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Biscarini F, Mastrangelo S, Catillo G, Senczuk G, Ciampolini R. Insights into Genetic Diversity, Runs of Homozygosity and Heterozygosity-Rich Regions in Maremmana Semi-Feral Cattle Using Pedigree and Genomic Data. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2285. [PMID: 33287320 PMCID: PMC7761732 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-feral local livestock populations, like Maremmana cattle, are the object of renewed interest for the conservation of biological diversity and the preservation and exploitation of unique and potentially relevant genetic material. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic diversity parameters in semi-feral Maremmana cattle using both pedigree- and genomic-based approaches (FIS and FROH), and to detect regions of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity (ROHet) in the genome. The average heterozygosity estimates were in the range reported for other cattle breeds (HE=0.261, HO=0.274). Pedigree-based average inbreeding (F) was estimated at 4.9%. The correlation was low between F and genomic-based approaches (r=0.03 with FIS, r=0.21 with FROH), while it was higher between FIS and FROH (r=0.78). The low correlation between F and FROH coefficients may be the result of the limited pedigree depth available for the animals involved in this study. The ROH islands identified in Maremmana cattle included candidate genes associated with climate adaptation, carcass traits or the regulation of body weight, fat and energy metabolism. The ROHet islands contained candidate genes associated with nematode resistance and reproduction traits in livestock. The results of this study confirm that genome-based measures like FROH may be useful estimators of individual autozygosity, and may provide insights on pedigree-based inbreeding estimates in cases when animals' pedigree data are unavailable, thus providing a more detailed picture of the genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Biscarini
- CNR-IBBA (National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Catillo
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Acquaculture, CREA, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Roberta Ciampolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie—Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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Fabbri MC, Dadousis C, Bozzi R. Estimation of Linkage Disequilibrium and Effective Population Size in Three Italian Autochthonous Beef Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061034. [PMID: 32545850 PMCID: PMC7341513 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in three local beef breeds, namely, Calvana (n = 174), Mucca Pisana (n = 270), and Pontremolese (n = 44). As a control group, samples of the Italian Limousin breed (n = 100) were used. All cattle were genotyped with the GeneSeek GGP-LDv4 33k SNP chip containing 30,111 SNPs. The genotype quality control for each breed was conducted separately, and SNPs with call rate < 0.95 and minor allele frequency (MAF) > 1% were used for the analysis. LD extent was estimated in PLINK v1.9 using the squared correlation between pairs of loci (r2) across autosomes. Moreover, r2 values were used to calculate historical and contemporary effective population size (Ne) in each breed. Average r2 was similar in Calvana and Mucca Pisana (~0.14) and higher in Pontremolese (0.17); Limousin presented the lowest LD extent (0.07). LD up to 0.11-0.15 was persistent in the local breeds up to 0.75 Mbp, while in Limousin, it showed a more rapid decay. Variation of different LD levels across autosomes was observed in all the breeds. The results demonstrated a rapid decrease in Ne across generations for local breeds, and the contemporary population size observed in the local breeds, ranging from 41.7 in Calvana to 17 in Pontremolese, underlined the demographic alarming situation.
