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Buteme R, Nakajiri M, Kucel N, Kabod PN, Sseremba G, Kizito EB. Intraspecific crossability and compatibility within Solanum aethiopicum. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07645. [PMID: 34386622 PMCID: PMC8346643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding hybridization barriers is relevant for germplasm conservation and utilization. The prezygotic barriers to hybridization include floral morphological differences like pistil and stamen length, pollen characteristics and pollen-pistil interactions. This study sought to elucidate the reproductive biology of Solanum aethiopicum; its mating systems and compatibility barriers. Eight genotypes of Solanum aethiopicum were examined for differences in floral morphology, phenology and cross compatibility in a full diallel mating design, with assessment of fruit set, seed set and seed viability. In-vivo pollen tube growth was observed for failed crosses at 24, 48 and 72 h after pollination. All genotypes had heterostyly flowers, with predominantly small white petals. Incompatibility was observed in five out of 39 combinations. All selfed genotypes displayed compatibility implying the genotypes are self-compatible. Pollen–pistil incompatibility, which was exhibited in four out of the five failed cross combinations, occurred on the stigma, upper style and lower style, a phenomenon typical in Solanaceae. Solanum aethiopicum is self-compatible and majorly self-pollinating but has features that support cross-pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Buteme
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 4, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Mary Nakajiri
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 4, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Newton Kucel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 4, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Pamela Nahamya Kabod
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 4, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Sseremba
- National Agricultural Research Organization-NACORRI, P. O. Box 185, Kituza, Mukono, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Balyejusa Kizito
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 4, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
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Lora J, Perez V, Herrero M, Hormaza JI. Ovary Signals for Pollen Tube Guidance in Chalazogamous Mangifera indica L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:601706. [PMID: 33643328 PMCID: PMC7902493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.601706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most flowering plants show porogamy in which the pollen tubes reach the egg apparatus through the micropyle. However, several species show chalazogamy, an unusual pollen tube growth, in which the pollen tubes reach the embryo sac through the chalaza. While ovary signals for pollen tube growth and guidance have been extensively studied in porogamous species, few studies have addressed the process in chalazogamous species such as mango (Mangifera indica L.), one of the five most important fruit crops worldwide in terms of production. In this study, we characterize pollen-pistil interaction in mango, paying special attention to three key players known to be involved in the directional pollen tube growth of porogamous species such as starch, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Starch grains were observed in the style and in the ponticulus at anthesis, but their number decreased 1 day after anthesis. AGPs, revealed by JIM8 and JIM13 antibodies, were homogenously observed in the style and ovary, but were more conspicuous in the nucellus around the egg apparatus. GABA, revealed by anti-GABA antibodies, was specifically observed in the transmitting tissue, including the ponticulus. Moreover, GABA was shown to stimulate in vitro mango pollen tube elongation. The results support the heterotrophic growth of mango pollen tubes in the style at the expense of starch, similarly to the observations in porogamous species. However, unlike porogamous species, the micropyle of mango does not show high levels of GABA and starch, although they were observed in the ponticulus and could play a role in supporting the unusual pollen tube growth in chalazogamous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Subtropical Fruit Crops Department, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
| | - Veronica Perez
- Subtropical Fruit Crops Department, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
- Unidad Técnica del Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, Laboratorio de Agrobiología Juan José Bravo Rodríguez (Cabildo de La Palma), Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Maria Herrero
- Pomology Department, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose I. Hormaza
- Subtropical Fruit Crops Department, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
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Gotelli MM, Lattar EC, Zini LM, Galati BG. Style morphology and pollen tube pathway. