1
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Roper RL, Garzino-Demo A, Del Rio C, Bréchot C, Gallo R, Hall W, Esparza J, Reitz M, Schinazi RF, Parrington M, Tartaglia J, Koopmans M, Osorio J, Nitsche A, Huan TB, LeDuc J, Gessain A, Weaver S, Mahalingam S, Abimiku A, Vahlne A, Segales J, Wang L, Isaacs SN, Osterhaus A, Scheuermann RH, McFadden G. Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies. Vaccine 2023; 41:3171-3177. [PMID: 37088603 PMCID: PMC10120921 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside of its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue to be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical public health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) and vaccination have blunted the spread of the virus, but cases are continuing to be reported in 28 countries in March 2023. We describe here the vaccines and drugs available for the prevention and treatment of MPXV infections. However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. The continuing opportunity for transmission raises concerns about the potential for evolution of the virus and for expansion beyond the current risk groups. The priorities for action are clear: 1) more data on the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in infected humans must be gathered; 2) global collaborations are necessary to ensure that government authorities work with the private sector in developed and low and middle income countries (LMICs) to provide the availability of treatments and vaccines, especially in historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic and surveillance capacity must be increased to identify areas and populations where the virus is present and may seed resurgence; 4) those at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g., immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, and inflammatory skin conditions) must be informed of the risk of infection and be protected from community transmission of MPXV; 5) engagement with the hardest hit communities in a non-stigmatizing way is needed to increase the understanding and acceptance of public health measures; and 6) repositories of monkeypox clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues and lesion material must be established for researchers. This MPXV outbreak is a warning that pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination and resources. We must prepare for continuing transmission, resurgence, and repeated spillovers of MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Roper
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, USA.
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Department of Molecular, Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Del Rio
- Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Robert Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Hall
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases at University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - José Esparza
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marvin Reitz
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Osorio
- Global Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, German Reference Laboratory for Poxviruses, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Germany
| | - Tan Boon Huan
- DSO National Laboratories, Respiratory and Infectious Disease Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - James LeDuc
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Scott Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Alash'le Abimiku
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joaquim Segales
- Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) and Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinàriaia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linfa Wang
- Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), and Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases at Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Stuart N Isaacs
- Division of Infectious Diseases Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Albert Osterhaus
- Center of Infection Medicine and Zoonosis Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, USA
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Gonzalez P, Dos Santos A, Darnaud M, Moniaux N, Rapoud D, Lacoste C, Nguyen TS, Moullé VS, Deshayes A, Amouyal G, Amouyal P, Bréchot C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Andréelli F, Magnan C, Faivre J. Antimicrobial protein REG3A regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in obese diabetic mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:269. [PMID: 36918710 PMCID: PMC10015038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune mediators of pathogen clearance, including the secreted C-type lectins REG3 of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family, are known to be involved in the regulation of tissue repair and homeostasis. Their role in metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. Here we show that an increase in human REG3A improves glucose and lipid homeostasis in nutritional and genetic mouse models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mice overexpressing REG3A in the liver show improved glucose homeostasis, which is reflected in better insulin sensitivity in normal weight and obese states. Delivery of recombinant REG3A protein to leptin-deficient ob/ob mice or wild-type mice on a high-fat diet also improves glucose homeostasis. This is accompanied by reduced oxidative protein damage, increased AMPK phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle tissue. Oxidative damage in differentiated C2C12 myotubes is greatly attenuated by REG3A, as is the increase in gp130-mediated AMPK activation. In contrast, Akt-mediated insulin action, which is impaired by oxidative stress, is not restored by REG3A. These data highlight the importance of REG3A in controlling oxidative protein damage involved in energy and metabolic pathways during obesity and diabetes, and provide additional insight into the dual function of host-immune defense and metabolic regulation for AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gonzalez
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Marion Darnaud
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Delphine Rapoud
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Claire Lacoste
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Tung-Son Nguyen
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Valentine S Moullé
- Université of Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alice Deshayes
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Andréelli
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, NutriOmics team, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université of Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, 94800, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP). Université Paris Saclay, Medical-University Department (DMU) Biology, Genetics, Pharmacy, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, 94800, France.
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3
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Bréchot C. [Toward an interdisciplinary virology]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:975-976. [PMID: 36692271 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bréchot
- Professeur, University of South Florida, Président du Global Virus Network, États-Unis Ancien Directeur général de l'Inserm et de l'Institut Pasteur et Vice-Président de l'Institut Mérieux
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Su KK, Zheng XH, Bréchot C, Zheng XP, Zhu DH, Huang R, Zhang YH, Tao JJ, Lou YJ, Li LJ. Five-lipoxygenase-activating protein-mediated CYLD attenuation is a candidate driver in hepatic malignant lesion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912881. [PMID: 35978827 PMCID: PMC9376481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-associated cancer. However, the lipid pro-inflammatory mediators have only been seldom investigated in HCC pathogenesis. Cylindromatosis (CYLD) attenuation is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we aimed to evaluate the significance of hepatic lipid pro-inflammatory metabolites of arachidonate-affected CYLD expression via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Resection liver tissues from HCC patients or donors were evaluated for the correlation of 5-LO/cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) signaling to the expression of CYLD. The impact of functional components in 5-LO/CysLTs cascade on survival of HCC patients was subsequently assessed. Both livers from canines, a preponderant animal for cancer research, and genetic-modified human HCC cells treated with hepatocarcinogen aristolochic acid I (AAI) were further used to reveal the possible relevance between 5-LO pathway activation and CYLD suppression. Five-LO-activating protein (FLAP), an essential partner of 5-LO, was significantly overexpressed and was parallel to CYLD depression, CD34 neovascular localization, and high Ki-67 expression in the resection tissues from HCC patients. Importantly, high hepatic FLAP transcription markedly shortened the median survival time of HCC patients after surgical resection. In the livers of AAI-treated canines, FLAP overexpression was parallel to enhanced CysLTs contents and the simultaneous attenuation of CYLD. Moreover, knock-in FLAP significantly diminished the expression of CYLD in AAI-treated human HCC cells. In summary, the hepatic FLAP/CysLTs axis is a crucial suppressor of CYLD in HCC pathogenesis, which highlights a novel mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis and progression. FLAP therefore can be explored for the early HCC detection and a target of anti-HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-kai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-hua Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Xiao-ping Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-jing Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-jia Lou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lan-juan Li,
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5
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Rossignol JF, Bardin MC, Fulgencio J, Mogelnicki D, Bréchot C. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of nitazoxanide for treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 45:101310. [PMID: 35237748 PMCID: PMC8883002 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for treatments of mild or moderate COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. METHODS A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in 36 centers in the U.S. between August 2020 and February 2021 investigated the safety and effectiveness of oral nitazoxanide 600 mg twice daily for five days in outpatients with symptoms of mild or moderate COVID-19 enrolled within 72 h of symptom onset (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04486313). Efficacy endpoints were time to sustained clinical recovery (TSR, a novel primary endpoint) and proportion of participants progressing to severe illness within 28 days (key secondary). FINDINGS 1092 participants were enrolled. 379 with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed. In the primary analysis, median (IQR) TSR were 13·3 (6·3, >21) and 12·4 (7·2, >21) days for the nitazoxanide and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0·88). 1 of 184 (0·5%) treated with nitazoxanide progressed to severe illness compared to 7 of 195 (3·6%) treated with placebo (key secondary analysis, odds ratio 5·6 [95% CI 0·7 - 46·1], relative risk reduction 85%, p = 0·07). In the pre-defined stratum with mild illness at baseline, nitazoxanide-treated participants experienced reductions in median TSR (3·1 days, p = 0·09) and usual health (5·2 days, p < 0·01) compared to placebo. Nitazoxanide was safe and well tolerated. INTERPRETATION Further trials with larger numbers are warranted to evaluate efficacy of nitazoxanide therapy in preventing progression to severe illness in patients at high risk of severe illness and reducing TSR in patients with mild illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dena Mogelnicki
- Romark Institute of Medical Research, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Christian Bréchot
- Romark Institute of Medical Research, Tampa, FL, United States
- University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
- Global Virus Network, United States
- Corresponding author at: University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.
