patients. At present, the research on the pathogenesis of AP has attracted wide attention though it has not been fully clarified yet. Many theories, such as "self-digestion of the pancreas", "inflammatory response" and "intestinal bacterial translocation", have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of AP. Extensive research is being conducted to investigate the relationship of inflammatory and antiinflammatory factors with AP. In this article, we will review the recent advances in understanding the role of inflammatory and antiinflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of AP.
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Ferrés-Masó M, Sacilotto N, López-Rodas G, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL, Closa D, Folch-Puy E. PAP1 signaling involves MAPK signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2195-204. [PMID: 19434369 PMCID: PMC11115593 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis-associated protein 1 (PAP1) belongs to the Reg family of secretory proteins. Several important biological roles have been attributed to PAP1 but the signaling pathways activated by this protein remain only partially understood. Here, we describe the intracellular pathways triggered by PAP1 in a pancreatic acinar cell line. Taking advantage of the fact that PAP1 induces its own transcription, we performed ChIP assays to analyze the recruitment of transcriptional factors on its promoter. Our results show that PAP1 increased the transactivation activity of pap1 and the binding on its promoter of the nuclear factors C/EBPbeta, P-CREB, P-ELK1, EGR1, STAT3, and ETS2, which are downstream targets of MAPK signaling. p44/42, p38, and JNK MAPKs activity increased after PAP1 treatment. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of these kinases markedly inhibited the induction of pap1 mRNA. Taken together, these results indicated that the mechanism of PAP1 action involves the activation of the MAPK superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ferrés-Masó
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, c/Rosselló 161, 7º, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Sacilotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - G. López-Rodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. C. Dagorn
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U.624, Stress Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - J. L. Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U.624, Stress Cellulaire, Marseille, France
| | - D. Closa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, c/Rosselló 161, 7º, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Folch-Puy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, c/Rosselló 161, 7º, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The Reg family of proteins has been studied in the context of growth and regeneration in several organs including pancreatic islets. We previously suggested that Reg proteins act as autoantigens in type 1 diabetes, based on evidence that a member of the Reg family (hepatocellular carcinoma intestine pancreas [HIP]/pancreatitis-associated protein [PAP]) was overexpressed in the islets of a patient who died after sudden onset of type 1 diabetes, and that, in NOD mice, Reg-specific T-cells adoptively transferred diabetes. In the current study, we developed antisera to detect individual Reg members in mouse islets and found that RegIIIalpha was present in the non-beta-cell portion of the islets, while RegII was predominantly expressed in beta-cells. Vaccination of NOD mice with the separately expressed N-terminal (NtfrII) or C-terminal (CtfrII) portion of RegII revealed a dichotomy: NtfrII vaccination accelerated and CtfrII vaccination delayed type 1 diabetes. Vaccination with CtfrII was more effective when given at later stages in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, a time dependency different from that seen with other antigen-dependent vaccine strategies in NOD mice, which might have therapeutic implications. In conclusion, RegII is a novel beta-cell-derived autoantigen in NOD mice. The autoimmune response against this protein may convert a regenerative into an islet-destructive process accelerating development of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Gurr
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA.
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13
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Lieu HT, Batteux F, Simon MT, Cortes A, Nicco C, Zavala F, Pauloin A, Tralhao JG, Soubrane O, Weill B, Bréchot C, Christa L. HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration and protects against acetaminophen injury in mice. Hepatology 2005; 42:618-26. [PMID: 16116631 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic-associated protein HIP/PAP is a secreted C-type lectin belonging to group VII, according to Drickamer's classification. HIP/PAP is overexpressed in liver carcinoma; however, its functional role remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that HIP/PAP is a paracrine hepatic growth factor promoting both proliferation and viability of liver cells in vivo. First, a low number of implanted hepatocytes deriving from HIP/PAP-transgenic mice (<1:1,000) was sufficient to stimulate overall recipient severe combined immunodeficiency liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. After a single injection of HIP/PAP protein, the percentages of bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and mitosis were statistically higher than after saline injection, indicating that HIP/PAP acts as a paracrine mitogenic growth factor for the liver. Comparison of the early events posthepatectomy in control and transgenic mice indicated that HIP/PAP accelerates the accumulation/degradation of nuclear phospho-signal transducer activator transcription factor 3 and tumor necrosis factor alpha level, thus reflecting that HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration. Second, we showed that 80% of the HIP/PAP-transgenic mice versus 25% of the control mice were protected against lethal acetaminophen-induced fulminate hepatitis. A single injection of recombinant HIP/PAP induced a similar cytoprotective effect, demonstrating the antiapoptotic effect of HIP/PAP. Comparison of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione reductase-like effects in control and transgenic liver mice indicated that HIP/PAP exerts an antioxidant activity and prevents reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial damage by acetaminophen overdose. In conclusion, the present data offer new insights into the biological functions of C-type lectins. In addition, HIP/PAP is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of liver failure.
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MESH Headings
- Acetaminophen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Acetaminophen/toxicity
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/therapeutic use
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/physiology
- Liver Regeneration/drug effects
- Liver Regeneration/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/pathology
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Tu Lieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-370; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 5; Hôpital Necker, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
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