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Yucel G, Betekhtin A, Cabi E, Tuna M, Hasterok R, Kolano B. The Chromosome Number and rDNA Loci Evolution in Onobrychis (Fabaceae). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911033. [PMID: 36232345 PMCID: PMC9570107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of chromosome number and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci number and localisation were studied in Onobrychis Mill. Diploid and tetraploid species, as well as two basic chromosome numbers, x = 7 and x = 8, were observed among analysed taxa. The chromosomal distribution of rDNA loci was presented here for the first time using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with 5S and 35S rDNA probes. Onobrychis species showed a high polymorphism in the number and localisation of rDNA loci among diploids, whereas the rDNA loci pattern was very similar in polyploids. Phylogenetic relationships among the species, inferred from nrITS sequences, were used as a framework to reconstruct the patterns of basic chromosome number and rDNA loci evolution. Analysis of the evolution of the basic chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 8 as the ancestral number and the descending dysploidy and polyploidisation as the major mechanisms of the chromosome number evolution. Analyses of chromosomal patterns of rRNA gene loci in a phylogenetic context resulted in the reconstruction of one locus of 5S rDNA and one locus of 35S rDNA in the interstitial chromosomal position as the ancestral state in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulru Yucel
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55200, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey
| | - Alexander Betekhtin
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Evren Cabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey
| | - Metin Tuna
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey
| | - Robert Hasterok
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bozena Kolano
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Borowska-Zuchowska N, Senderowicz M, Trunova D, Kolano B. Tracing the Evolution of the Angiosperm Genome from the Cytogenetic Point of View. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11060784. [PMID: 35336666 PMCID: PMC8953110 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetics constitutes a branch of genetics that is focused on the cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to heredity and genome structure, function and evolution. The use of modern cytogenetic approaches and the latest microscopes with image acquisition and processing systems enables the simultaneous two- or three-dimensional, multicolour visualisation of both single-copy and highly-repetitive sequences in the plant genome. The data that is gathered using the cytogenetic methods in the phylogenetic background enable tracing the evolution of the plant genome that involve changes in: (i) genome sizes; (ii) chromosome numbers and morphology; (iii) the content of repetitive sequences and (iv) ploidy level. Modern cytogenetic approaches such as FISH using chromosome- and genome-specific probes have been widely used in studies of the evolution of diploids and the consequences of polyploidy. Nowadays, modern cytogenetics complements analyses in other fields of cell biology and constitutes the linkage between genetics, molecular biology and genomics.
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Senderowicz M, Nowak T, Rojek-Jelonek M, Bisaga M, Papp L, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Kolano B. Descending Dysploidy and Bidirectional Changes in Genome Size Accompanied Crepis (Asteraceae) Evolution. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1436. [PMID: 34573417 PMCID: PMC8472258 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Five different base chromosome numbers (x = 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11) were observed. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 6 as the ancestral state and the descending dysploidy as the major direction of the chromosome base number evolution. The derived base chromosome numbers (x = 5, 4, and 3) were found to have originated independently and recurrently in the different lineages of the genus. A few independent events of increases in karyotype asymmetry were inferred to have accompanied the karyotype evolution in Crepis. The genome sizes of 33 Crepis species differed seven-fold and the ancestral genome size was reconstructed to be 1C = 3.44 pg. Both decreases and increases in the genome size were inferred to have occurred within and between the lineages. The data suggest that, in addition to dysploidy, the amplification/elimination of various repetitive DNAs was likely involved in the genome and taxa differentiation in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Senderowicz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Teresa Nowak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Maciej Bisaga
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
| | - Laszlo Papp
- Eötvös Loránd University Botanical Garden, Illés u. 25, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Bozena Kolano
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.S.); (T.N.); (M.R.-J.); (M.B.)