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6
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Bréchot C. [The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2: more than a serious health crisis, a change of time and lessons to be learned urgently]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:1107-1108. [PMID: 33200980 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bréchot
- Professeur ; University of South Florida, Président du Global Virus Network, Ancien Directeur général de l'Inserm et de l'Institut Pasteur et Vice-Président de l'Institut Mérieux,
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7
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Gene D Morse
- Center for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Christian Bréchot
- Global Virus Network, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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8
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Martiny JBH, Whiteson KL, Bohannan BJM, David LA, Hynson NA, McFall-Ngai M, Rawls JF, Schmidt TM, Abdo Z, Blaser MJ, Bordenstein S, Bréchot C, Bull CT, Dorrestein P, Eisen JA, Garcia-Pichel F, Gilbert J, Hofmockel KS, Holtz ML, Knight R, Mark Welch DB, McDonald D, Methé B, Mouncey NJ, Mueller NT, Pfister CA, Proctor L, Sachs JL. The emergence of microbiome centres. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:2-3. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Akkina R, Garry R, Bréchot C, Ellerbrok H, Hasegawa H, Menéndez-Arias L, Mercer N, Neyts J, Romanowski V, Segalés J, Vahlne A. 2019 meeting of the global virus network. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104645. [PMID: 31697957 PMCID: PMC7127664 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Global Virus Network (GVN) was established in 2011 to strengthen research and responses to emerging viral causes of human disease and to prepare against new viral pandemics. There are now 52 GVN Centers of Excellence and 9 Affiliate laboratories in 32 countries. The 11th International GVN meeting was held from June 9-11, 2019 in Barcelona, Spain and was jointly organized with the Spanish Society of Virology. A common theme throughout the meeting was globalization and climate change. This report highlights the recent accomplishments of GVN researchers in several important areas of medical virology, including severe virus epidemics, anticipation and preparedness for changing disease dynamics, host-pathogen interactions, zoonotic virus infections, ethical preparedness for epidemics and pandemics, one health and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Akkina
- Colorado State University. Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, USA
| | | | | | - Heinz Ellerbrok
- Robert Koch Institute. Center for International Health Protection, Germany
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Department of Pathology, Japan
| | | | | | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victor Romanowski
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata. IBBM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Argentina
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anders Vahlne
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Abstract
Chronic infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has remained a major public health problem. To achieve an HBV cure, we will likely need to combine antivirals with different viral targets as well as immunotherapy. Here, we report data from a pilot proof‐of‐concept clinical trial of nitazoxanide in treating chronic hepatitis B. Conclusion: Nitazoxanide offers novel mechanisms of antiviral activity, and it would be interesting to evaluate the potential of combining nitazoxanide with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues.
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11
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Darnaud M, Dos Santos A, Gonzalez P, Augui S, Lacoste C, Desterke C, De Hertogh G, Valentino E, Braun E, Zheng J, Boisgard R, Neut C, Dubuquoy L, Chiappini F, Samuel D, Lepage P, Guerrieri F, Doré J, Bréchot C, Moniaux N, Faivre J. Enteric Delivery of Regenerating Family Member 3 alpha Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Controls Inflammation in Mice With Colitis. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1009-1023.e14. [PMID: 29133078 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Paneth cell dysfunction causes deficiencies in intestinal C-type lectins and antimicrobial peptides, which leads to dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, alters the mucosal barrier, and promotes development of inflammatory bowel diseases. We investigated whether transgenic (TG) expression of the human regenerating family member 3 alpha gene (REG3A) alters the fecal microbiota and affects development of colitis in mice. METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6 mice that express human regenerating family member 3 alpha (hREG3A) in hepatocytes, via the albumin gene promoter. In these mice, hREG3A travels via the bile to the intestinal lumen. Some mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Feces were collected from mice and the composition of the microbiota was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The fecal microbiome was also analyzed from mice that express only 1 copy of human REG3A transgene but were fed feces from control mice (not expressing hREG3A) as newborns. Mice expressing hREG3A were monitored for DSS-induced colitis after cohousing or feeding feces from control mice. Colitis was induced in another set of control and hREG3A-TG mice by administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some mice were given intrarectal injections of the hREG3A protein. Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to detect mucin 2, as well as by 16S ribosomal RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, transcriptional analyses, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We measured levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cultures and fecal microbiota using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and flow cytometry. RESULTS The fecal microbiota of mice that express hREG3A had a significant shift in composition, compared with control mice, with enrichment of Clostridiales (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae) and depletion of Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae); the TG mice developed less-severe colitis following administration of DSS than control mice, associated with preserved gut barrier integrity and reduced bacterial translocation, epithelial inflammation, and oxidative damage. A similar shift in the composition of the fecal microbiota occurred after a few months in TG mice heterozygous for REG3A that harbored a wild-type maternal microbiota at birth; these mice developed less-severe forms of colitis following DSS administration. Cohoused and germ-free mice fed feces from REG3A-TG mice and given DSS developed less-severe forms of colitis and had reduced lipopolysaccharide activation of the toll-like receptor 4 and increased survival times compared with mice not fed feces from REG3A-TG mice. REG3A TG mice developed only mild colonic inflammation after exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, compared with control mice. Control mice given intrarectal hREG3A and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed less colon damage and inflammation than mice not given intrarectal hREG3A. Fecal samples from REG3A-TG mice had lower levels of ROS than feces from control mice during DSS administration. Addition of hREG3A to bacterial cultures reduced levels of ROS and increased survival of oxygen-sensitive commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis). CONCLUSIONS Mice with hepatocytes that express hREG3A, which travels to the intestinal lumen, are less sensitive to colitis than control mice. We found hREG3A to alter the colonic microbiota by decreasing levels of ROS. Fecal microbiota from REG3A-TG mice protect non-TG mice from induction of colitis. These findings indicate a role for reduction of oxidative stress in preserving the gut microbiota and its ability to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Darnaud
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrick Gonzalez
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sandrine Augui
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Lacoste
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Unit of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma Valentino
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emilie Braun
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jinzi Zheng
- CEA, DSV, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Orsay, France; INSERM, U1023, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Raphael Boisgard
- CEA, DSV, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Orsay, France; INSERM, U1023, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Christel Neut
- LIRIC-U995, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Franck Chiappini
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Joel Doré
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pôle de Biologie Médicale, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Villejuif, France.
