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Arjmand K, Daneshi E, Pourmasumi S, Fathi F, Nasseri S, Sabeti P. Evaluation of the Effect of Vitamin E on Reproductive Parameters in Morphine-Treated Male Mice. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:177-184. [PMID: 38026720 PMCID: PMC10658105 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Morphine is a narcotic pain reliever that is prescribed to reduce postoperative pain and can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, it can have negative effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant which plays an important role in membrane lipid peroxidation due to increased ROS. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E and morphine on sperm parameters, level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and diameter of seminiferous tubules in morphine-treated mice. Methods In this experimental study, 80 mice were divided into ten groups (n=8) including control, normal saline, vehicle, morphine, various doses of vitamin E (100, 200, 300 mg/kg), and morphine plus vitamin E (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) groups. The groups were followed up for 30 consecutive days. Sperm parameters, testis weight, the diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the level of MDA were analyzed and compared. Findings Data analysis showed seminal parameters decreased significantly (excluding sperm count) and there was an increase in the level of MDA in morphine-treated mice compared with the normal saline group (P<0.05). Administration of E100 to morphinetreated mice did not show a significant difference in the evaluated parameters compared with the morphine group. However, E200 and E300 significantly reduced MDA and improved sperm parameters (P≤0.05). Conclusion The results showed co-administration of vitamin E in high doses (200 & 300) could prevent the deleterious effects of morphine on some reproductive parameters and decrease the level of MDA in morphine-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Arjmand
- Masters student, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Erfan Daneshi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Soheila Pourmasumi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sherko Nasseri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parvin Sabeti
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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2
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Moretti E, Signorini C, Corsaro R, Giamalidi M, Collodel G. Human Sperm as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements during Sperm Handling: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051098. [PMID: 37237965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa are highly differentiated cells that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to aerobic metabolism. Below a certain threshold, ROS are important in signal transduction pathways and cellular physiological processes, whereas ROS overproduction damages spermatozoa. Sperm manipulation and preparation protocols during assisted reproductive procedures-for example, cryopreservation-can result in excessive ROS production, exposing these cells to oxidative damage. Thus, antioxidants are a relevant topic in sperm quality. This narrative review focuses on human spermatozoa as an in vitro model to study which antioxidants can be used to supplement media. The review comprises a brief presentation of the human sperm structure, a general overview of the main items of reduction-oxidation homeostasis and the ambivalent relationship between spermatozoa and ROS. The main body of the paper deals with studies in which human sperm have been used as an in vitro model to test antioxidant compounds, including natural extracts. The presence and the synergic effects of different antioxidant molecules could potentially lead to more effective products in vitro and, in the future, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moretti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Corsaro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Giamalidi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Giulia Collodel
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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3
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Ghasemian Nafchi H, Azizi Y, Amjadi F, Halvaei I. In vitro effects of plasma rich in growth factors on human teratozoospermic semen samples. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36919463 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2023.2180455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a correlation between teratozoospermia and production of reactive oxygen species leading to poor assisted reproductive techniques outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effect of plasma-rich in growth factors (PRGF) on teratozoospermic samples. Twenty-five teratozoospermic samples were included in this study. After sperm preparation, it was divided into four groups, including 0 (control), 1, 5, and 10% PRGF. Sperm motility, viability (eosin-nigrosin staining), morphology (Papanicolaou staining), DNA fragmentation (sperm chromatin dispersion test), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 staining by flow cytometry), and lipid peroxidation (measurement of malondialdehyde, MDA) were evaluated before and after 1 h of incubation with or without PRGF. Our results showed that after 1 h of incubation, the addition of 1% PRGF improved sperm progressive motility (47.72 ± 13.76%) compared to the control group (17.36 ± 8.50%) (p < 0.001). Also, 1% PRGF preserved the sperm's total motility (77.50 ± 13.28% vs. 65.63 ± 19.03%, for 1% PRGF and control, respectively) and viability after incubation. The rate of normal sperm morphology was the same between different groups. Higher mitochondrial membrane potential and lower DNA fragmentation were also observed in sperm treated with different concentrations of PRGF compared to the control group, but the differences were non-significant. The MDA levels were significantly decreased in PRGF-treated groups compared to the control group (0.99 ± 0.62, 0.95 ± 0.33, 0.95 ± 0.79, and 1.49 ± 0.27 for 1% PRGF, 5% PRGF, 10% PRGF and control, respectively). Based on our results, it seems that PRGF incubation can improve sperm parameters and especially decrease the level of malondialdehyde as an indicator of oxidative stress, which is one of the main problems of teratozoospermic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaser Azizi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amjadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Halvaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Abedi B, Tayefi-Nasrabadi H, Kianifard D, Basaki M, Shahbazfar AA, Piri A, Dolatyarieslami M. The effect of co-administration of artemisinin and N-acetyl cysteine on antioxidant status, spermatological parameters and histopathology of testis in adult male mice. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023:hmbci-2022-0050. [PMID: 36749578 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vivo study aimed to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of artemisinin (Art) alone or together with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on spermatological indices, antioxidant status, and histopathological parameters of testicular tissue in adult male mice. METHODS Six groups of five healthy male mice (25-30 g) were randomly assigned to different experimental groups. These groups received DMSO and corn oil (0.1%) as an Art solvent (Control), 50 mg kg-1 Art (Art-50), 250 mg kg-1 Art (Art-250), 50 mg kg-1 Art + 150 mg kg-1 NAC (Art-50+NAC-150), 250 mg kg-1 Art + 150 mg kg-1 NAC (Art-250+NAC-150) and 150 mg kg-1 NAC (NAC-150) for a period of 7 days. Testes and epididymis were prepared to evaluate the malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), spermatological indices, and histological parameters. RESULTS We showed that the high dose of Art (Art-250) significantly reduced the sperm count, motility, viability, and the activity of CAT and increased the levels of MDA compared to the control group. Also, the overdose of Art caused adverse changes in testicular tissue. Co-administration of NAC with Art (Art-250+NAC-150) corrected the adverse effects of Art. CONCLUSIONS The current study reports that a high dose of Art affects, spermatological parameters, antioxidant/stress oxidative status of the male reproductive system, and NAC is capable neutralize all adverse effects caused by Art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abedi
- Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Tayefi-Nasrabadi
- Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Kianifard
- Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Basaki
- Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aiyoub Piri
- Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Dolatyarieslami
- Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Pereira SC, Moreira MV, Silva BM, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Roles of Oxidative Stress in the Male Reproductive System: Potential of Antioxidant Supplementation for Infertility Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:259-274. [PMID: 36472827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The decline of fertility in modern society is a serious worldwide concern, and the reasons behind it are complex and difficult to unveil. The fact that a big percentage of infertility cases remain diagnosed as idiopathic, turn the strategies to treat such conditions very limited. Nevertheless, one must agree that keeping the oxidative balance of the reproductive tissues should be one of the first lines of treatment for infertile patients. As reported, 30-80% of male infertile individuals present high levels of prooxidant species in the seminal fluid. Thus, antioxidant therapies, which consist of dietary supplementation therapy with one or more antioxidant compound, remain the first step in the treatment of male infertility. Nevertheless, the efficacy of such therapies is variable between individuals. The most common prescribed antioxidants are carnitines and vitamins C and E, but recently phytochemical quercetin has emerged as a potential compound for the treatment of oxidative stress in the male reproductive system. Although there are several animals' evidence about the great potential of quercetin for the treatment of infertility, clinical trials on this subject remain scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Pereira
- Department of Anatomy, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda V Moreira
- Department of Anatomy, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Branca M Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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Sperm Oxidative Stress during In Vitro Manipulation and Its Effects on Sperm Function and Embryo Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071025. [PMID: 34202126 PMCID: PMC8300781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at low levels during mitochondrial respiration have key roles in several signaling pathways. Oxidative stress (OS) arises when the generation of ROS exceeds the cell's antioxidant scavenging ability and leads to cell damage. Physiological ROS production in spermatozoa regulates essential functional characteristics such as motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, hyperactivation, and sperm-oocyte fusion. OS can have detrimental effects on sperm function through lipid peroxidation, protein damage, and DNA strand breakage, which can eventually affect the fertility of an individual. Substantial evidence in the literature indicates that spermatozoa experiencing OS during in vitro manipulation procedures in human- and animal-assisted reproduction are increasingly associated with iatrogenic ROS production and eventual impairment of sperm function. Although a direct association between sperm OS and human assisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is still a matter of debate, studies in animal models provide enough evidence on the adverse effects of sperm OS in vitro and defective fertilization and embryo development. This review summarized the literature on sperm OS in vitro, its effects on functional ability and embryo development, and the approaches that have been proposed to reduce iatrogenic sperm damage and altered embryonic development.