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Desta ZA, Kolano B, Shamim Z, Armstrong SJ, Rewers M, Sliwinska E, Kushwaha SK, Parkin IAP, Ortiz R, de Koning DJ. Field cress genome mapping: Integrating linkage and comparative maps with cytogenetic analysis for rDNA carrying chromosomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17028. [PMID: 31745130 PMCID: PMC6863836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Field cress (Lepidium campestre L.), despite its potential as a sustainable alternative oilseed plant, has been underutilized, and no prior attempts to characterize the genome at the genetic or molecular cytogenetic level have been conducted. Genetic maps are the foundation for anchoring and orienting annotated genome assemblies and positional cloning of candidate genes. Our principal goal was to construct a genetic map using integrated approaches of genetic, comparative and cytogenetic map analyses. In total, 503 F2 interspecific hybrid individuals were genotyped using 7,624 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Comparative analysis demonstrated that ~57% of the sequenced loci in L. campestre were congruent with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) genome and suggested a novel karyotype, which predates the ancestral crucifer karyotype. Aceto-orcein chromosome staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses confirmed that L. campestre, L. heterophyllum Benth. and their hybrids had a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that both species possess 2C roughly 0.4 picogram DNA. Integrating linkage and comparative maps with cytogenetic map analyses assigned two linkage groups to their particular chromosomes. Future work could incorporate FISH utilizing A. thaliana mapped BAC clones to allow the chromosomes of field cress to be identified reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeratsion Abera Desta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundesvagen 10, Box 101, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Bozena Kolano
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zeeshan Shamim
- Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur AJK, Pakistan.,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B 15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Armstrong
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B 15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Rewers
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego Ave. 7, 85-789, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego Ave. 7, 85-789, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Kushwaha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundesvagen 10, Box 101, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Isobel A P Parkin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N0X2, Canada
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundesvagen 10, Box 101, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Dirk-Jan de Koning
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Maragheh FP, Janus D, Senderowicz M, Haliloglu K, Kolano B. Karyotype analysis of eight cultivated Allium species. J Appl Genet 2018; 60:1-11. [PMID: 30353472 PMCID: PMC6373409 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The karyotypes of Allium, a genus that comprises many crops and ornamental plants, are relatively poorly studied. To extend our knowledge on karyotype structure of the genus, the chromosomal organization of rRNA genes and CMA/DAPI bands was studied. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 35S rDNA probes and banding methods (silver staining and CMA3/DAPI staining) were used to analyze the karyotypes of eight cultivated Allium L. species. Analyzed Allium taxa revealed three different basic chromosome numbers (x = 7, 8, 9) and three different ploidy levels (diploid, triploid, and tetraploid). The rDNA sites chromosomal organization is reported the first time for the six species (A. moly, A. oreophilum, A. karataviense, A. nigrum, A. sphaerocephalon, A. porrum). The Allium species that were analyzed showed a high level of interspecies polymorphism in the number and localization of the rDNA sites. The fluorescence in situ hybridization patterns of 35S rDNA sites were more polymorphic than those of the 5S rDNA in the diploid species. Several groups of similar chromosomes could be distinguished among the chromosomes that had rDNA sites in the polyploid species. Each of the groups had three chromosomes (triploid A. sphaerocephalon L.) or four chromosomes (tetraploid A. porrum L.) suggesting their autopolyploid origin. In the genomes of four of the analyzed species, only some of the 35S rDNA sites were transcriptionally active. Fluorochrome banding revealed that the CMA3+ bands were associated with the 35S rDNA sites in all of the species that were analyzed, except A. fistulosum L. in which positive CMA3+ bands were detected in the terminal position of all of the chromosome arms. The rDNA sequences, nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and CMA/DAPI bands are very good chromosome markers that allowed to distinguished from two to five pairs of homologous chromosomes in analyzed Allium species. The karyotypes of the studied species could be clearly distinguished by the number and position of the rDNA sites, NORs, and CMA/DAPI bands, which revealed high interspecific differentiation among the taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Pordel Maragheh
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.,Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Daniel Janus
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Senderowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamil Haliloglu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bozena Kolano
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