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12
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Perkins MD, Dye C, Balasegaram M, Bréchot C, Mombouli JV, Røttingen JA, Tanner M, Boehme CC. Diagnostic preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks. Lancet 2017; 390:2211-2214. [PMID: 28577861 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostics are crucial in mitigating the effect of disease outbreaks. Because diagnostic development and validation are time consuming, they should be carried out in anticipation of epidemics rather than in response to them. The diagnostic response to the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic, although ultimately effective, was slow and expensive. If a focused mechanism had existed with the technical and financial resources to drive its development ahead of the outbreak, point-of-care Ebola tests supporting a less costly and more mobile response could have been available early on in the diagnosis process. A new partnering model could drive rapid development of tests and surveillance strategies for novel pathogens that emerge in future outbreaks. We look at lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak and propose specific solutions to improve the speed of new assay development and ensure their effective deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Perkins
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Dye
- Office of the Director General, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - John-Arne Røttingen
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Department of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway; Department of Global Heallth and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Akil A, Peng J, Omrane M, Gondeau C, Desterke C, Marin M, Tronchère H, Taveneau C, Sar S, Briolotti P, Benjelloun S, Benjouad A, Maurel P, Thiers V, Bressanelli S, Samuel D, Bréchot C, Gassama-Diagne A. Septin 9 induces lipid droplets growth by a phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate and microtubule-dependent mechanism hijacked by HCV. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12203. [PMID: 27417143 PMCID: PMC4947189 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) is frequently observed in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and represents an important risk factor for the development of liver steatosis and cirrhosis. The mechanisms of LD biogenesis and growth remain open questions. Here, transcriptome analysis reveals a significant upregulation of septin 9 in HCV-induced cirrhosis compared with the normal liver. HCV infection increases septin 9 expression and induces its assembly into filaments. Septin 9 regulates LD growth and perinuclear accumulation in a manner dependent on dynamic microtubules. The effects of septin 9 on LDs are also dependent on binding to PtdIns5P, which, in turn, controls the formation of septin 9 filaments and its interaction with microtubules. This previously undescribed cooperation between PtdIns5P and septin 9 regulates oleate-induced accumulation of LDs. Overall, our data offer a novel route for LD growth through the involvement of a septin 9/PtdIns5P signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Akil
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,Laboratoire des Hépatites Virales, Département de Virologie. Institut Pasteur du Maroc, BP 20360 Casablanca, Maroc.,Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie, Univ. Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Juan Peng
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Mohyeddine Omrane
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Claire Gondeau
- INSERM U1183, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mickaël Marin
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Hélène Tronchère
- INSERM U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Cyntia Taveneau
- Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale CNRS UPR 3296 - INRA UsC 1358, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sokhavuth Sar
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Briolotti
- INSERM U1183, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Laboratoire des Hépatites Virales, Département de Virologie. Institut Pasteur du Maroc, BP 20360 Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz Benjouad
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie, Univ. Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.,Univ. Internationale de Rabat, Sala Al Jadida, Maroc
| | - Patrick Maurel
- INSERM U1183, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stéphane Bressanelli
- Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale CNRS UPR 3296 - INRA UsC 1358, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France.,AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ama Gassama-Diagne
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France
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14
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15
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Nalpas B, Ichaï P, Jamot L, Carbonell N, Rudler M, Mathurin P, Durand F, Gerken G, Manns M, Trautwein C, Larrey D, Radenne S, Duvoux C, Leroy V, Bernuau J, Faivre J, Moniaux N, Bréchot C, Amouyal G, Amouyal P, Samuel D. A Proof of Concept, Phase II Randomized European Trial, on the Efficacy of ALF-5755, a Novel Extracellular Matrix-Targeted Antioxidant in Patients with Acute Liver Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150733. [PMID: 26983031 PMCID: PMC4794150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective No efficient medical treatment is available for severe acute hepatitis (SAH) except N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. The human C-type lectin Reg3α, referred to as ALF-5755, improved survival in an animal model of acute liver failure and was well tolerated in a phase 1 trial in humans. We performed a phase 2a trial of ALF5755 in non-acetaminophen induced SAH. Design double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The primary end-point was the improvement in the coagulation protein synthesis assessed by the change of Prothrombin (PR) during the 72 hours following treatment initiation calculated as PRH0 minus PRH72 divided by 72 (PR slope H0H72). Intention to treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis of the entire group and the Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/AIH (auto-immune hepatitis) sub-group were done separately. Results 57 patients were included. Twenty-eight received ALF-5755, 29 the placebo. Etiologies were: Hepatitis A (n = 10), HBV (n = 13), AIH (n = 9), drug-induced (n = 8), other (n = 17). On the whole group, nor the PR slope H0H72 (0.18±0.31 vs 0.25±0.32), nor the transplant-free survival rate at day 21 (75 vs 86%) differed between groups. Conversely, in the HBV-AIH subgroup, in which ALF was more severe, PR slope H0-H72 was higher in the ALF-5755 arm, the difference being significant in PP analysis (0.048±0.066 vs -0.040±0.099, p = 0.04); the median length of hospitalization was lower in the ALF-5755 group (8 vs 14 days, p = 0.02). Conclusion ALF-5755 was not efficient in a ITT analysis performed on the whole sample; however it led to a significant, although moderate, clinical benefit in a PP analysis of the sub-group of patients with HBV or AIH related SAH. As HBV is the major cause of SAH in Asia and Africa and AIH a growing cause, this study emphasizes the need to pursuit the evaluation of this novel medical treatment of SAH. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01318525
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Nalpas
- Inserm, Département de l’Information Scientifique et de la Communication, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Philippe Ichaï
- Centre Hépatobiliaire Paul Brousse and Inserm U 1193, Villejuif, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Nicolas Carbonell
- Service Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marika Rudler
- Service Hépatologie et de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital La Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | | | - Guido Gerken
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Manns
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Dominique Larrey
- Service Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Radenne
- Service Hépatologie et Gastro-Entérologie, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Duvoux
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Département d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Hôpital de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jamila Faivre
- Centre Hépatobiliaire Paul Brousse and Inserm U 1193, Villejuif, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- Centre Hépatobiliaire Paul Brousse and Inserm U 1193, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | - Didier Samuel
- Centre Hépatobiliaire Paul Brousse and Inserm U 1193, Villejuif, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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16
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Benzoubir N, Mussini C, Lejamtel C, Dos Santos A, Guillaume C, Desterke C, Samuel D, Bréchot C, Bourgeade MF, Guettier C. Gamma-smooth muscle actin expression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem-like properties in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130559. [PMID: 26110787 PMCID: PMC4482489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is hampered by frequent tumour recurrence and metastases. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is now recognized as a key process in tumour invasion, metastasis and the generation of cancer initiating cells. The morphological identification of EMT in tumour samples from the expression of novel mesenchymal markers could provide relevant prognostic information and aid in understanding the metastatic process. METHODS The expression of Smooth Muscle Actins was studied using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays in cultured liver cells during an induced EMT process and in liver specimens from adult and paediatric HCC series. RESULTS We report here that in HCC cell lines treated with TGF-β and in HCC specimens, the expression of αSMA, a known mesenchymal marker of EMT, could never be detected. In addition, our in vitro studies identified the enteric form of SMA, γSMA, as being a marker of EMT. Moreover, this SMA isoform was expressed in 46% of 58 tumours from 42 adult HCC patients and in 90% of 16 tumours from 12 paediatric HCC patients. Interestingly, this expression was significantly correlated with poor tumour differentiation and progenitor cell features characterized by the expression of EpCAM and K19. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results support the conclusion that γSMA expression in HCC is strongly correlated with the EMT process, HCC aggressiveness and the identification of cancer stem cells. This correlation suggests that γSMA represents a novel and powerful marker to predict HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Benzoubir
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Mussini
- AP-HP Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Service d’Anatomopathologie, Paris, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlène Lejamtel
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | - Claire Guillaume
- AP-HP Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Service d’Anatomopathologie, Paris, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Didier Samuel
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Bourgeade
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Service d’Anatomopathologie, Paris, France
- DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, France
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17
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Gonzalez P, Moniaux N, Bréchot C, Faivre J. Is the Reg3α (HIP/PAP) Protein Really an Obesogenic Factor? J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1. [PMID: 26096764 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gonzalez
- INSERM UMR-1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- INSERM UMR-1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- INSERM UMR-1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM UMR-1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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18