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2017; 30:155-170. [PMID: 29116403 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The style morphology and anatomy vary among different species. Three basic types are: open, closed, and semi-closed. Cells involved in the pollen tube pathway in the different types of styles present abundant endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, mitochondria, and ribosomes. These secretory characteristics are related to the secretion where pollen tube grows. This secretion can be represented by the substances either in the canal or in the intercellular matrix or in the cell wall. Most studies suggest that pollen tubes only grow through the secretion of the canal in open styles. However, some species present pollen tubes that penetrate the epithelial cells of the canal, or grow through the middle lamella between these cells and subepithelial cells. In species with a closed style, a pathway is provided by the presence of an extracellular matrix, or by the thickened cell walls of the stylar transmitting tissue. There are reports in some species where pollen tubes can also penetrate the transmitting tissue cells and continue their growth through the cell lumen. In this review, we define subtypes of styles according to the path of the pollen tube. Style types were mapped on an angiosperm phylogenetic tree following the maximum parsimony principle. In line with this, it could be hypothesized that: the open style appeared in the early divergent angiosperms; the closed type of style originated in Asparagales, Poales, and Eudicots; and the semi-closed style appeared in Rosids, Ericales, and Gentianales. The open style seems to have been lost in core Eudicots, with reversions in some Rosids and Asterids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Gotelli
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - E C Lattar
- IBONE-UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
- Cátedra de Morfología de Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCA-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - L M Zini
- IBONE-UNNE-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - B G Galati
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Harder LD, Aizen MA, Richards SA. The population ecology of male gametophytes: the link between pollination and seed production. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:497-509. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D. Harder
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Laboratorio Ecotono; INIBIOMA-CONICET and Centro Regional Bariloche; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Quintral 1250 8400 Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Shane A. Richards
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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Galati BG, Rosenfeldt S, Zarlavsky G, Gotelli MM. Ultrastructure of the stigma and style of Cabomba caroliniana Gray (Cabombaceae). PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:155-62. [PMID: 25791942 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cabomba Aubl. is a genus that presents a range of features that have made it to be considered a potential genetic model for studies of early angiosperm evolution. Therefore, any study that expands our knowledge of this genus is potentially useful for the understanding of the evolution of early angiosperms. This paper reports the study of the anatomy and the ultrastructure of the stigma and the style of Cabomba caroliniana Gray during the 2 days of anthesis using bright-field microscope, fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope. The stigma is dry and has pluricellular papillae. The style is hollow with a central canal coated by an epithelium. The papillae have fewer organelles than those typical of glandular cells, and they are covered by a cuticle that is broken when pollen germinates. The ultrastructure of epithelial cells indicates that the cells lining the canal are secretory. The canal is filled with a fibrillar and granular substance. The pollen tubes grow inside the canal through this substance. The results are discussed in the context of what is known for other species of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Galati
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - S Rosenfeldt
- Depto. Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Zarlavsky
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M M Gotelli
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Silva S, Rodriguez E, Pinto-Carnide O, Martins-Lopes P, Matos M, Guedes-Pinto H, Santos C. Zonal responses of sensitive vs. tolerant wheat roots during Al exposure and recovery. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:760-769. [PMID: 22459322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) irreversibly inhibits root growth in sensitive, but not in some tolerant genotypes. To better understand tolerance mechanisms, seedlings from tolerant ('Barbela 7/72' line) and sensitive ('Anahuac') Triticum aestivum L. genotypes were exposed to AlCl(3) 185 μM for: (a) 24 h followed by 48 h without Al (recovery); (b) 72 h of continuous exposure. Three root zones were analyzed (meristematic (MZ), elongation (EZ) and hairy (HZ)) for callose deposition, reserves (starch and lipids) accumulation, endodermis differentiation and tissue architecture. Putative Al-induced genotoxic or cytostatic/mytogenic effects were assessed by flow cytometry in root apices. Tolerant plants accumulated less Al, presented less root damage and a less generalized callose distribution than sensitive ones. Starch and lipid reserves remained constant in tolerant roots but drastically decreased in sensitive ones. Al induced different profiles of endodermis differentiation: differentiation was promoted in EZ and HZ, respectively, in sensitive and tolerant genotypes. No ploidy changes or clastogenicity were observed. However, differences in cell cycle blockage profiles were detected, being less severe in tolerant roots. After Al removal, only the 'Barbela 7/72' line reversed Al-induced effects to values closer to the control, mostly with respect to callose deposition and cell cycle progression. We demonstrate for the first time that: (a) cell cycle progression is differently regulated by Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes; (b) Al induces callose deposition >3 cm above root apex (in HZ); (c) callose deposition is a transient Al-induced effect in tolerant plants; and (d) in HZ, endodermis differentiation is also stimulated only in tolerant plants, probably functioning in tolerant genotypes as a protective mechanism in addition to callose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Silva
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Structural features of Rhododendron luteum flower. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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