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Mastrangelo S, Ciani E, Ajmone Marsan P, Bagnato A, Battaglini L, Bozzi R, Carta A, Catillo G, Cassandro M, Casu S, Ciampolini R, Crepaldi P, D'Andrea M, Di Gerlando R, Fontanesi L, Longeri M, Macciotta NP, Mantovani R, Marletta D, Matassino D, Mele M, Pagnacco G, Pieramati C, Portolano B, Sarti FM, Tolone M, Pilla F. Conservation status and historical relatedness of Italian cattle breeds. Genet Sel Evol 2018; 50:35. [PMID: 29940848 PMCID: PMC6019226 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-018-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the last 50 years, the diversity of cattle breeds has experienced a severe contraction. However, in spite of the growing diffusion of cosmopolite specialized breeds, several local cattle breeds are still farmed in Italy. Genetic characterization of breeds represents an essential step to guide decisions in the management of farm animal genetic resources. The aim of this work was to provide a high-resolution representation of the genome-wide diversity and population structure of Italian local cattle breeds using a medium-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Results After quality control filtering, the dataset included 31,013 SNPs for 800 samples from 32 breeds. Our results on the genetic diversity of these breeds agree largely with their recorded history. We observed a low level of genetic diversity, which together with the small size of the effective populations, confirmed that several breeds are threatened with extinction. According to the analysis of runs of homozygosity, evidence of recent inbreeding was strong in some local breeds, such as Garfagnina, Mucca Pisana and Pontremolese. Patterns of genetic differentiation, shared ancestry, admixture events, and the phylogenetic tree, all suggest the presence of gene flow, in particular among breeds that originate from the same geographical area, such as the Sicilian breeds. In spite of the complex admixture events that most Italian cattle breeds have experienced, they have preserved distinctive characteristics and can be clearly discriminated, which is probably due to differences in genetic origin, environment, genetic isolation and inbreeding. Conclusions This study is the first exhaustive genome-wide analysis of the diversity of Italian cattle breeds. The results are of significant importance because they will help design and implement conservation strategies. Indeed, efforts to maintain genetic diversity in these breeds are needed. Improvement of systems to record and monitor inbreeding in these breeds may contribute to their in situ conservation and, in view of this, the availability of genomic data is a fundamental resource. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-018-0406-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Elena Ciani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Bagnato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Battaglini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Firenze, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonello Carta
- Unità di Ricerca di Genetica e Biotecnologie, Agris Sardegna, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Catillo
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Acquaculture, CREA, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sara Casu
- Unità di Ricerca di Genetica e Biotecnologie, Agris Sardegna, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciampolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rosalia Di Gerlando
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e tecnologie Agroalimentari, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Longeri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione, Ambiente, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Donato Matassino
- Divulgazione e Applicazione di Biotecniche Innovative, Consorzio per la Sperimentazione, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Pagnacco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Pieramati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Baldassare Portolano
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca M Sarti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Tolone
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.,Centro Risorse Bio-Culturali e Sviluppo Locale, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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D'Alessandro A, Marrocco C, Rinalducci S, Mirasole C, Failla S, Zolla L. Chianina beef tenderness investigated through integrated Omics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4381-98. [PMID: 22510581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we performed an integrated proteomics, interactomics and metabolomics analysis of Longissimus dorsi tender and tough meat samples from Chianina beef cattle. Results were statistically handled as to obtain Pearson's correlation coefficients of the results from Omics investigation in relation to canonical tenderness-related parameters, including Warner Bratzler shear force, myofibrillar degradation (at 48 h and 10 days after slaughter), sarcomere length and total collagen content. As a result, we could observe that the tender meat group was characterized by higher levels of glycolytic enzymes, which were over-phosphorylated and produced accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. Oxidative stress promoted meat tenderness and elicited heat shock protein responses, which in turn triggered apoptosis-like cascades along with PARP fragmentation. Phosphorylation was found to be a key process in post mortem muscle conversion to meat, as it was shown not only to modulate glycolytic enzyme activities, but also mediate the stability of structural proteins at the Z-disk. On the other hand, phosphorylation of HSPs has been supposed to alter their functions through changing their affinity for target interactors. Analogies and breed-specific differences are highlighted throughout the text via a direct comparison of the present results against the ones obtained in a parallel study on Maremmana Longissimus dorsi. It emerges that, while the main cornerstones and the final outcome are maintained, post mortem metabolism in tender and tough meat yielding individuals is subtly modulated via specific higher levels of enzymes and amino acidic residue phosphorylation in a breed-specific fashion, and whether calcium homeostasis dysregulation was a key factor in Maremmana, higher early post mortem phosphocreatine levels in the Chianina tender group could favor a slower and prolonged glycolytic rate, prolonging the extent of the minimum hanging period necessary to obtain tender meat from this breed by a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Abstract
Preservation of rare genetic stocks requires assessment of within-population genetic diversity and between-population differentiation to make inferences on their degree of uniqueness. A total of 194 Tuscan cattle (44 Calvana, 35 Chianina, 25 Garfagnina, 31 Maremmana, 31 Mucca Pisana and 28 Pontremolese) individuals were genotyped for 34 microsatellite markers. Moreover, 56 samples belonging to Argentinean Creole and Asturiana de la Montaña cattle breeds were used as an outgroup. Genetic diversity was quantified in terms of molecular coancestry and allelic richness. STRUCTURE analyses showed that the Tuscan breeds have well-differentiated genetic backgrounds, except for the Calvana and Chianina breeds, which share the same genetic ancestry. The between-breed Nei's minimum distance (Dm) matrices showed that the pair Calvana-Chianina was less differentiated (0.049 ± 0.006). The endangered Tuscan breeds (Calvana, Garfagnina, Mucca Pisana and Pontremolese) made null or negative contributions to diversity, except for the Mucca Pisana contribution to allelic richness (CT = 1.8%). The Calvana breed made null or negative within-breed contributions (W = 0.0%; CW = -0.4%). The Garfagnina and Pontremolese breeds made positive contributions to between-breed diversity but negative and high within-breed contributions, thus suggesting population bottleneck with allelic losses and increase of homozygosity in the population. Exclusion of the four endangered Tuscan cattle breeds did not result in losses in genetic diversity (T = -0.7%; CT = -1.2%), whereas exclusion of the non-endangered breeds (Chianina and Maremmana) did (T = 2.1%; CT = 3.9%); the simple exclusion of the Calvana breed from the former group led to losses in genetic diversity (T = 0.47%; CT = 2.34%), indicating a diverse significance for this breed. We showed how quantifying both within-population diversity and between-population differentiation in terms of allelic frequencies and allelic richness provides different and complementary information on the genetic backgrounds assessed and may help to implement priorities and strategies for conservation in livestock.
