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Hrabovský M, Kubalová S, Mičieta K, Ščevková J. Environmental impacts on intraspecific variation in Ambrosia artemisiifolia genome size in Slovakia, Central Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33960-33974. [PMID: 38693457 PMCID: PMC11136817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The quantity of DNA in angiosperms exhibits variation attributed to many external influences, such as environmental factors, geographical features, or stress factors, which exert constant selection pressure on organisms. Since invasive species possess adaptive capabilities to acclimate to novel environmental conditions, ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) was chosen as a subject for investigating their influence on genome size variation. Slovakia has diverse climatic conditions, suitable for testing the hypothesis that air temperature and precipitation, the main limiting factors of ragweed occurrence, would also have an impact on its genome size. Our results using flow cytometry confirmed this hypothesis and also found a significant association with geographical features such as latitude, altitude, and longitude. We can conclude that plants growing in colder environments farther from oceanic influences exhibit smaller DNA amounts, while optimal growth conditions result in a greater variability in genome size, reflecting the diminished effect of selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hrabovský
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Silvia Kubalová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Mičieta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščevková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Walczyk AM, Hersch-Green EI. Genome-material costs and functional trade-offs in the autopolyploid Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod) series. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16218. [PMID: 37551707 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Increased genome-material costs of N and P atoms inherent to organisms with larger genomes have been proposed to limit growth under nutrient scarcities and to promote growth under nutrient enrichments. Such responsiveness may reflect a nutrient-dependent diploid versus polyploid advantage that could have vast ecological and evolutionary implications, but direct evidence that material costs increase with ploidy level and/or influence cytotype-dependent growth, metabolic, and/or resource-use trade-offs is limited. METHODS We grew diploid, autotetraploid, and autohexaploid Solidago gigantea plants with one of four ambient or enriched N:P ratios and measured traits related to material costs, primary and secondary metabolism, and resource-use. RESULTS Relative to diploids, polyploids invested more N and P into cells, and tetraploids grew more with N enrichments, suggesting that material costs increase with ploidy level. Polyploids also generally exhibited strategies that could minimize material-cost constraints over both long (reduced monoploid genome size) and short (more extreme transcriptome downsizing, reduced photosynthesis rates and terpene concentrations, enhanced N-use efficiencies) evolutionary time periods. Furthermore, polyploids had lower transpiration rates but higher water-use efficiencies than diploids, both of which were more pronounced under nutrient-limiting conditions. CONCLUSIONS N and P material costs increase with ploidy level, but material-cost constraints might be lessened by resource allocation/investment mechanisms that can also alter ecological dynamics and selection. Our results enhance mechanistic understanding of how global increases in nutrients might provide a release from material-cost constraints in polyploids that could impact ploidy (or genome-size)-specific performances, cytogeographic patterning, and multispecies community structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Walczyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
- Biology Department, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, St. Peter, MN, 56082, USA
| | - Erika I Hersch-Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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Hutang GR, Tong Y, Zhu XG, Gao LZ. Genome size variation and polyploidy prevalence in the genus Eragrostis are associated with the global dispersal in arid area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1066925. [PMID: 36993864 PMCID: PMC10040770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1066925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologists have long debated the drivers of the genome size evolution and variation ever since Darwin. Assumptions for the adaptive or maladaptive consequences of the associations between genome sizes and environmental factors have been proposed, but the significance of these hypotheses remains controversial. Eragrostis is a large genus in the grass family and is often used as crop or forage during the dry seasons. The wide range and complex ploidy levels make Eragrostis an excellent model for investigating how the genome size variation and evolution is associated with environmental factors and how these changes can ben interpreted. METHODS We reconstructed the Eragrostis phylogeny and estimated genome sizes through flow cytometric analyses. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were performed to explore how genome size variation and evolution is related to their climatic niches and geographical ranges. The genome size evolution and environmental factors were examined using different models to study the phylogenetic signal, mode and tempo throughout evolutionary history. RESULTS Our results support the monophyly of Eragrostis. The genome sizes in Eragrostis ranged from ~0.66 pg to ~3.80 pg. We found that a moderate phylogenetic conservatism existed in terms of the genome sizes but was absent from environmental factors. In addition, phylogeny-based associations revealed close correlations between genome sizes and precipitation-related variables, indicating that the genome size variation mainly caused by polyploidization may have evolved as an adaptation to various environments in the genus Eragrostis. CONCLUSION This is the first study to take a global perspective on the genome size variation and evolution in the genus Eragrostis. Our results suggest that the adaptation and conservatism are manifested in the genome size variation, allowing the arid species of Eragrostis to spread the xeric area throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Ran Hutang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun-Ge Zhu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Zhi Gao