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Moniaux N, Darnaud M, Garbin K, Dos Santos A, Guettier C, Samuel D, Amouyal G, Amouyal P, Bréchot C, Faivre J. The Reg3α (HIP/PAP) Lectin Suppresses Extracellular Oxidative Stress in a Murine Model of Acute Liver Failure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125584. [PMID: 25938566 PMCID: PMC4418718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rapidly progressive heterogeneous illness with high mortality rate and no widely accessible cure. A promising drug candidate according to previous preclinical studies is the Reg3α (or HIP/PAP) lectin, which alleviates ALF through its free-radical scavenging activity. Here we study the therapeutic targets of Reg3α in order to gain information on the nature of the oxidative stress associated with ALF. Methods Primary hepatocytes stressed with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers TNFα and H2O2 were incubated with a recombinant Reg3α protein. ALF was induced in C57BL/6J mice by an anti-CD95 antibody. Livers and primary hepatocytes were harvested for deoxycholate separation of cellular and extracellular fractions, immunostaining, immunoprecipitation and malondialdehyde assays. Fibrin deposition was studied by immunofluorescence in frozen liver explants from patients with ALF. Results Fibrin deposition occurs during experimental and clinical acute liver injuries. Reg3α bound the resulting transient fibrin network, accumulated in the inflammatory extracellular matrix (ECM), greatly reduced extracellular ROS levels, and improved cell viability. Hepatocyte treatment with ligands of death receptors, e.g. TNFα and Fas, resulted in a twofold increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the deoxycholate-insoluble fractions. Reg3α treatment maintained MDA at a level similar to control cells and thereby increased hepatocyte survival by 35%. No antioxidant effect of Reg3α was noted in the deoxycholate-soluble fractions. Preventing fibrin network formation with heparin suppressed the prosurvival effect of Reg3α. Conclusions Reg3α is an ECM-targeted ROS scavenger that binds the fibrin scaffold resulting from hepatocyte death during ALF. ECM alteration is an important pathogenic factor of ALF and a relevant target for pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Moniaux
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- * E-mail: (NM); (JF)
| | - Marion Darnaud
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Kévin Garbin
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | | | | | - Christian Bréchot
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM, U1193, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- * E-mail: (NM); (JF)
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19
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Haldipur P, Dupuis N, Degos V, Moniaux N, Chhor V, Rasika S, Schwendimann L, le Charpentier T, Rougier E, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Dournaud P, Bréchot C, El Ghouzzi V, Faivre J, Fleiss B, Mani S, Gressens P. HIP/PAP prevents excitotoxic neuronal death and promotes plasticity. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:739-54. [PMID: 25493266 PMCID: PMC4241802 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Excitotoxicity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injuries. Among the consequences of excessive activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate are oxidative stress caused by free radical release from damaged mitochondria, neuronal death and subsequent loss of connectivity. Drugs that could protect nervous tissue and support regeneration are attractive therapeutic options. The hepatocarcinoma intestine pancreas protein/pancreatitis-associated protein I (HIP/PAP) or Reg3α, which is approved for clinical testing for the protection and regeneration of the liver, is upregulated in the central nervous system following injury or disease. Here, we examined the neuroprotective/neuroregenerative potential of HIP/PAP following excitotoxic brain injury. Methods We studied the expression of HIP/PAP and two of its putative effectors, cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19 (ARPP19) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), in the neonatal brain, and the protective/regenerative properties of HIP/PAP in three paradigms of perinatal excitotoxicity: intracerebral injection of the NMDA agonist ibotenate in newborn pups, a pediatric model of traumatic brain injury, and cultured primary cortical neurons. Results HIP/PAP, ARPP19, and GAP-43 were expressed in the neonatal mouse brain. HIP/PAP prevented the formation of cortical and white matter lesions and reduced neuronal death and glial activation following excitotoxic insults in vivo. In vitro, HIP/PAP promoted neuronal survival, preserved neurite complexity and fasciculation, and protected cell contents from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Interpretation HIP/PAP has strong neuroprotective/neuroregenerative potential following excitotoxic injury to the developing brain, and could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy in perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Haldipur
- National Brain Research Centre Manesar, India ; Centre for Neuroscience, IISC Bangalore, India
| | - Nina Dupuis
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Vincent Degos
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- Inserm U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire Villejuif, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud Villejuif, France
| | - Vibol Chhor
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France ; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Rasika
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Leslie Schwendimann
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Tifenn le Charpentier
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Elodie Rougier
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Dournaud
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- Inserm U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire Villejuif, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent El Ghouzzi
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- Inserm U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire Villejuif, France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud Villejuif, France
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France ; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital London, United Kingdom
| | - Shyamala Mani
- National Brain Research Centre Manesar, India ; Centre for Neuroscience, IISC Bangalore, India
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm U1141 Paris, France ; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1141, Paris, France ; PremUP Paris, France ; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital London, United Kingdom
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Hofman P, Bréchot C, Zatloukal K, Dagher G, Clément B. Public-private relationships in biobanking: a still underestimated key component of open innovation. Virchows Arch 2013; 464:3-9. [PMID: 24337181 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Access to human bioresources is essential to the understanding of human diseases and to the discovery of new biomarkers aimed at improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and the predictive response of patients to treatments. The use of biospecimens is strictly controlled by ethical assessment, which complies with the laws of the country. These laws regulate the partnerships between the biobanks and industrial actors. However, private-public partnerships (PPP) can be limiting for several reasons, which can hamper the discovery of new biological tests and new active molecules targeted to human diseases. The bottlenecks and roadblocks in establishing these partnerships include: poor organization of the biobank in setting up PPP, evaluation of the cost of human samples, the absence of experience on the public side in setting up contracts with industry, and the fact that public and private partners may not share the same objectives. However, it is critical, in particular for academic biobanks, to establish strong PPP to accelerate translational research for the benefits of patients, and to allow the sustainability of the biobank. The purpose of this review is to discuss the main bottlenecks and roadblocks that can hamper the establishment of PPP based on solid and trusting relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hofman
- Hospital-Integrated Tumor Biobank, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France,
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21
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Benzoubir N, Lejamtel C, Battaglia S, Testoni B, Benassi B, Gondeau C, Perrin-Cocon L, Desterke C, Thiers V, Samuel D, Levrero M, Bréchot C, Bourgeade MF. HCV core-mediated activation of latent TGF-β via thrombospondin drives the crosstalk between hepatocytes and stromal environment. J Hepatol 2013; 59:1160-8. [PMID: 23928402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanisms by which fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are not fully understood. We previously observed that HCV core protein induced a TGF-β-dependent epithelial mesenchymal transition, a process contributing to the promotion of cell invasion and metastasis by impacting TGF-β1 signalling. Here we investigated HCV core capacity to drive increased expression of the active form of TGF-β1n transgenic mice and hepatoma cell lines. METHODS We used an in vivo model of HCV core expressing transgenic mice. RESULTS We observed that about 50% of genes deregulated by core protein expression were TGF-β1 target genes. Active TGF-β levels were increased in HCV core transgenic mouse livers. Overexpression of core protein in hepatoma cells increased active TGF-β levels in culture supernatants and induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation, thus reflecting activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Moreover, our data showed the implication of thrombospondin-1 in core-dependent TGF-β activation. Finally, hepatoma cells expressing HCV core could activate stellate cells in co-culture and this activation was TGF-β dependent. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data delineate a novel paradigm where HCV may be related to liver pathogenesis through its ability to induce a local, intrahepatic TGF-β activation. They argue for a dual impact of HCV core on liver fibrosis and liver carcinogenesis: HCV core could act both as autocrine and paracrine factor modulating TGF-β responses within hepatocytes and in stromal environment through TGF-β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Benzoubir
- INSERM U785, Villejuif F-94800, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif F-94800, France
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22
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Faivre J, Bréchot C, Moniaux N. [Crosstalk between the liver and the gut: role of the microbiota in liver carcinogenesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:954-6. [PMID: 24280495 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132911008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Faivre
- Inserm U785, centre hépatobiliaire, 12-14, avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France - Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, 94800 Villejuif, France - Département d'hématologie et de biologie des tumeurs, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France
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24