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Orzechowska M, Majka M, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Kovařík A, Borowska-Zuchowska N, Kolano B. Organization and evolution of two repetitive sequences, 18-24J and 12-13P, in the genome of Chenopodium (Amaranthaceae). Genome 2018; 61:643-652. [PMID: 30067084 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and chromosomal organization of two repetitive sequences named 12-13P and 18-24J were analyzed in 24 diploid and nine polyploid species of Chenopodium s.l., with special attention to Chenopodium s.s. Both sequences were predominantly present in species of Chenopodium s.s.; however, differences in the amplification levels were observed among the species. The 12-13P repeat was highly amplified in all of the analyzed Eurasian species, whereas the American diploids showed a marked variation in the amplification levels. The 12-13P repeat contains a tandemly arranged 40 bp minisatellite element forming a large proportion of the genome of Chenopodium (up to 3.5%). FISH revealed its localization to the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. The chromosomal distribution of 12-13P delivered additional chromosomal marker for B-genome diploids. The 18-24J repeat showed a dispersed organization in all of the chromosomes of the analyzed diploid species and the Eurasian tetraploids. In the American allotetraploids (C. quinoa, C. berlandieri) and Eurasian allohexaploids (e.g., C. album) very intense hybridization signals of 18-24J were observed only on 18 chromosomes that belong to the B subgenome of these polyploids. Combined cytogenetic and molecular analyses suggests that reorganization of these two repeats accompanied the diversification and speciation of diploid (especially A genome) and polyploid species of Chenopodium s.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Orzechowska
- a Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28,40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Majka
- a Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28,40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- b Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ales Kovařík
- c Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Borowska-Zuchowska
- a Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28,40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bozena Kolano
- a Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28,40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Kolano B, McCann J, Orzechowska M, Siwinska D, Temsch E, Weiss-Schneeweiss H. Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for an allotetraploid origin of Chenopodium quinoa and C. berlandieri (Amaranthaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:109-123. [PMID: 27063253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most of the cultivated chenopods are polyploids, but their origin and evolutionary history are still poorly understood. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of four plastid regions, nrITS and nuclear 5S rDNA spacer region (NTS) of two tetraploid chenopods (2n=4x=36), Andean C. quinoa and North American C. berlandieri, and their diploid relatives allowed inferences of their origin. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed allotetraploid origin of both tetraploids involving diploids of two different genomic groups (genomes A and B) and suggested that these two might share very similar parentage. The hypotheses on the origin of the two allopolyploid species were further tested using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Several diploid Chenopodium species belonging to the two lineages, genome A and B, suggested by phylogenetic analyses, were tested as putative parental taxa. GISH differentiated two sets of parental chromosomes in both tetraploids and further corroborated their allotetraploid origin. Putative diploid parental taxa have been suggested by GISH for C. quinoa and C. berlandieri. Genome sizes of the analyzed allotetraploids fit nearly perfectly the expected additive values of the putative parental taxa. Directional and uniparental loss of rDNA loci of the maternal A-subgenome was revealed for both C. berlandieri and C. quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kolano
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jamie McCann
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Orzechowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Siwinska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Eva Temsch
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
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Chartier M, Liagre S, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Kolano B, Bessière JM, Schönenberger J, Gibernau M. Floral traits and pollination ecology of European Arum hybrids. Oecologia 2015; 180:439-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kolano B, Bednara E, Weiss-Schneeweiss H. Isolation and characterization of reverse transcriptase fragments of LTR retrotransposons from the genome of Chenopodium quinoa (Amaranthaceae). Plant Cell Rep 2013; 32:1575-1588. [PMID: 23754338 PMCID: PMC3778962 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High heterogeneity was observed among conserved domains of reverse transcriptase ( rt ) isolated from quinoa. Only one Ty1- copia rt was highly amplified. Reverse transcriptase sequences were located predominantly in pericentromeric region of quinoa chromosomes. The heterogeneity, genomic abundance, and chromosomal distribution of reverse transcriptase (rt)-coding fragments of Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons were analyzed in the Chenopodium quinoa genome. Conserved domains of the rt gene were amplified and characterized using degenerate oligonucleotide primer pairs. Sequence analyses indicated that