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Fanaei H, Pourbakht A, Jafarzadeh S. Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion and Cochlear Oxidative Stress and Hearing Loss in Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:821-829. [PMID: 33850619 PMCID: PMC8019843 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.6.1154.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bilateral carotid artery occlusion on cochlear oxidative stress and hearing status in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into two sets. The first set was used for electrophysiological recording (click and 4 kHz tone burst auditory brainstem responses and electrocochleography) on the day before surgery and then on the first, fourth, and seventh days after surgery. Animals of the second set were used for biochemical analysis. The cochlea of animals in the second set was collected on the first, fourth, and seventh days after carotids occlusion for biochemical analysis. For the control groups, no carotids occlusion was done. For ischemia induction, both common carotid arteries were occluded for 20 minutes. Results: Electrophysiological analysis showed that burst auditory brainstem thresholds significantly elevated after common carotid arteries occlusion on the first, fourth, and seventh days after surgery with abnormal electrocochleography results at 75%, 70%, and 85% on the first, fourth, and seventh days after surgery, respectively. The electrophysiological finding confirmed by biochemical results that showed malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased after occlusion in cochlea tissue. Conclusion: This study showed that bilateral common carotid artery occlusion increases cochlear oxidative stress and induces hearing loss in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Fanaei
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Akram Pourbakht
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarzadeh
- Department of Audiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Arab D, Doustmohammadi H, Ardestani Zadeh A. Dietary supplements in the management of varicocele-induced infertility: A review of potential mechanisms. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13879. [PMID: 33108825 DOI: 10.1111/and.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is a main cause of lower production of spermatozoon and infertility with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. In the past decades, the use of dietary supplements has significantly increased due to both the modern lifestyle and the food shortages of the industrialised countries. The purpose of this review paper is to collect scientific evidences from basic and clinical studies which support the use of dietary supplements to define the clinical framework for patients with varicocele. In the present review, we used keywords such as dietary supplements, varicocele, male infertility, oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, sperm parameters to find the proper articles. The standard search biomedical engines were used for seeking the papers. The use of dietary supplements such as minerals, vitamins and antioxidants has an essential role in the prevention and treatment of varicocele by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and decreasing the levels of inflammatory markers (e.g. tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1) in testis. According to the results, the dietary supplements may alleviate the spermatogenesis in varicocele patients through different mechanisms such as suppression of stress oxidative and inflammation in testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Arab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Surgery, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hoda Doustmohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arash Ardestani Zadeh
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Surgery, Kowsar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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9
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Arkoun B, Galas L, Dumont L, Rives A, Saulnier J, Delessard M, Rondanino C, Rives N. Vitamin E but Not GSH Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Enhances Sperm Production during In Vitro Maturation of Frozen-Thawed Prepubertal Mouse Testicular Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215380. [PMID: 31671759 PMCID: PMC6861907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing-thawing procedures and in vitro culture conditions are considered as a source of stress associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to a damaged cell aerobic metabolism and consequently to oxidative stress. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether vitamin E (Vit E) or reduced glutathione (GSH) enhances sperm production by decreasing ROS accumulation during in vitro maturation of prepubertal mice testes. Testes of prepubertal mice were cryopreserved using a freezing medium supplemented or not supplemented with Vit E and were cultured after thawing. In presence of Rol alone in culture medium, frozen-thawed (F-T) testicular tissues exhibited a higher ROS accumulation than fresh tissue during in vitro culture. However, Vit E supplementation in freezing, thawing, and culture media significantly decreased cytoplasmic ROS accumulation in F-T testicular tissue during in vitro maturation when compared with F-T testicular tissue cultured in the presence of Rol alone, whereas GSH supplementation in culture medium significantly increased ROS accumulation associated with cytolysis and tissue disintegration. Vit E but not GSH promoted a better in vitro sperm production and was a suitable ROS scavenger and effective molecule to improve the yield of in vitro spermatogenesis from F-T prepubertal mice testes. The prevention of oxidative stress in the cytoplasmic compartment should be regarded as a potential strategy for improving testicular tissue viability and functionality during the freeze-thaw procedure and in vitro maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Arkoun
