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Islam S, Peart C, Kehlmaier C, Sun YH, Lei F, Dahl A, Klemroth S, Alexopoulou D, Del Mar Delgado M, Laiolo P, Carlos Illera J, Dirren S, Hille S, Lkhagvasuren D, Töpfer T, Kaiser M, Gebauer A, Martens J, Paetzold C, Päckert M. Museomics help resolving the phylogeny of snowfinches (Aves, Passeridae, Montifringilla and allies). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 198:108135. [PMID: 38925425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Historical specimens from museum collections provide a valuable source of material also from remote areas or regions of conflict that are not easily accessible to scientists today. With this study, we are providing a taxon-complete phylogeny of snowfinches using historical DNA from whole skins of an endemic species from Afghanistan, the Afghan snowfinch, Pyrgilauda theresae. To resolve the strong conflict between previous phylogenetic hypotheses, we generated novel mitogenome sequences for selected taxa and genome-wide SNP data using ddRAD sequencing for all extant snowfinch species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and for an extended intraspecific sampling of the sole Central and Western Palearctic snowfinch species (Montifringilla nivalis). Our phylogenetic reconstructions unanimously refuted the previously suggested paraphyly of genus Pyrgilauda. Misplacement of one species-level taxon (Onychostruthus tazcanowskii) in previous snowfinch phylogenies was undoubtedly inferred from chimeric mitogenomes that included heterospecific sequence information. Furthermore, comparison of novel and previously generated sequence data showed that the presumed sister-group relationship between M. nivalis and the QTP endemic M. henrici was suggested based on flawed taxonomy. Our phylogenetic reconstructions based on genome-wide SNP data and on mitogenomes were largely congruent and supported reciprocal monophyly of genera Montifringilla and Pyrgilauda with monotypic Onychostruthus being sister to the latter. The Afghan endemic P. theresae likely originated from a rather ancient Pliocene out-of-Tibet dispersal probably from a common ancestor with P. ruficollis. Our extended trans-Palearctic sampling for the white-winged snowfinch, M. nivalis, confirmed strong lineage divergence between an Asian and a European clade dated to 1.5 - 2.7 million years ago (mya). Genome-wide SNP data suggested subtle divergence among European samples from the Alps and from the Cantabrian mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiqul Islam
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck-Genome-Centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany; Division of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claire Peart
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Kehlmaier
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yue-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Dresden-Concept Genome Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 1307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia Klemroth
- Dresden-Concept Genome Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 1307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitra Alexopoulou
- Dresden-Concept Genome Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 1307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Del Mar Delgado
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Universidad de Oviedo, CSIC, Principality of Asturias) - Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación - 5ª planta, C. Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Paola Laiolo
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Universidad de Oviedo, CSIC, Principality of Asturias) - Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación - 5ª planta, C. Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Universidad de Oviedo, CSIC, Principality of Asturias) - Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación - 5ª planta, C. Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | | | - Sabine Hille
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Davaa Lkhagvasuren
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, P.O.Box 46A-546, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia
| | - Till Töpfer
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Martens
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Paetzold
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Päckert
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
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Wendt M, Husemann M, Kramp K, Schmitt T. Reconstruction of forest dynamics in the Western Palaearctic based on phylogeographic analysis of the ringlet butterfly Erebia aethiops. Sci Rep 2021; 11:201. [PMID: 33420130 PMCID: PMC7794548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glacial refugia are centers of high biodiversity. Therefore, knowledge on their locations and reactions of associated populations and landscapes to climatic changes is crucial for conservation management. We here investigated the biogeography of a butterfly species linked to open forest habitats. Using mitochondrial and nuclear markers in combination with Bayesian simulations, we analyzed the location and age of potential glacial refugia of the species. We identified five putative refugia in Europe. Considering the ecological needs of our study species, tree density within these refugial areas, in contrast to earlier assumptions, must have exceeded the level of individually scattered trees. Our results also provide evidence that especially the refuge areas in the Carpathians were previously underestimated regarding their age: the refugia in the Southern Carpathians presented suitable conditions throughout several glacial cycles, probably since the Mindel or Riss cycles. Additionally, our analyses provided support for a forest refugium near the Tatra Mountains persisting the last glacial maximum. Our results underline the usefulness of this and probably other butterfly species as indicators of forest refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wendt
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Systematik Und Biogeographie, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Husemann
- Centrum Für Naturkunde, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz-Zentrum Für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) E.V., PB 2: "Landnutzung Und Governance", AG: Biotische Interaktionen Zwischen Wald- Und Agrarflächen, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Systematik Und Biogeographie, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Zoology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
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3