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Egito AA, Paiva SR, Albuquerque MDSM, Mariante AS, Almeida LD, Castro SR, Grattapaglia D. Microsatellite based genetic diversity and relationships among ten Creole and commercial cattle breeds raised in Brazil. BMC Genet 2007; 8:83. [PMID: 18067665 PMCID: PMC2228320 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-8-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil holds the largest commercial cattle populations worldwide. Local cattle breeds can be classified according to their origin, as exotic or Creole. Exotic breeds imported in the last 100 years, both zebuine and taurine, currently make up the bulk of the intensively managed populations. Locally adapted Creole breeds, originated from cattle introduced by the European conquerors derive from natural selection and events of breed admixture. While historical knowledge exists on the Brazilian Creole breeds very little is known on their genetic composition. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and patterns of taurine/zebuine admixture among ten cattle breeds raised in Brazil. RESULTS Significant reduction of heterozygosity exists due both to within-population inbreeding and to breed differentiation in both subspecies (taurine and zebuine). For taurine breeds the number of markers that contribute to breed differentiation is larger than for zebuine. A consistently similar number of alleles was seen in both subspecies for all microsatellites. Four Creole breeds were the most genetically diverse followed by the zebuine breeds, the two specialized taurine breeds and the Creole Caracu. Pairwise genetic differentiation were all significant indicating that all breeds can be considered as genetically independent entities. A STRUCTURE based diagram indicated introgression of indicine genes in the local Creole breeds and suggested that occasional Creole introgression can be detected in some Zebuine animals. CONCLUSION This study reports on a comprehensive study of the genetic structure and diversity of cattle breeds in Brazil. A significant amount of genetic variation is maintained in the local cattle populations. The genetic data show that Brazilian Creole breeds constitute an important and diverse reservoir of genetic diversity for bovine breeding and conservation. The genetic data was able to shed light on a number of issues related to the local breeds origin and structure. The Brazilian Creole breeds are all important and viable targets for conservation for they display peculiar traits both phenotypic and of cultural and historical nature that deserve conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa A Egito
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, CP 02372, 70770-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Negrini R, Nijman IJ, Milanesi E, Moazami-Goudarzi K, Williams JL, Erhardt G, Dunner S, Rodellar C, Valentini A, Bradley DG, Olsaker I, Kantanen J, Ajmone-Marsan P, Lenstra JA. Differentiation of European cattle by AFLP fingerprinting. Anim Genet 2007; 38:60-6. [PMID: 17257190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Neolithic introduction of domestic cattle into Europe was followed by differential adaptation, selection, migration and genetic isolation, leading ultimately to the emergence of specialized breeds. We have studied the differentiation of European cattle by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. Combining AFLP data sets from two laboratories yielded 81 biallelic polymorphic markers scored in 19-22 individual animals from 51 breeds. Model-based clustering differentiated Podolian cattle as well as French and Alpine breeds from other European cattle. AFLP genetic distances correlated well with microsatellite-based genetic distances calculated for the same breeds. However, the AFLP data emphasized the divergence of taurine and indicine cattle relative to the variation among European breeds and indicated an Eastern influence on Italian and Hungarian Podolian breeds. This probably reflects import from the East after the original introduction of domestic cattle into Europe. Our data suggest that Italian cattle breeds are relatively diverse at the DNA sequence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negrini
- Institute of Zootechnics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
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