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Lacoste C, Hervé J, Bou Nader M, Dos Santos A, Moniaux N, Valogne Y, Montjean R, Dorseuil O, Samuel D, Cassio D, Portulano C, Carrasco N, Bréchot C, Faivre J. Iodide transporter NIS regulates cancer cell motility and invasiveness by interacting with the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor LARG. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5505-15. [PMID: 22962269 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of solute carrier (SLC) proteins are subject to changes in expression and activity during carcinogenesis. Whether these changes play a role in carcinogenesis is unclear, except for some nutrients and ion carriers whose deregulation ensures the necessary reprogramming of energy metabolism in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the functional role in tumor progression of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS; aka SLC5A5), which is upregulated and mislocalized in many human carcinomas. Notably, we found that NIS enhanced cell migration and invasion without ion transport being involved. These functions were mediated by NIS binding to leukemia-associated RhoA guanine exchange factor, a Rho guanine exchange factor that activates the small GTPase RhoA. Sequestering NIS in intracellular organelles or impairing its targeting to the cell surface (as observed in many cancers) led to a further increase in cell motility and invasiveness. In sum, our results established NIS as a carrier protein that interacts with a major cell signaling hub to facilitate tumor cell locomotion and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lacoste
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, France
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25
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Soussan P, Garreau F, Bréchot C, Kremsdorf D. Une nouvelle protéine du virus de l'hépatite B. Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Nalpas B, Francoz C, Ichaï P, Jamot L, Faivre J, Lemoinne S, Samuel D, Durand F, Bernuau J, Bréchot C, Amouyal P, Amouyal G. Prothrombin index slope is an early prognostic marker in patients with severe acute liver diseases. Gut 2012; 61:1098-100. [PMID: 22027480 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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27
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Honda A, Valogne Y, Bou Nader M, Bréchot C, Faivre J. An intron-retaining splice variant of human cyclin A2, expressed in adult differentiated tissues, induces a G1/S cell cycle arrest in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39249. [PMID: 22745723 PMCID: PMC3379989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cyclin A2 is a key regulator of S phase progression and entry into mitosis. Alternative splice variants of the G1 and mitotic cyclins have been shown to interfere with full-length cyclin functions to modulate cell cycle progression and are therefore likely to play a role in differentiation or oncogenesis. The alternative splicing of human cyclin A2 has not yet been studied. Methodology/Principal Findings Sequence-specific primers were designed to amplify various exon–intron regions of cyclin A2 mRNA in cell lines and human tissues. Intron retaining PCR products were cloned and sequenced and then overexpressed in HeLa cells. The subcellular localization of the splice variants was studied using confocal and time-lapse microscopy, and their impact on the cell cycle by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and histone H1 kinase activity. We found a splice variant of cyclin A2 mRNA called A2V6 that partly retains Intron 6. The gene expression pattern of A2V6 mRNA in human tissues was noticeably different from that of wild-type cyclin A2 (A2WT) mRNA. It was lower in proliferating fetal tissues and stronger in some differentiated adult tissues, especially, heart. In transfected HeLa cells, A2V6 localized exclusively in the cytoplasm whereas A2WT accumulated in the nucleus. We show that A2V6 induced a clear G1/S cell cycle arrest associated with a p21 and p27 upregulation and an inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Like A2WT, A2V6 bound CDK2, but the A2V6/CDK2 complex did not phosphorylate histone H1. Conclusion/Significance This study has revealed that some highly differentiated human tissues express an intron-retaining cyclin A2 mRNA that induced a G1/S block in vitro. Contrary to full-length cyclin A2, which regulates cell proliferation, the A2V6 splice variant might play a role in regulating nondividing cell states such as terminal differentiation or senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Honda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation, Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- INSERM, U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, France
| | - Yannick Valogne
- INSERM, U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, France
| | - Myriam Bou Nader
- INSERM, U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- INSERM, U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM, U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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28
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Moniaux N, Darnaud M, Dos Santos A, Jamot L, Samuel D, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Bréchot C, Faivre J. [HIP/PAP, a new drug for acute liver failure]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:239-41. [PMID: 22480640 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012283004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Acetaminophen/toxicity
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/adverse effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/therapeutic use
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Hepatitis/drug therapy
- Hepatitis/etiology
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type/therapeutic use
- Liver Failure/drug therapy
- Liver Regeneration
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multicenter Studies as Topic
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/adverse effects
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- fas Receptor/agonists
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29
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Moniaux N, Song H, Darnaud M, Garbin K, Gigou M, Mitchell C, Samuel D, Jamot L, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Bréchot C, Faivre J. Human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein cures fas-induced acute liver failure in mice by attenuating free-radical damage in injured livers. Hepatology 2011; 53:618-27. [PMID: 21274882 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare syndrome with a difficult clinical management and a high mortality rate. During ALF, several molecular pathways governing oxidative stress and apoptosis are activated to induce massive tissue injury and suppress cell proliferation. There are few anti-ALF drug candidates, among which is the C-type lectin Reg3α, or human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP), which displayed promising properties for tissue regeneration and protection against cellular stress in transgenic mice. We report on substantial preclinical and clinical advances in the development of a recombinant (rc) full-length human HIP/PAP protein as an anti-ALF drug. The curative effects and mechanisms of action of rcHIP/PAP were investigated in murine Fas-induced ALF. Primary hepatocytes were cultured with cytotoxic doses of tumor necrosis factor α/actinomycin-D, transforming growth factor β, agonistic Fas antibody or hydrogen peroxide, and various concentrations of rcHIP/PAP. Cell viability, proliferation index, apoptosis, and oxidation were monitored. We found that rcHIP/PAP significantly improved survival in Fas-intoxicated mice in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, with optimum effects when it was injected at advanced stages of ALF. Primary hepatocytes were efficiently protected against multiple cell death signals by rcHIP/PAP. This survival benefit was linked to a depletion of oxidized biomolecules in injured liver cells due to a strong reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of rcHIP/PAP. Clinically, an escalating dose phase 1 trial demonstrated a good tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of rcHIP/PAP in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The rcHIP/PAP protein exhibited significant curative properties against ALF in mice. It is a free-radical scavenger that targets a broad spectrum of death effectors and favors liver regeneration. The good safety profile of rcHIP/PAP during a phase 1 trial encourages evaluation of its efficacy in patients with ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Moniaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France
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30
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Dos Santos A, Court M, Thiers V, Sar S, Guettier C, Samuel D, Bréchot C, Garin J, Demaugre F, Masselon CD. Identification of cellular targets in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using laser microdissection and accurate mass and time tag proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1991-2004. [PMID: 20513801 PMCID: PMC2938110 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining accurate protein profiles from homogeneous cell populations in heterogeneous tissues can enhance the capability to discover protein biomarkers. In this context, methodologies to access specific cellular populations and analyze their proteome with exquisite sensitivity have to be selected. We report here the results of an investigation using a combination of laser microdissection and accurate mass and time tag proteomics. The study was aimed at the precise determination of proteome alterations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ICC, a markedly heterogeneous tumor. This cancer, which is difficult to diagnose and carries a very poor prognosis, has shown an unexplained increase in incidence over the last few years. Among a pool of 574 identified proteins, we were able to report on altered abundance patterns affecting 39 proteins conforming to a variety of potential tumorigenic pathways. The reliability of the proteomics results was confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry on matched samples. Most of the proteins displaying perturbed abundances had not yet been described in the setting of ICC. These include proteins involved in cell mobility and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, which may participate in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process invoked in migration and invasion of cancer cells. The biological relevance of these findings was explored using a tissue microarray. An increased abundance of vimentin was thus detected in 70% of ICC and none of the controls. These results suggest that vimentin could play a role in the aggressiveness of ICC and provide a basis for the serious outcome of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dos Santos
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Magali Court
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble F-38054, France
- Unité 880, INSERM, Grenoble F-38054, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Valérie Thiers
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Sokhavuth Sar
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94270, France, and
| | - Didier Samuel
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Merieux Alliance, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Jérôme Garin
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble F-38054, France
- Unité 880, INSERM, Grenoble F-38054, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - France Demaugre
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Christophe D. Masselon
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble F-38054, France
- Unité 880, INSERM, Grenoble F-38054, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