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Marabuto E, Pina-Martins F, Rebelo MT, Paulo OS. Ancient divergence, a crisis of salt and another of ice shaped the evolution of the west Mediterranean butterfly Euchloe tagis. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Mediterranean region is an extremely complex hotspot where, since the Miocene, extensive geological, habitat and climate changes have taken place, alternating between warm and cold periods. These phenomena have taken a toll on the genetic composition of species, and surviving lineages have often adapted locally and diverged to the point of (complete) speciation. To study these phenomena, in this study we used one of the most enigmatic butterflies, the Portuguese dappled white, Euchloe tagis, a west Mediterranean endemic with fragmented, morphologically differentiated populations whose status have long been disputed. Even its affiliations with other Anthocharidini are largely unresolved. We used mitochondrial and nuclear markers under a phylogenetic and phylogeographical framework to evaluate its placement among relatives and population differentiation, reconstructing its evolutionary history. We found that this species had a Miocene origin ~15 Mya and was nearest to Euchloe s.s. and Elphinstonia. Its populations showed high genetic diversity but all coalesced to 5.3 Mya, when European and all but one African population diverged. Our multiple findings concerning the evolution of E. tagis through a changing, narrow habitable area might provide a more general perspective on how species survive within this hotspot of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Marabuto
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pina-Martins
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Rebelo
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Octávio S Paulo
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Cassel‐Lundhagen A, Schmitt T, Wahlberg N, Sarvašová L, Konvička M, Ryrholm N, Kaňuch P. Wing morphology of the butterfly
Coenonympha arcania
in Europe: Traces of both historical isolation in glacial refugia and current adaptation. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute Müncheberg Germany
- Zoology Institute of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences I Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Lenka Sarvašová
- Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen Slovakia
| | - Martin Konvička
- Faculty of Sciences University South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Nils Ryrholm
- Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development University of Gävle Gävle Sweden
| | - Peter Kaňuch
- Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen Slovakia
- Institute of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science P. J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovakia
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5
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Golikhajeh N, Naseri B, Razmjou J, Hosseini R, Aghbolaghi MA. Genetic Variation of Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations Detected Using Microsatellite Markers in Iran. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1404-1410. [PMID: 29546350 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the population genetic diversity and structure of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a serious pest of sugar beet in Iran and the world, we genotyped 133 individuals from seven regions in Iran using four microsatellite loci. Significant difference was seen between the observed and expected heterozygosity in all loci. A lower observed heterozygosity than expected heterozygosity indicated a low heterozygosity in these populations. The value of F showed a high genetic differentiation, so that the mean of Fst was 0.21. Molecular analysis variance showed significant differences within and among populations with group variance accounted for 71 and 21%, respectively. No correlation was found between pair-wise Fst and geographic distance by Mantel test. Bayesian clustering analysis grouped all regions to two clusters. These data suggested that a combination of different factors, such as geographic distance, environmental condition, and physiological behavior in addition to genetic factors, could play an important role in forming variation within and between S. exigua populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neshat Golikhajeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Bahram Naseri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jabraeil Razmjou
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseini
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marzieh Asadi Aghbolaghi
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
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6
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Molecular Biogeography of the High Mountain Systems of Europe: An Overview. HIGH MOUNTAIN CONSERVATION IN A CHANGING WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55982-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Paučulová L, Šemeláková M, Mutanen M, Pristaš P, Panigaj Ľ. Searching for the glacial refugia ofErebia euryale(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) - insights from mtDNA- and nDNA-based phylogeography in the Western Carpathians. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Paučulová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Šemeláková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Biodiversity Unit; Department of Genetics and Physiology; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Peter Pristaš
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Panigaj
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
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8
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Kramp K, Cizek O, Madeira PM, Ramos AA, Konvicka M, Castilho R, Schmitt T. Genetic implications of phylogeographical patterns in the conservation of the boreal wetland butterflyColias palaeno(Pieridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute; 15374 Müncheberg Germany
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; 54296 Trier Germany
| | - Oldrich Cizek
- Hutur NGO; J. Purkyne 1616 50002 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences; University South Bohemia; Branisovska 31 370 05 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environment; Czech University of Life Sciences; Kamycka 961 165 21 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Pedro M. Madeira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR); Universidade do Algarve; Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro Portugal
| | - Ana A. Ramos
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR); Universidade do Algarve; Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro Portugal
| | - Martin Konvicka
- Faculty of Sciences; University South Bohemia; Branisovska 31 370 05 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology; Biological Centre CAS; Branisovska 31 370 05 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Rita Castilho
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR); Universidade do Algarve; Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro Portugal
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute; 15374 Müncheberg Germany
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; 54296 Trier Germany