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Ludovic Dumont
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Aurélie Rives
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Justine Saulnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Marion Delessard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Christine Rondanino
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Nathalie Rives
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Biology of Reproduction-CECOS laboratory, 76000 Rouen, France.
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10
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Hassani-Bafrani H, Tavalaee M, Arbabian M, Dattilo M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. The effect of vitamin E & vitamin B on sperm function in rat varicocele model. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13429. [PMID: 31613021 DOI: 10.1111/and.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of vitamin E and vitamin B (Vit E & Vit B) and their combination on sperm functional parameters in the rat varicocele model. Male rats (n = 120) were divided into control (n = 30), sham (n = 30) and varicocele induction (n = 60) groups. After 2 months, 10 rats from each group were sacrificed to verify varicocele model. This part of results showed that sperm parameters, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and residual histone were adversely effected in the varicocele group. From the 50 remaining rats in varicocele group, 10 rats received Vit B complex (6, 9.6, 30.4, 9.6 and 0.006 mg/kg for B6, B2, B9, B1 and B12 respectively), 10 rats received Vit E (40 mg/kg), 10 rats received Vit B & E, 10 rats only received water and 10 rats were only received sesame oil as a solvent for Vit E, for 2 months. From 40 remaining rats in control and sham groups, 20 rats only received water and other 20 rats only received sesame oil for 2 months. Then, all the aforementioned parameters were assessed. These results showed that Vit B antioxidant was more efficient in improvement of sperm parameters, chromatin integrity and lipid peroxidation in varicocelized rats compared with Vit E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hassani-Bafrani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Arbabian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Parthenogen, Lugano, Switzerland
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11
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Tian J, Xie T, Qiu Z, Liu J, Ye W, Song Y. [Association of advanced oxidation protein products in seminal plasma with teratospermia and outcome parameters of in vitro fertilization]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:937-943. [PMID: 31511214 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.08.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of the level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in seminal plasma with teratospermia and the outcome parameters of in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 272 male patients receiving assisted reproduction treatment in the Center for Reproductive Medicine of our hospital between October, 2018 and March, 2019. The levels of seminal AOPPs and reactive oxygen species (ROS), demographic data, sperm parameters and IVF outcome parameters were analyzed for all the patients. According to the percentage of sperms with normal morphology, the patients were divided before IVF into teratozoospermia group and normal sperm morphology group, and those in teratozoospermia group were further divided into 3 subgroups with mild, moderate and severe teratozoospermia. The patients were also divided on the day oocyte retrieval into 2 groups with fertilizing rates lower (group Ⅰ) and higher (group Ⅱ) than the median rate. RESULTS We found a significant negative correlation of seminal AOPP level before treatment with the percentage of normal sperm morphology (P=0.003) and seminal ROS level (P=0.013). The seminal levels of AOPPs (P= 0.027) and ROS (P=0.036) were significantly elevated in patients with teratospermia, and seminal AOPP level was significantly higher in severe teratospermia group than in mild (P=0.019) and moderate (P=0.015) teratospermia groups. The seminal levels of AOPPs (P=0.003) and ROS (P=0.017) on the day of oocyte retrieval were negatively correlated with the fertilization rate in IVF cycles, and the levels of AOPPs (P=0.049) and ROS (P=0.036) were significantly higher in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ. CONCLUSIONS An elevated level