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Nalpas B, Lavialle-Meziani R, Plancoulaine S, Jouanguy E, Nalpas A, Munteanu M, Charlotte F, Ranque B, Patin E, Heath S, Fontaine H, Vallet-Pichard A, Pontoire D, Bourlière M, Casanova JL, Lathrop M, Bréchot C, Poynard T, Matsuda F, Pol S, Abel L. Interferon gamma receptor 2 gene variants are associated with liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Gut 2010; 59:1120-6. [PMID: 20587546 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2009.202267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a minority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection develops severe liver fibrosis, a process that may be controlled by human genetic factors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 36 candidate genes related to the fibrogenesis/fibrolysis process. METHODS Patients with chronic HCV infection were gathered from two French cohorts (prospectively and retrospectively). The overall sample consisted of 393 HCV-infected subjects without known risk factors for fibrosis progression, including 134 patients with severe liver fibrosis and 259 without severe fibrosis. RESULTS Only two SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the interferon gamma receptor 2 gene (IFNGR2) were significantly associated with liver fibrosis in both the prospective and the retrospective samples. The strongest association (p=8x10(-5)) was observed with the G/A SNP rs9976971 with an OR of severe fibrosis for AA versus AG or GG subjects at 2.95 (95% CI 1.70 to 5.11). This effect was higher (p=9x10(-7)) when taking into account the time of follow-up, and the hazard ratio of progression towards severe fibrosis for AA patients was 2.62 (1.76 to 3.91). Refined sequencing and analysis of the IFNGR2 region identified two additional variants in strong LD with rs9976971. No haplotypes derived from this cluster of four variants provided stronger evidence for association than rs9976971 alone. CONCLUSIONS This identification of a cluster of four IFNGR2 variants strongly associated with fibrosis progression in chronic HCV infection underlines the role of IFNgamma in the development of liver fibrosis that may pave the way for new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Nalpas
- Unité d'Hépatologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U567, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Battaglia S, Benzoubir N, Ghigna MR, Guettier C, Bréchot C, Bourgeade MF. [Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatocellular carcinoma]. Ann Pathol 2009; 29 Spec No 1:S65-6. [PMID: 19887256 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2009.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sérena Battaglia
- U785 Inserm, centre hépato-biliaire, hôpital Paul-Brousse, avenue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier, Villejuif, France
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Battaglia S, Benzoubir N, Nobilet S, Charneau P, Samuel D, Zignego AL, Atfi A, Bréchot C, Bourgeade MF. Liver cancer-derived hepatitis C virus core proteins shift TGF-beta responses from tumor suppression to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4355. [PMID: 19190755 PMCID: PMC2629560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated liver cirrhosis represent a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. TGF-β is an important driver of liver fibrogenesis and cancer; however, its actual impact in human cancer progression is still poorly known. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HCC-derived HCV core natural variants on cancer progression through their impact on TGF-β signaling. Principal Findings We provide evidence that HCC-derived core protein expression in primary human or mouse hepatocyte alleviates TGF-β responses in terms or growth inhibition or apoptosis. Instead, in these hepatocytes TGF-β was still able to induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that contributes to the promotion of cell invasion and metastasis. Moreover, we demonstrate that different thresholds of Smad3 activation dictate the TGF-β responses in hepatic cells and that HCV core protein, by decreasing Smad3 activation, may switch TGF-β growth inhibitory effects to tumor promoting responses. Conclusion/Significance Our data illustrate the capacity of hepatocytes to develop EMT and plasticity under TGF-β, emphasize the role of HCV core protein in the dynamic of these effects and provide evidence for a paradigm whereby a viral protein implicated in oncogenesis is capable to shift TGF-β responses from cytostatic effects to EMT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Battaglia
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France
| | - Nassima Benzoubir
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France
| | - Soizic Nobilet
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Didier Samuel
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italia
| | | | | | - Marie-Françoise Bourgeade
- Inserm, Unité 785, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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Hervé J, Cunha AS, Liu B, Valogne Y, Longuet M, Boisgard R, Brégerie O, Roux J, Guettier C, Calès P, Tavitian B, Samuel D, Clerc J, Bréchot C, Faivre J. Internal radiotherapy of liver cancer with rat hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas gene as a liver tumor-specific promoter. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:915-26. [PMID: 18759560 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas (HIP) gene, also called pancreatitis-associated protein-1 (PAP1) or Reg IIIalpha, is activated in most human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) but not in normal liver, which suggests that HIP regulatory sequence could be used as efficient liver tumor-specific promoters to express a therapeutic polynucleotide in liver cancer. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS), which has recognized therapeutic and reporter gene properties, is appropriate to evaluate the transcriptional strength and specificity of the HIP promoter in HCC. For this purpose, we constructed a recombinant rat HIP-NIS adenoviral vector (AdrHIP-NIS), and evaluated its performance as a mediator of selective radioiodide uptake in tumor hepatocytes. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and iodide uptake assays were performed in AdrHIP-NIS-infected primary hepatocytes and transformed hepatic and nonhepatic cells. Nuclear imaging, tissue counting and immunohistochemistry were performed in normal and HCC-bearing Wistar rats infected with AdrHIP-NIS intratumorally or via the hepatic artery. In AdrHIP-NIS-infected transformed hepatic cells, functional NIS was strongly expressed, as in cells infected with a cytomegalovirus-NIS vector. No NIS expression was found in AdrHIP-NIS-infected normal hepatocytes or transformed nonhepatic cells. In rats bearing multinodular HCC, AdrHIP-NIS triggered functional NIS expression that was preferential in tumor hepatocytes. Administration of 18 mCi of (131)I resulted in the destruction of AdrHIP-NIS-injected nodules. This study has identified the rHIP regulatory sequence as a potent liver tumor-specific promoter for the transfer of therapeutic genes, and AdrHIP-NIS-mediated (131)I therapy as a valuable option for the treatment of multinodular HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hervé
- INSERM U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif F-94800, France
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35
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Lauré F, Chatenoud L, Pasquinelli C, Gazengel C, Beaurain G, Torchet MF, Zagury D, Bach JF, Bréchot C. Frequent lymphocytes infection by hepatitis B virus in haemophiliacs. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1987.00143.x-i1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Sobesky R, Feray C, Rimlinger F, Derian N, Dos Santos A, Roque-Afonso AM, Samuel D, Bréchot C, Thiers V. Distinct hepatitis C virus core and F protein quasispecies in tumoral and nontumoral hepatocytes isolated via microdissection. Hepatology 2007; 46:1704-12. [PMID: 17935229 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic variability may be involved in liver carcinogenesis. We investigated HCV core and corresponding putative F protein genetic variability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhotic nodules. Hepatocyte clusters from 7 patients with HCC and HCV1b-related cirrhosis were isolated via microdissection of HCC tissues and 2 nontumoral cirrhotic nodules. The HCV core complementary DNA was cloned and sequenced from each liver compartment and from the serum of 2 patients. Nucleotide diversity and synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions were analyzed within and between compartments via phylogenetic analysis and Mantel's test. Liver HCV RNA accumulation was lower in HCC. Increased quasispecies diversity and complexity was observed with HCC in 6 of 7 patients. Mantel's test demonstrated marked compartmentalization of quasispecies between HCC and cirrhotic nodules in all 7 patients and also between the 2 nontumoral nodules in 5 of them. Synonymous-nonsynonymous substitution analysis indicated low selection against tumoral core quasispecies in all patients and a more selective pressure against F protein quasispecies in all compartments. In the 2 subjects analyzed, HCC and nontumoral hepatocyte quasispecies were only minor or undetected in serum. CONCLUSION In tumoral hepatocytes, low-replicating hepatitis C quasispecies are compartmentalized and more diversified and are subjected to low selective pressure. Our study supports the importance of core genetic variability in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Sobesky
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U785, Villejuif, France.
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37
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Yuille M, van Ommen GJ, Bréchot C, Cambon-Thomsen A, Dagher G, Landegren U, Litton JE, Pasterk M, Peltonen L, Taussig M, Wichmann HE, Zatloukal K. Biobanking for Europe. Brief Bioinform 2007; 9:14-24. [PMID: 17959611 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbm050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobanks are well-organized resources comprising biological samples and associated information that are accessible to scientific investigation. Across Europe, millions of samples with related data are held in different types of collections. While individual collections can be well organized and accessible, the resources are subject to fragmentation, insecurity of funding and incompleteness. To address these issues, a Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Infrastructure (BBMRI) is to be developed across Europe, thereby implementing a European 'roadmap' for research infrastructures that was developed by a forum of EU member states and that has been received by the European Commission. In this review, we describe the work involved in preparing for the construction of BBMRI in a European and global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Yuille
- The University of Manchester, School of Translational Medicine, CIGMR Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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38
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Dos Santos A, Thiers V, Sar S, Derian N, Bensalem N, Yilmaz F, Bralet MP, Ducot B, Bréchot C, Demaugre F. Contribution of laser microdissection-based technology to proteomic analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma developing on cirrhosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:545-54. [PMID: 21136705 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200600474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Proteomic studies provide opportunities to uncover targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, in HCC developing in a setting of cirrhosis, the detection of proteome alterations may be hampered by the increased cellular heterogeneity of tissue when analysing global liver homogenates. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the identification of proteome alterations in these HCC cases was improved when the differential protein profile between tumour and non-tumour areas of liver was determined using hepatocytes isolated by laser microdissection (LM). Differential profiles established with LM-hepatocytes and liver section homogenates using 2-DE and MS exhibited noticeable differences: 30% of the protein spots with deregulated expression in tumorous LM-samples did not display any modification in homogenates; conversely 15% of proteins altered in tumorous homogenates were not impaired in LM-hepatocytes. These alterations resulted from the presence in cirrhotic liver of fibrotic stroma which displayed a protein pattern different from that determined in LM-hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the interest of LM in distinguishing between fibrotic and hepatocyte proteome alterations and thus the benefit of LM to proteome studies of HCC developing in a context of cirrhosis.