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crop Varieties, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Senderowicz M, Nowak T, Rojek-Jelonek M, Bisaga M, Papp L, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Kolano B. Descending Dysploidy and Bidirectional Changes in Genome Size Accompanied Crepis (Asteraceae) Evolution. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1436. [PMID: 34573417 PMCID: PMC8472258 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Five different base chromosome numbers (x = 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11) were observed. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 6 as the ancestral state and the descending dysploidy as the major direction of the chromosome base number evolution. The derived base chromosome numbers (x = 5, 4, and 3) were found to have originated independently and recurrently in the different lineages of the genus. A few independent events of increases in karyotype asymmetry were inferred to have accompanied the karyotype evolution in Crepis. The genome sizes of 33 Crepis species differed seven-fold and the ancestral genome size was reconstructed to be 1C = 3.44 pg. Both decreases and increases in the genome size were inferred to have occurred within and between the lineages. The data suggest that, in addition to dysploidy, the amplification/elimination of various repetitive DNAs was likely involved in the genome and taxa differentiation in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Senderowicz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Teresa Nowak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Maciej Bisaga
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Laszlo Papp
- Eötvös Loránd University Botanical Garden, Illés u. 25, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Bozena Kolano
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
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Cacho NI, McIntyre PJ, Kliebenstein DJ, Strauss SY. Genome size evolution is associated with climate seasonality and glucosinolates, but not life history, soil nutrients or range size, across a clade of mustards. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:887-902. [PMID: 33675229 PMCID: PMC8225284 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigate patterns of evolution of genome size across a morphologically and ecologically diverse clade of Brassicaceae, in relation to ecological and life history traits. While numerous hypotheses have been put forward regarding autecological and environmental factors that could favour small vs. large genomes, a challenge in understanding genome size evolution in plants is that many hypothesized selective agents are intercorrelated. METHODS We contribute genome size estimates for 47 species of Streptanthus Nutt. and close relatives, and take advantage of many data collections for this group to assemble data on climate, life history, soil affinity and composition, geographic range and plant secondary chemistry to identify simultaneous correlates of variation in genome size in an evolutionary framework. We assess models of evolution across clades and use phylogenetically informed analyses as well as model selection and information criteria approaches to identify variables that can best explain genome size variation in this clade. KEY RESULTS We find differences in genome size and heterogeneity in its rate of evolution across subclades of Streptanthus and close relatives. We show that clade-wide genome size is positively associated with climate seasonality and glucosinolate compounds. Model selection and information criteria approaches identify a best model that includes temperature seasonality and fraction of aliphatic glucosinolates, suggesting a possible role for genome size in climatic adaptation or a role for biotic interactions in shaping the evolution of genome size. We find no evidence supporting hypotheses of life history, range size or soil nutrients as forces shaping genome size in this system. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest climate seasonality and biotic interactions as potential forces shaping the evolution of genome size and highlight the importance of evaluating multiple factors in the context of phylogeny to understand the effect of possible selective agents on genome size.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ivalú Cacho
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Evolution of Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J McIntyre
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- NatureServe, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- DynaMo Centre of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sharon Y Strauss
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
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Malik RA, Gupta RC, Singh V, Bala S, Kumari S. New chromosome reports in Lamiaceae of Kashmir (Northwest Himalaya), India. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:971-985. [PMID: 27525411 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic studies and chromosome data are imperative in order to have an overall germplasm evaluation of a taxon. In the present effort, the meiotic study is carried out in 48 populations belonging to 26 species of Lamiaceae collected from their natural habitats in Kashmir Himalaya, which forms an important part of Northwest Himalaya. Chromosome counts in the five species viz. Dracocephalum nutans (2n = 10), Lycopus europaeus (2n = 22), Marrubium vulgare (2n = 54), Nepeta nervosa (2n = 18) and Salvia sclarea (2n = 22) are first time reported from India. Besides, 17 species are cytologically evaluated for the first time from the study area-Kashmir Himalaya. In Marrubium vulgare, hexaploid cytotype (2n = 6 × =54) is reported for the first time. Also, diploid and tetraploid cytomorphovariants are observed in Calamintha vulgaris (2n = 20, 40), Elsholtzia ciliata (2n = 16, 32) and Mentha longifolia (2n = 20, 40). Various meiotic abnormalities like chromatin stickiness, cytomixis, nonsynchronous disjunction, laggards, chromatin bridges, etc. leading to pollen abnormalities have been documented for the first time in some species. The worldwide status of chromosome number data in each genus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Santosh Bala