of seminal AOPPs may indicate an increased risk of severe teratospermia and a lower fertilization rate in IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuolin Qiu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenting Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Ammar O, Houas Z, Mehdi M. The association between iron, calcium, and oxidative stress in seminal plasma and sperm quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14097-14105. [PMID: 30852746 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the level of iron and calcium in the seminal plasma of men with different fertility potentials and to examine its relationship with oxidative stress. Seventy-nine sub-fertile patients with asthenoteratozoospermia (AT), n 27; teratoleucozoospermia (TL), n 20; teratozoospermia (Terato), n 32; and 29 healthy donors were included. The ability of spermatozoa to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining. The lipid peroxidation end product, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the trace element levels (iron and calcium) were measured spectrophotometrically. Iron and calcium concentrations in seminal plasma of the patient groups were significantly more elevated than the normal group. Nevertheless, both calcium and iron showed strong negative correlations with the total sperm motility and normal sperm morphology, but only iron was positively and significantly associated with multiple anomalies index and seminal leucocyte concentration. On the other hand, the rates of MDA and ROS production in semen were significantly higher in the three abnormal groups than in controls. These two oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly associated with the percentage of atypical forms in semen. However, only semen ROS level was significantly associated with the decreased sperm motility and the sperm leucocytes concentration. Meanwhile, there are positive correlations between seminal iron and calcium content and the studied oxidative stress biomarkers. Oxidative stress and trace element excess are implicated in low sperm quality. Iron and calcium might be the mediators of the effects of oxidative damage and induces lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Ammar
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Zohra Houas
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Mehdi
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
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Oumaima A, Tesnim A, Zohra H, Amira S, Ines Z, Sana C, Intissar G, Lobna E, Ali J, Meriem M. Investigation on the origin of sperm morphological defects: oxidative attacks, chromatin immaturity, and DNA fragmentation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13775-13786. [PMID: 29508198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation can be deleterious on spermatozoon morphology but the pathogenesis of teratozoospermia associated with DNA breaks is not fully understood, even if oxidative attacks and defects in chromatin maturation are hypothesized. Therefore, this study is one of the first to clarify on the underlying hypothesizes behind such observations. The objectives of our study were to assess the role of oxidative attacks in DNA damage pathogenesis in ejaculated spermatozoa from patients with isolated teratozoospermia. We aimed to assess the correlation of DNA breaks with morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, as well as ROS level and impairment chromatin condensation. A total of 90 patients were divided into two groups, men with isolated teratozoospermia (n = 60) and men with normal semen parameters (n = 30) as controls. DNA fragmentation was evaluated by TUNEL assay; chromatin immaturity was studied using acridine orange and toluidine blue staining. We evaluated the ability of spermatozoa to produce reactive oxygen species with nitro blue tetrazolium staining. Patient with teratozoospermia when compared to fertile men showed significantly higher rates of semen ROS production, sperm hypocondensated chromatin, denaturated DNA, and fragmented DNA. All these parameters were positively correlated with abnormal sperm morphology. The studied DNA integrity markers were also correlated with ROS production. Fragmented DNA is the main pathway leading to morphology defects in the sperm. In fact, impaired chromatin compaction may induce DNA breaks and free radicals, which can break the DNA backbone indirectly, by reducing protamination and disulphide bond formation, as oxidative attack appears to be the major cause of poor semen morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Oumaima
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Ajina Tesnim
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haouas Zohra
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sallem Amira
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zidi Ines
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chakroun Sana
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Grissa Intissar
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ezzi Lobna
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jlali Ali
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Meriem
- Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetic (UR 12 ES 10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology, Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