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39
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Liu B, Hervé J, Bioulac-Sage P, Valogne Y, Roux J, Yilmaz F, Boisgard R, Guettier C, Calès P, Tavitian B, Samuel D, Clerc J, Bréchot C, Faivre J. Sodium iodide symporter is expressed at the preneoplastic stages of liver carcinogenesis and in human cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1495-503. [PMID: 17408651 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The ability of thyroid cells to take up iodide, which enables (131)I radiotherapy for thyroid cancer, is due to the expression of the sodium iodide symporter at their plasma membrane. Expression of this symporter has been found in some nonthyroid cancers. However, it is mostly accumulated in the cytoplasm, and its functionality has not been demonstrated. We have investigated sodium iodide symporter expression and functionality in human liver cancer, and in a diethylnitrosamine induced Wistar rat model of primary liver cancer at different stages of carcinogenesis. METHODS Sodium iodide symporter mRNA and protein were studied in tissues from patients with hepatocellular- or cholangio-carcinomas using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry. We studied the dynamics of hepatic iodine uptake in the animal model using nuclear imaging. RESULTS Sodium iodide symporter expression showed up in all 20 cholangiocarcinomas, but in only 2 of the 26 hepatocellular carcinomas, investigated. It was also found in normal bile duct cells and in the ductular reaction present in cirrhotic tissues. It was located at the plasma membrane in 10 of 20 cholangiocarcinoma. In rat liver cancer, a functional sodium iodide symporter expression was triggered as from the early preneoplastic steps, and was amplified during clonal tumor cell expansion, allowing complete tumor suppression after (131)I radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of human cholangiocarcinomas expresses membrane sodium iodide symporter, which may permit radioiodine therapy. Our data also suggest that (131)I acts on a crucial target for liver cancer development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoradiography
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Iodine
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Symporters/biosynthesis
- Symporters/genetics
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingkai Liu
- INSERM, U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine, Villejuif, France
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40
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Chami M, Benali NL, Bréchot C, Paterlini-Bréchot P. [Impact of calcium signaling in liver carcinogenesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2007; 23:133-5. [PMID: 17291421 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2007232133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chami
- Inserm U807, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants malades, Université Paris V, 156, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
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Robert A, Margall-Ducos G, Guidotti JE, Brégerie O, Celati C, Bréchot C, Desdouets C. The intraflagellar transport component IFT88/polaris is a centrosomal protein regulating G1-S transition in non-ciliated cells. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:628-37. [PMID: 17264151 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of normal primary cilia function in mammals is linked to proliferative diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease, suggesting a regulatory relationship between cilia and cell cycle. The primary cilium expressed by most mammalian cells is nucleated from the elder centriole of the centrosome. The relationship between centrosome and cilia suggests that these structures share functions and components. We now show that IFT88/polaris, a component of the intraflagellar transport, remains associated to the centrosome in a proliferative state. IFT88/polaris is tightly associated with the centrosome throughout the cell cycle in a microtubule- and dynein-independent manner. IFT88/polaris tetratricopeptide repeat motifs are essential for this localization. Overexpression of IFT88/polaris prevents G1-S transition and induces apoptotic cell death. By contrast, IFT88/polaris depletion induced by RNA interference promotes cell-cycle progression to S, G2, and M phases. Finally, we demonstrate that IFT88/polaris interacts with Che-1, an Rb-binding protein that inhibits the Rb growth suppressing function. We propose that IFT88/polaris, a protein essential for ciliogenesis, is also crucial for G1-S transition in non-ciliated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Robert
- Institut Cochin, Département Génétique et Développement, Faculté de médecine R. Descartes, UM 3, Paris, F-75014 France
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42
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Lieu HT, Simon MT, Nguyen-Khoa T, Kebede M, Cortes A, Tebar L, Smith AJH, Bayne R, Hunt SP, Bréchot C, Christa L. Reg2 inactivation increases sensitivity to Fas hepatotoxicity and delays liver regeneration post-hepatectomy in mice. Hepatology 2006; 44:1452-64. [PMID: 17133485 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reg2/RegIIIbeta is the murine homologue of the human secreted HIP/PAP C-type lectin. HIP/PAP transgenic mice were protected against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure and were stimulated to regenerate post-hepatectomy. To assess the role of Reg2, we used Reg2-/- mice in a model of fulminant hepatitis induced by Fas and in the post-hepatectomy regeneration. Within 4 hours of J0-2 treatment (0.5 microg/g), only 50% of the Reg2-/- mice were alive but with an increased sensitivity to Fas-induced oxidative stress and a decreased level of Bcl-xL. In contrast, HIP/PAP transgenic mice were resistant to Fas, with HIP/PAP serving as a sulfhydryl buffer to slow down decreases in glutathione and Bcl-xL. In Reg2-/- mice, liver regeneration was markedly impaired, with 29% mortality and delay of the S-phase and the activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Activation of STAT3 began on time at 3 hours but persisted strongly up to 72 hours despite significant accumulation of SOCS3. Thus, Reg2 deficiency induced exaggerated IL-6/STAT-3 activation and mito-inhibition. Because the Reg2 gene was activated between 6 and 24 hours after hepatectomy in wild-type mice, Reg2 could mediate the TNF-alpha/IL-6 priming signaling by exerting a negative feed-back on STAT3/IL-6 activation to allow the hepatocytes to progress through the cell cycle. In conclusion, Reg2 deficiency enhanced liver sensitivity to Fas-induced oxidative stress and delayed liver regeneration with persistent TNF-alpha/IL6/STAT3 signaling. In contrast, overexpression of human HIP/PAP promoted liver resistance to Fas and accelerated liver regeneration with early activation/deactivation of STAT3. Reg2/HIP/PAP is therefore a critical mitogenic and antiapoptotic factor for the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Tu Lieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U785, Paris, France
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43
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Hervieu V, Christa L, Gouysse G, Bouvier R, Chayvialle JA, Bréchot C, Scoazec JY. HIP/PAP, a member of the reg family, is expressed in glucagon-producing enteropancreatic endocrine cells and tumors. Hum Pathol 2006; 37:1066-75. [PMID: 16867870 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) protein, a member of the reg family, is constitutively expressed by some specialized epithelial cell subsets in the digestive tract and the pancreas. We performed a detailed analysis of the expression of HIP/PAP protein in normal digestive endocrine cells according to their localization, lineage, and differentiation stage, and in digestive endocrine tumors according to their site of origin and hormonal profile. In both adult and fetal normal tissues, HIP/PAP expression was detected only in endocrine cells of the small intestine, ascending colon, and pancreas. Two different expression patterns were identified: (a) a strong cytoplasmic labeling observed in the endocrine cells of the digestive mucosa and the outer rim of Langerhans islets specialized in the synthesis of glucagon and glucagon-like peptides; (b) a weak cytoplasmic immunoreactivity observed in the other pancreatic endocrine cell populations. HIP/PAP expression was detected in 36 of the 184 cases of digestive endocrine tumors examined; 32 of these cases (89%) were pancreatic. The 2 patterns observed in the normal state were retained: (a) a strong labeling was observed in 5% to 100% of tumor cells in 26 tumors, all expressing glucagon or glucagon-like peptides; (b) a weak labeling was present in 10 tumors, presenting various hormonal profiles. In conclusion, a strong expression of HIP/PAP is characteristic of glucagon-producing normal and neoplastic enteropancreatic endocrine cells. Our results lend further support to the concept that members of the reg family play regulatory roles in various endocrine cell populations and that their expression in endocrine cells is lineage-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Hervieu
- INSERM, U45, IFR62, Faculté Laennec, 69372 Lyon, France; Service Central d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon, France
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Chignard N, Shang S, Wang H, Marrero J, Bréchot C, Hanash S, Beretta L. Cleavage of endoplasmic reticulum proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma: Detection of generated fragments in patient sera. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:2010-22. [PMID: 16762624 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the past decade, there has been a rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a progressive increase in HCC-related mortality in the United States and Western Europe. The poor survival of patients with HCC is largely related to the lack of reliable tools for early diagnosis. METHODS We have applied proteomics tools to the comparative analysis of protein profiles between HCC and adjacent nontumor tissues as a means for discovering novel molecular markers. RESULTS Forty-seven protein spots that showed reproducible variation were identified by mass spectrometry, corresponding to 23 distinct genes. A positive correlation between transcript and protein level variations was observed for only 7 out of the 23 genes. Proteolytic cleavage accounted for the discrepancies between messenger RNA and protein level changes for 7 genes including calreticulin, PDIA3, PDI, and GRP78. We detected a fragment of each of these 4 endoplasmic reticulum proteins in the culture supernatant of the PLC-PRF5 hepatoma cell line, suggesting that their cleavage leads to release of selected cleaved products in the extracellular compartment. We also detected calreticulin and PDIA3 cleavage products in sera of patients with HCC. A statistically highly significant difference in calreticulin and PDIA3 fragment serum levels between patients with HCC and healthy individuals was observed. Amounts of calreticulin and PDIA3 fragments were also significantly different between patients with HCC and at-risk patients (patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis). CONCLUSIONS Specific isoforms in general and cleavage products in particular should therefore be further evaluated as new markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chignard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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45