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Santosh Kumari
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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Galdeano F, Urbani MH, Sartor ME, Honfi AI, Espinoza F, Quarin CL. Relative DNA content in diploid, polyploid, and multiploid species of Paspalum (Poaceae) with relation to reproductive mode and taxonomy. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:697-710. [PMID: 26965283 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that polyploids have downsized basic genomes rather than additive values with respect to their related diploids. Changes in genome size have been reported in correlation with several biological characteristics. About 75 % of around 350 species recognized for Paspalum (Poaceae) are polyploid and most polyploids are apomictic. Multiploid species are common with most of them bearing sexual diploid and apomictic tetraploid or other ploidy levels. DNA content in the embryo and the endosperm was measured by flow cytometry in a seed-by-seed analysis of 47 species including 77 different entities. The relative DNA content of the embryo informed the genome size of the accession while the embryo:endosperm ratio of DNA content revealed its reproductive mode. The genome sizes (2C-value) varied from 0.5 to 6.5 pg and for 29 species were measured for the first time. Flow cytometry provided new information on the reproductive mode for 12 species and one botanical variety and supplied new data for 10 species concerning cytotypes reported for the first time. There was no significant difference between the mean basic genome sizes (1Cx-values) of 32 sexual and 45 apomictic entities. Seventeen entities were diploid and 60 were polyploids with different degrees. There were no clear patterns of changes in 1Cx-values due to polyploidy or reproductive systems, and the existing variations are in concordance with subgeneric taxonomical grouping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Galdeano
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - M H Urbani
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - M E Sartor
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - A I Honfi
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET-UNaM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Rivadavia 2370, 3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - F Espinoza
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - C L Quarin
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CONICET-UNNE, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, FCA-UNNE, J.B. Cabral 2131, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
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Enke N, Kunze R, Pustahija F, Glöckner G, Zimmermann J, Oberländer J, Kamari G, Siljak-Yakovlev S. Genome size shifts: karyotype evolution in Crepis section Neglectoides (Asteraceae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:775-786. [PMID: 25683604 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant genome size evolution is a very dynamic process: the ancestral genome of angiosperms was initially most likely small, which led to a tendency towards genome increase during evolution. However, findings in several angiosperm lineages demonstrate mechanisms that also led to genome size contraction. Recent molecular investigations on the Asteraceae genus Crepis suggest that several genomic reduction events have occurred during the evolution of the genus. This study focuses on the Mediterranean Crepis sect. Neglectoides, which includes three species with some of the smallest genomes within the whole genus. Crepis neglecta has the largest genome in sect. Neglectoides, approximately twice the size of the two species Crepis cretica and Crepis hellenica. Whereas C. cretica and C. hellencia are more closely related to each other than to C. neglecta the karyotypes of the latter species and C. cretica are similar, while that of C. hellenica differs considerably. Here, the karyotypic organisation of the three species is investigated with fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and studied in a molecular phylogenetic framework based on the nuclear markers Actin, CHR12, CPN60B, GPCR1 and XTH23. Our findings further corroborate the occurrence of genome size contraction in Crepis, and suggest that the difference in genome size between C. neglecta and C. cretica is mostly due to elimination of dispersed repetitive elements, whereas chromosomal reorganisation was involved in the karyotype formation of C. hellenica.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Enke
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Kunze
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie - Angewandte Genetik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Pustahija
- CNRS, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - G Glöckner
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Molecular Biology Group, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zimmermann
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- AG Spezielle Botanik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Oberländer
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie - Angewandte Genetik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Kamari
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - S Siljak-Yakovlev
- CNRS, Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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Chung KS, Hipp AL, Roalson EH. CHROMOSOME NUMBER EVOLVES INDEPENDENTLY OF GENOME SIZE IN A CLADE WITH NONLOCALIZED CENTROMERES (CAREX: CYPERACEAE). Evolution 2012; 66:2708-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Enke N, Gemeinholzer B, Zidorn C. Molecular and phytochemical systematics of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-011-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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