half of Ty1-copia rt (51 %) and 39 % of Ty3-gypsy rt fragments contained intact reading frames. High heterogeneity among rt sequences was observed for both Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy rt amplicons, with Ty1-copia more heterogeneous than Ty3-gypsy. Most of the isolated rt fragments were present in quinoa genome in low copy numbers, with only one highly amplified Ty1-copia rt sequence family. The gypsy-like RNase H fragments co-amplified with Ty1-copia-degenerate primers were shown to be highly amplified in the quinoa genome indicating either higher abundance of some gypsy families of which rt domains could not be amplified, or independent evolution of this gypsy-region in quinoa. Both Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons were preferentially located in pericentromeric heterochromatin of quinoa chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses of newly amplified rt fragments together with well-characterized retrotransposon families from other organisms allowed identification of major lineages of retroelements in the genome of quinoa and provided preliminary insight into their evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kolano
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland,
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Kwasniewska J, Grabowska M, Kwasniewski M, Kolano B. Comet-FISH with rDNA probes for the analysis of mutagen-induced DNA damage in plant cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 2012; 53:369-375. [PMID: 22556029 DOI: 10.1002/em.21699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We used comet-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the model plant species Crepis capillaris following exposure of seedlings to maleic hydrazide (MH). FISH with 5S and 25S rDNA probes was applied to comets obtained under alkaline conditions to establish whether these DNA regions were preferentially involved in comet tail formation. MH treatment induced significant fragmentation of nuclear DNA and of rDNA loci. A 24-h post-treatment recovery period allowed a partial reversibility of MH-induced damage on nuclear and rDNA regions. Analyses of FISH signals demonstrated that rDNA sequences were always involved in tail formation and that 5S rDNA was more frequently present in the tail than 25S rDNA, regardless of treatment. The involvement of 25S rDNA in nucleolus formation and differences in chromatin structure between the two loci may explain the different susceptibility of the 25S and 5S rDNA regions to migrate into the tail. This work is the first report on the application of FISH to comet preparations from plants to analyze the distribution and repair of DNA damage within specific genomic regions after mutagenic treatment. Moreover, our work suggests that comet-FISH in plants may be a useful tool for environmental monitoring assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kwasniewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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Kolano B, Gardunia BW, Michalska M, Bonifacio A, Fairbanks D, Maughan PJ, Coleman CE, Stevens MR, Jellen EN, Maluszynska J. Chromosomal localization of two novel repetitive sequences isolated from the Chenopodium quinoa Willd. genome. Genome 2011; 54:710-7. [PMID: 21848446 DOI: 10.1139/g11-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal organization of two novel repetitive DNA sequences isolated from the Chenopodium quinoa Willd. genome was analyzed across the genomes of selected Chenopodium species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with the repetitive DNA clone 18-24J in the closely related allotetraploids C. quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. (2n = 4x = 36) evidenced hybridization signals that were mainly present on 18 chromosomes; however, in the allohexaploid Chenopodium album L. (2n = 6x = 54), cross-hybridization was observed on all of the chromosomes. In situ hybridization with rRNA gene probes indicated that during the evolution of polyploidy, the chenopods lost some of their rDNA loci. Reprobing with rDNA indicated that in the subgenome labeled with 18-24J, one 35S rRNA locus and at least half of the 5S rDNA loci were present. A second analyzed sequence, 12-13P, localized exclusively in pericentromeric regions of each chromosome of C. quinoa and related species. The intensity of the FISH signals differed considerably among chromosomes. The pattern observed on C. quinoa chromosomes after FISH with 12-13P was very similar to GISH results, suggesting that the 12-13P sequence constitutes a major part of the repetitive DNA of C. quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kolano
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of several populations of Centaurea jacea (2n = 4x = 44), C. oxylepis (2n = 4x = 44) and C. phrygia (2n = 2x = 22) was performed using flow cytometry, differential chromosome staining and FISH. In all species Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats hybridized only to the terminal part of chromosomes. In C. phrygia three pairs and in C. oxylepis six pairs of chromosomes revealed the hybridization signals of 45S rDNA. Centaurea jacea showed polymorphism in the 45S rDNA loci number, five or six pairs of sites were observed. 5S rDNA loci were located in two pairs of chromosomes in C. phrygia. In C. jacea and C. oxylepis the number and position of 5S rDNA loci were the same: three pairs located interstitially and one terminally. The genome size of the diploid C. phrygia was established as 2.14 pg/2C. The genomes of tetraploid species were nearly two times larger and genome size polymorphism was observed among C. jacea populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dydak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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