- Department of Zoology; Faculty Natural Sciences I; Institute of Biology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
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9
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Schmitt T, Louy D, Zimmermann E, Habel JC. Species radiation in the Alps: multiple range shifts caused diversification in Ringlet butterflies in the European high mountains. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-016-0282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Junker M, Zimmermann M, Ramos AA, Gros P, Konvička M, Nève G, Rákosy L, Tammaru T, Castilho R, Schmitt T. Three in One--Multiple Faunal Elements within an Endangered European Butterfly Species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142282. [PMID: 26566029 PMCID: PMC4643965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice ages within Europe forced many species to retreat to refugia, of which three major biogeographic basic types can be distinguished: "Mediterranean", "Continental" and "Alpine / Arctic" species. However, this classification often fails to explain the complex phylogeography of European species with a wide range of latitudinal and altitudinal distribution. Hence, we tested for the possibility that all three mentioned faunal elements are represented within one species. Our data was obtained by scoring 1,307 Euphydryas aurinia individuals (46 European locations) for 17 allozyme loci, and sequencing a subset of 492 individuals (21 sites) for a 626 base pairs COI fragment. Genetic diversity indices, F statistics, hierarchical analyses of molecular variance, individual-based clustering, and networks were used to explore the phylogeographic patterns. The COI fragment represented 18 haplotypes showing a strong geographic structure. All but one allozyme loci analysed were polymorphic with a mean FST of 0.20, supporting a pronounced among population structure. Interpretation of both genetic marker systems, using several analytical tools, calls for the recognition of twelve genetic groups. These analyses consistently distinguished different groups in Iberia (2), Italy, Provence, Alps (3), Slovenia, Carpathian Basin, the lowlands of West and Central Europe as well as Estonia, often with considerable additional substructures. The genetic data strongly support the hypothesis that E. aurinia survived the last glaciation in Mediterranean, extra-Mediterranean and perialpine refugia. It is thus a rare example of a model organism that combines attributes of faunal elements from all three of these sources. The observed differences between allozymes and mtDNA most likely result from recent introgression of mtDNA into nuclear allozyme groups. Our results indicate discrepancies with the morphologically-based subspecies models, underlining the need to revise the current taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Junker
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Marie Zimmermann
- Université de Tours, CNRS, UMR 6035 –IRBI, Avenue Monge, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Ana A. Ramos
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR/CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrick Gros
- Haus der Natur, Museum für Natur und Technik, Museumsplatz 5, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Konvička
- School of Biological Sciences, University South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Nève
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Case 36, 3 place Victor Hugo, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - László Rákosy
- Faculty of Biology, University Babes-Bolyai, Str. Clinicilor 5–7, Cluj, Romania
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Castilho
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR/CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Eberswalder Straße 90, Müncheberg, Germany
- Zoology, Institute of Biology, Faculty Natural Science I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Peña C, Witthauer H, Klečková I, Fric Z, Wahlberg N. Adaptive radiations in butterflies: evolutionary history of the genusErebia(Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Peña
- Department of Biology; Laboratory of Genetics; University of Turku; 20014 Turku Finland
| | - Heike Witthauer
- Department of Biology; Laboratory of Genetics; University of Turku; 20014 Turku Finland
| | - Irena Klečková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Entomology; Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fric
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Entomology; Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology; Laboratory of Genetics; University of Turku; 20014 Turku Finland
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12
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Schmitt T, Habel JC, Rödder D, Louy D. Effects of recent and past climatic shifts on the genetic structure of the high mountain yellow-spotted ringlet butterfly Erebia manto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae): a conservation problem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:2045-2061. [PMID: 24753365 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mountain species have evolved important genetic differentiation due to past climatic fluctuations. The genetic uniqueness of many of these lineages is now at risk due to global warming. Here, we analyse allozyme polymorphisms of 1306 individuals (36 populations) of the mountain butterfly Erebia manto and perform Species Distribution Models (SDMs). As a consensus of analyses, we obtained six most likely genetic clusters: (i) Pyrenees with Massif Central; (ii) Vosges; (iii-v) Alps including the Slovakian Carpathians; (vi) southern Carpathians. The Vosges population showed the strongest genetic split from all other populations, being almost as strong as the split between E. manto and its sister species Erebia eriphyle. The distinctiveness of the Pyrenees-Massif Central group and of the southern Carpathians group from all other groups is also quite high. All three groups are assumed to have survived more than one full glacial-interglacial cycle close to their current distributions with up-hill and down-slope shifts conforming climatic conditions. In contrast with these well-differentiated groups, the three groups present in the Alps and the Slovakian Carpathians show a much shallower genetic structure and thus also should be of a more recent origin. As predicted by our SDM projections, rising temperatures will strongly impact the distribution of E. manto. While the populations in the Alps are predicted to shrink, the survival of the three lineages present here should not be at risk. The situation of the three other lineages is quite different. All models predict the extinction of the Vosges lineage in the wake of global warming, and also the southern Carpathians and Pyrenees-Massif Central lineages might be at high risk to disappear. Thus, albeit global warming will therefore be unlikely to threaten E. manto as a species, an important proportion of the species' intraspecific differentiation and thus uniqueness might be lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