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Adami LNG, Belardin LB, Lima BT, Jeremias JT, Antoniassi MP, Okada FK, Bertolla RP. Effect of in vitro vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation in human spermatozoon submitted to oxidative stress. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12959. [PMID: 29392756 DOI: 10.1111/and.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of in vitro supplementation with vitamin E in human spermatozoon incubated with an oxidative stress inducer. In this study, semen samples from 30 patients were collected and with one aliquot we performed semen analysis according to WHO. The remaining volume was divided into four aliquots: group C: incubated with BWW medium; group I: incubated with 5 mmol 1-1 hydrogen peroxide; group A: incubated with 40 μmol 1-1 vitamin E; and group AI: incubated with both them. After incubations, sperm functional analyses were performed and included: evaluation of oxidative stress, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity and DNA fragmentation. Groups were compared using a Friedman test with Bonferroni post hoc (α = 5%). In this study, we observed that in group I there was a decrease in acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity, and an increase in DNA fragmentation, when compared to group C. Group AI showed an increase in acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity when compared with group I. Based on our findings, we conclude that the vitamin E supplementation had a positive effect in protecting human spermatozoon from induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N G Adami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L B Belardin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B T Lima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J T Jeremias
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P Antoniassi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F K Okada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R P Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Monllor F, Espino J, Marchena AM, Ortiz Á, Lozano G, García JF, Pariente JA, Rodríguez AB, Bejarano I. Melatonin diminishes oxidative damage in sperm cells, improving assisted reproductive techniques. Turk J Biol 2017; 41:881-889. [PMID: 30814853 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1704-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm preparation procedures are a potential generator of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, which leads to a dramatic drop in fertility. An increasing number of studies suggest that melatonin reduces the oxidative stress induced by manipulation. However, very little is known about the preservative role of melatonin in sperm preparation medium during assisted reproduction procedures. For this aim to be achieved, semen was divided into two fractions and preincubated with and without 1 mM melatonin. Afterwards, both fractions were divided into two subfractions to perform swim-up in the presence and absence of 1 mM melatonin. Labeling with anti-CD46 and antiactive caspase-3 allowed the monitoring of acrosome reaction and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Sperm DNA fragmentation and compaction were analyzed through propidium iodide staining. The normozoospermic and oligozoospermic samples that were preincubated with melatonin underwent a significant increase in the ratio of adequate spermatozoa and a reduction of caspase-3 activation. Additionally, preincubation with melatonin enhanced the migration of sperm cells with compacted DNA in oligozoospermic samples (P < 0.05) and prevented DNA fragmentation in normozoospermic samples (P < 0.05). In light of the current results, the cytoprotective capacity and innocuousness of melatonin make it a great candidate to be applied in assisted reproduction techniques in order to prevent triaogenic oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Monllor
- Centre for Human Assisted Reproduction (CERHA) , Badajoz , Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Ana María Marchena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Águeda Ortiz
- Centre for Human Assisted Reproduction (CERHA) , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Graciela Lozano
- Centre for Human Assisted Reproduction (CERHA) , Badajoz , Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Pariente
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
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Khayat S, Fanaei H, Ghanbarzehi A. Minerals in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Review Article. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:QE01-QE05. [PMID: 29207789 PMCID: PMC5713811 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28485.10626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients (include vitamins and minerals) are essential for normal function, growth and development. Minerals have important effects on the health of the mother and foetus. But biological mechanisms of minerals are not completely understood. Micronutrient deficiency during pregnancy can lead to anaemia, hypertension, obstetric complications and even maternal death and in foetus lead to a fail in growth and development. Mineral deficiency during pregnancy, particularly exist in developing countries. During pregnancy due to the increased demands caused by physiological changes, deficiency is exaggerated and as a result its complications occur. Thus, ensuring to receive enough macronutrients and micronutrients before and during pregnancy, is important. Nevertheless, there are controversies regarding administrating supplements. There are not enough studies about some of the minerals and the challenges remain. Regarding the importance of minerals in pregnancy and lactation, in this review we will analyze the role of them in pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khayat