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Battaglia S, Boucreux D, Nobilet S, Bréchot C, Pavio N. P.190 HCV core variants isolated from liver tumor interact with Smad3 and inhibit the TGF-β pathway. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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46
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Peltekian C, Gordien E, Garreau F, Meas-Yedid V, Soussan P, Willams V, Chaix ML, Olivo-Marin JC, Bréchot C, Kremsdorf D. Human MxA protein participates to the interferon-related inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication in female transgenic mice. J Hepatol 2005; 43:965-72. [PMID: 16168514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The interferon (IFN) inducible MxA protein is endowed with antiviral activity against a broad range of RNA viruses. In a previous in vitro study, we demonstrated that MxA inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, arguing that the antiviral activity of MxA is not restricted to RNA viruses but also includes a DNA virus. The aim of the present study was to further demonstrate in vivo the antiviral action of MxA against HBV. METHODS We generated HBV and HBV/MxA transgenic mice lacking a functional IFN-alpha/beta receptor and thus constituting a good model to evaluate MxA-induced virus resistance. HBV proteins expression, viral load and HBV replication were compared in HBV and HBV/MxA mice. RESULTS An MxA-dependent moderate inhibitory effect on HBV expression was only observed in female HBV/MxA mice, in which MxA downregulates (i) viral HBeAg and capsid protein expression, (ii) viremia and (iii) HBV replication by decreasing the synthesis of HBV DNA replicative intermediates. Furthermore, these effects were not associated with changes to steady-state levels of HBV RNAs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that in vivo, MxA is able per se to reduce HBV expression by a post-transcriptional mechanism, and thus participates in the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Peltekian
- INSERM U370/Institut Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants-Malades, 156, rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Haeffner-Cavaillon
- Département d'Evaluation Scientifique
INSERM101 rue de Tolbiac
75654 PARIS CEDEX 13,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Nicole Haeffner-Cavaillon
| | - Claude Graillot-Gak
- Département d'Evaluation Scientifique
INSERM101 rue de Tolbiac
75654 PARIS CEDEX 13,FR
- Direction Générale
INSERM101 rue de Tolbiac
75654 PARIS CEDEX 13,FR
| | - Christian Bréchot
- Département d'Evaluation Scientifique
INSERM101 rue de Tolbiac
75654 PARIS CEDEX 13,FR
- Direction Générale
INSERM101 rue de Tolbiac
75654 PARIS CEDEX 13,FR
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48
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Lieu HT, Batteux F, Simon MT, Cortes A, Nicco C, Zavala F, Pauloin A, Tralhao JG, Soubrane O, Weill B, Bréchot C, Christa L. HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration and protects against acetaminophen injury in mice. Hepatology 2005; 42:618-26. [PMID: 16116631 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic-associated protein HIP/PAP is a secreted C-type lectin belonging to group VII, according to Drickamer's classification. HIP/PAP is overexpressed in liver carcinoma; however, its functional role remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that HIP/PAP is a paracrine hepatic growth factor promoting both proliferation and viability of liver cells in vivo. First, a low number of implanted hepatocytes deriving from HIP/PAP-transgenic mice (<1:1,000) was sufficient to stimulate overall recipient severe combined immunodeficiency liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. After a single injection of HIP/PAP protein, the percentages of bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and mitosis were statistically higher than after saline injection, indicating that HIP/PAP acts as a paracrine mitogenic growth factor for the liver. Comparison of the early events posthepatectomy in control and transgenic mice indicated that HIP/PAP accelerates the accumulation/degradation of nuclear phospho-signal transducer activator transcription factor 3 and tumor necrosis factor alpha level, thus reflecting that HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration. Second, we showed that 80% of the HIP/PAP-transgenic mice versus 25% of the control mice were protected against lethal acetaminophen-induced fulminate hepatitis. A single injection of recombinant HIP/PAP induced a similar cytoprotective effect, demonstrating the antiapoptotic effect of HIP/PAP. Comparison of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione reductase-like effects in control and transgenic liver mice indicated that HIP/PAP exerts an antioxidant activity and prevents reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial damage by acetaminophen overdose. In conclusion, the present data offer new insights into the biological functions of C-type lectins. In addition, HIP/PAP is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of liver failure.
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MESH Headings
- Acetaminophen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Acetaminophen/toxicity
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/therapeutic use
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/physiology
- Liver Regeneration/drug effects
- Liver Regeneration/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/pathology
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Tu Lieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-370; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 5; Hôpital Necker, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
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49
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major pathogen of chronic hepatitis and liver disease worldwide. Despite the availability of effective vaccines against hepatitis B for many years, over 370 million people remain persistently infected with HBV. Viral persistence is thought to be related to poor HBV-specific T-cell responses. Based on clinical data, the development of efficient methods capable of inducing strong T-cell responses is an important and primary step toward the development of immunotherapeutics against chronic HBV infection. We designed a phase I clinical trial in chronic HBV carriers to assess safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing HBV small (S) and middle (preS2 +S) envelope proteins. After occurrence of lamivudine breakthrough, 10 HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B were followed longitudinally before, during and after DNA vaccine therapy. Immunizations were well tolerated and adverse physical events were mild and considered unrelated to the vaccine. Proliferative responses to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were detected in two patients after DNA injections. Following three injections of vaccine, interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing T-cells specific for the preS2 or the S antigen were detectable in 50 and 100% of the patients, respectively. Each patient recognized at least one peptide within the envelope domain encoded by the vaccine. Anti-preS2 antibodies and seroconversion to anti-HBe were detected in two patients. This study shows evidences for the safety and immunological efficacy of HBV-DNA vaccination and demonstrates that DNA vaccination can restore or activate T-cell responses in chronic HBV carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Mancini-Bourgine
- Carcinogénèse Hépatique et Virologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 370, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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50
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Murakami Y, Saigo K, Takashima H, Minami M, Okanoue T, Bréchot C, Paterlini-Bréchot P. Large scaled analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration in HBV related hepatocellular carcinomas. Gut 2005; 54:1162-8. [PMID: 16009689 PMCID: PMC1774867 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.054452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration into or close to cellular genes is frequently detected in HBV positive hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). We have previously shown that viral integration can lead to aberrant target gene transcription. In this study, we attempted to investigate common pathways to hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS By using a modified Alu-polymerase chain reaction approach, we analysed 50 HCCs along with 10 previously published cases. RESULTS Sixty eight cellular flanking sequences (seven repetitive or unidentified sequences, 42 cellular genes, and 19 sequences potentially coding for unknown proteins) were obtained. Fifteen cancer related genes and 25 cellular genes were identified. HBV integration recurrently targeted the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (three cases) and genes belonging to distinct pathways: calcium signalling related genes, 60s ribosomal protein encoding genes, and platelet derived growth factor and mixed lineage leukaemia encoding genes. Two tumour suppressor genes and five genes involved in the control of apoptosis were also found at the integration site. The viral insertion site was distributed over all chromosomes except 13, X, and Y. CONCLUSIONS In 61/68 (89.7%) cases, HBV DNA was integrated into cellular genes potentially providing cell growth advantage. Identification of recurrent viral integration sites into genes of the same family allows recognition of common cell signalling pathways activated in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukui National Hospital, 33-1 Sakuragaoka, Tsuruga, Fukui 914-0195, Japan.
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