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13
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Louy D, Habel JC, Abadjiev S, Rákosy L, Varga Z, Rödder D, Schmitt T. Molecules and models indicate diverging evolutionary effects from parallel altitudinal range shifts in two mountain Ringlet butterflies. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Louy
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286 Trier Germany
| | - Jan Christian Habel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Technische Universität München; D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Stanislav Abadjiev
- National Museum of Natural History; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; BG-1000 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - László Rákosy
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology; Babes-Bolyai University; RO-40006 Cluj Romania
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology; University of Debrecen; H-4010 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; D-53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286 Trier Germany
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute; D-15374 Müncheberg Germany
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14
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Louy D, Habel JC, Ulrich W, Schmitt T. Out of the alps: the biogeography of a disjunctly distributed mountain butterfly, the almond-eyed ringlet Erebia alberganus (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae). J Hered 2013; 105:28-38. [PMID: 24286723 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies on the biogeography of thermophilic and arctic-alpine species were performed during the past. Only little is known about species with intermediate characteristics. We analyzed the molecular biogeography of the butterfly Erebia alberganus (30 populations, representing 1106 individuals), sampled over the Alps, Apennines (Italy), and the Stara Planina (Bulgaria) using allozyme electrophoresis (17 loci). Genetic analyses revealed 3 major splits, with the strongest between the Stara Planina populations and all other populations, and a weaker split between the Alps and the Apennines. Individuals from the Apennines were genetically nested within the Alps group. The Alps cluster was segregated into 3 groups: the Southwestern, Western/Central, and Eastern Alps. The genetic diversities were highest for the Alps populations and significantly lower in the 2 isolates (Apennines, Stara Planina). The remarkable genetic split between Stara Planina and all other populations and the genetic distinctiveness of the former cluster might be interpreted as an ancient colonization event of this Balkan mountain range. The Apennines populations derive from a more recent expansion out of the Southwestern Alps. After surviving the Würm ice age most probably in the central Apennines, accompanied by genetic modification of some of these populations, northward expansion might have started from the western parts of the central Apennines reaching the northern Apennines during the early postglacial. The subtle genetic differentiation found among the Alps populations probably reflects 3 geographically disjunct Würm glacial centers located at the western slopes of the Southwestern Alps, at the southern slopes of the Central Alps, and in the Southeastern Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Louy
- the Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring 15, D-54286 Trier, Germany
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15
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Louy D, Habel JC, Abadjiev S, Schmitt T. Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Louy
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286; Trier; Germany
| | - Jan Christian Habel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Technische Universität München; D-85350; Freising-Weihenstephan; Germany
| | - Stanislav Abadjiev
- National Museum of Natural History; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; BG-1000; Sofia; Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286; Trier; Germany
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16
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Sekar S, Karanth P. Flying between sky islands: the effect of naturally fragmented habitat on butterfly population structure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71573. [PMID: 23936518 PMCID: PMC3731288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High elevation montane areas are called "sky islands" when they occur as a series of high mountains separated by lowland valleys. Different climatic conditions at high elevations makes sky islands a specialized type of habitat, rendering them naturally fragmented compared to more continuous habitat at lower elevations. Species in sky islands face unsuitable climate in the intervening valleys when moving from one montane area to another. The high elevation shola-grassland mosaic in the Western Ghats of southern India form one such sky island complex. The fragmented patches make this area ideal to study the effect of the spatial orientation of suitable habitat patches on population genetic structure of species found in these areas. Past studies have suggested that sky islands tend to have genetically structured populations, possibly due to reduced gene flow between montane areas. To test this hypothesis, we adopted the comparative approach. Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms, we compared population genetic structures of two closely related, similar sized butterfly species: Heteropsis oculus, a high elevation shola-grassland specialist restricted to the southern Western Ghats, and Mycalesis patnia, found more continuously distributed in lower elevations. In all analyses, as per expectation the sky island specialist H. oculus exhibited a greater degree of population genetic structure than M. patnia, implying a difference in geneflow. This difference in geneflow in turn appears to be due to the natural fragmentation of the sky island complexes. Detailed analysis of a subset of H. oculus samples from one sky island complex (the Anamalais) showed a surprising genetic break. A possible reason for this break could be unsuitable conditions of higher temperature and lower rainfall in the intervening valley region. Thus, sky island species are not only restricted by lack of habitat continuity between montane areas, but also by the nature of the intervening habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sekar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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17
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KEYSER RIENDE, SHREEVE TIMG, BREUKER CASPERJ, HAILS ROSEMARYS, SCHMITT THOMAS. Polyommatus icarus butterflies in the British Isles: evidence for a bottleneck. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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