- Ph.D. Student in Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Fanaei
- Pregnancy Health Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Ener K, Aldemir M, Işık E, Okulu E, Özcan MF, Uğurlu M, Tangal S, Özayar A. The impact of vitamin E supplementation on semen parameters and pregnancy rates after varicocelectomy: a randomised controlled study. Andrologia 2016; 48:829-34. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ener
- Department of Urology; Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - M. Aldemir
- Department of Urology; Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - E. Işık
- Department of Urology; Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - E. Okulu
- Department of Urology; Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - M. F. Özcan
- Department of Urology; Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - M. Uğurlu
- Department of Biostatistics; School of Medicine; Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Yildirim Beyazit University; Ankara Turkey
| | - S. Tangal
- Department of Urology; Ufuk University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - A. Özayar
- Department of Urology; Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
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Garg H, Kumar R. Empirical Drug Therapy for Idiopathic Male Infertility: What is the New Evidence? Urology 2015; 86:1065-75. [PMID: 26255035 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic male infertility is empirically managed using a number of drugs. We reviewed 64 articles published in the last 10 years on such drug therapy. There was severe heterogeneity in data along with poor definition of outcome parameters. Pregnancy or live birth rate was not reported in many studies. Antiestrogens appear to improve pregnancy rates while there is some data supporting the use of aromatase inhibitors. Antioxidants significantly increase the rate of both live birth and pregnancy but the data are limited. However, valid end-points based on data are limited for the empirical use of drugs in idiopathic male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Garg
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D, du Plessis SS. Utility of antioxidants during assisted reproductive techniques: an evidence based review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:112. [PMID: 25421286 PMCID: PMC4258799 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a common treatment of choice for many couples facing infertility issues, be it due to male or female factor, or idiopathic. Employment of ART techniques, however, come with its own challenges as the in vitro environment is not nearly as ideal as the in vivo environment, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) build-up leading to oxidative stress is kept in check by the endogenous antioxidants system. While physiological amounts of ROS are necessary for normal reproductive function in vivo, in vitro manipulation of gametes and embryos exposes these cells to excessive ROS production either by endogenous or exogenous environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the sources of ROS in an in vitro clinical setting and the influence of oxidative stress on gamete/embryo quality and the outcome of IVF/ICSI. Sources of ROS and different strategies of overcoming the excessive generation of ROS in vitro are also highlighted. Endogenously, the gametes and the developing embryo become sources of ROS. Multiple exogenous factors act as potential sources of ROS, including exposure to visible light, composition of culture media, pH and temperature, oxygen concentration, centrifugation during spermatozoa preparation, ART technique involving handling of gamete/embryo and cryopreservation technique (freeze/thawing process). Finally, the use of antioxidants as agents to minimize ROS generation in the in vitro environment and as oral therapy is highlighted. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are discussed and the outcome of studies using these antioxidants as oral therapy in the male or female or its use in vitro in media is presented. While results of studies using certain antioxidant agents are promising, the current body of evidence as a whole suggests the need for further well-designed and larger scale randomized controlled studies, as well as research to minimize oxidative stress conditions in the clinical ART setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MARA University of Technology, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000 Malaysia
| | - Stefan S du Plessis
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
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