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Kayastha P, Stec D, Sługocki Ł, Gawlak M, Mioduchowska M, Kaczmarek Ł. Integrative taxonomy reveals new, widely distributed tardigrade species of the genus Paramacrobiotus (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:2196. [PMID: 36750641 PMCID: PMC9905614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In a moss sample collected in Ribeiro Frio, Madeira, Paramacrobiotus gadabouti sp. nov. was found and described using the integrative taxonomy approach. The new species is described based on morphological and morphometric data from both phase-contrast light microscopy (PCM), as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, four DNA markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI) markers, were used to elucidate the phylogenetic position of the new species within the family Macrobiotidae. The new species has a microplacoid that placed it within Parmacrobiotus richtersi group and exhibit richtersi-type eggs having processes terminated with cap-like structures. Paramacrobiotus gadabouti sp. nov. is most similar to Pam. alekseevi, Pam. filipi and Pam. garynahi, but differs from them mainly in details of egg morphology and morphometrics. Unlike other species from this group, which were confirmed as bisexual and showed limited distribution, Paramacrobiotus gadabouti sp. nov. is yet another parthenogenetic species with a wide distribution, demonstrating that at least some tardigrades confirm to the hypothesis of 'everything is everywhere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpalata Kayastha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Daniel Stec
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sługocki
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gawlak
- The Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-318, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Mioduchowska
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Suzuki AC, Sugiura K, Tsujimoto M, Nakai R, McInnes SJ, Kagoshima H, Imura S. A New Species of Bisexual Milnesium (Eutardigrada: Apochela) Having Aberrant Claws from Innhovde, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:246-261. [DOI: 10.2108/zs220085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi C. Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Kenta Sugiura
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Megumu Tsujimoto
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Sapporo 062-0052, Japan
| | - Sandra J. McInnes
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | | | - Satoshi Imura
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
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Sieger J, Brümmer F, Ahn H, Lee G, Kim S, Schill RO. Reduced ageing in the frozen state in the tardigrade
Milnesium inceptum
(Eutardigrada: Apochela). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sieger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - F. Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - H. Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - G. Lee
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - R. O. Schill
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
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Roszkowska M, Wojciechowska D, Kmita H, Cerbin S, Dziuba MK, Fiałkowska E, Sobkowiak R, Szydło W, Kaczmarek Ł. Tips and tricks how to culture water bears: simple protocols for culturing eutardigrades (Tardigrada) under laboratory conditions. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1881631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - D. Wojciechowska
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - H. Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - S. Cerbin
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - M. K. Dziuba
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - E. Fiałkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Sobkowiak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - W. Szydło
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ł. Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Snow algae blooms are beneficial for microinvertebrates assemblages (Tardigrada and Rotifera) on seasonal snow patches in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5973. [PMID: 33727649 PMCID: PMC7971028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies on snow algae and macroinvertebrates have been frequently conducted on snow patches, only few surveys have been focused on microinvertebrates which reach high biomass and play various trophic roles in other cold habitats. The aims of this study were (1) to search for microinvertebrates in seasonal surface snow patches located on the slope of Mt. Gassan, in northern Japan, and (2) to identify factors determining their distribution associated with snow algal blooms of various colorations (orange, green, and golden-brown) collected from the same sampling site over two seasons (2018, 2019). Microscopic observation revealed presence of two major groups of microinvertebrates: Tardigrada and Rotifera. They were concentrated in green snow colored by blooms of Chloromonas sp. in comparison to orange or golden-brown snow and only a few were found in white snow. Mean body length of tardigrades increased throughout the melt season, their intestine content was green and they laid eggs on colored snow. These results suggest that tardigrades preferentially grew and reproduced on green snow patches. Population densities of tardigrades, rotifers and concentration of chlorophyll a were significantly correlated. Our study indicates that green snow patches in temperate mountainous forests constitute important and unique low-temperature ecosystems for microinvertebrates. Snow covered by algae is an unrecognized novel habitats for tardigrades and rotifers.
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Kaczmarek Ł, Roszkowska M, Poprawa I, Janelt K, Kmita H, Gawlak M, Fiałkowska E, Mioduchowska M. Integrative description of bisexual Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. (Macrobiotidae) from republic of Madagascar (Africa) with microbiome analysis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 145:106730. [PMID: 31904510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a moss samples collected on Madagascar two populations of Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. were found. Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. with the presence of a microplacoid and areolatus type of eggs is similar to Pam. danielae, Pam. garynahi, Pam. hapukuensis, Pam. peteri, Pam. rioplatensis and Pam. savai, but it differs from them by some morphological and morphometric characters of the eggs. The p-distance between two COI haplotypes of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. was 0.17%. In turn, the ranges of uncorrected genetic p-distances of all Paramacrobiotus species available in GenBank was from 18.27% (for Pam. lachowskae) to 25.26% (for Pam. arduus) with an average distance of 20.67%. We also found that Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. is bisexual. This observation was congruent on three levels: (i) morphological - specimen size dimorphism; (ii) structural (primary sexual characteristics) - females have an unpaired ovary while males have an unpaired testis and (iii) molecular - heterozygous and homozygous strains of the ITS-2 marker. Although symbiotic associations of hosts with bacteria (including endosymbiotic bacteria) are common in nature and these interactions exert various effects on the evolution, biology and reproductive ecology of hosts, there is still very little information on the bacterial community associated with tardigrades. To fill this gap and characterise the bacterial community of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. populations and microbiome of its microhabitat, high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragment was performed. The obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences ranged from 92,665 to 131,163. In total, 135 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified across the rarefied dataset. Overall, both Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. populations were dominated by OTUs ascribed to the phylum Proteobacteria (89-92%) and Firmicutes (6-7%). In the case of samples from tardigrades' laboratory habitat, the most abundant bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria (51-90%) and Bacteroides (9-48%). In all compared microbiome profiles, only 16 of 137 OTUs were shared. We found also significant differences in beta diversity between the partly species-specific microbiome of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. and its culturing environment. Two OTUs belonging to a putative bacterial endosymbiont were identified - Rickettsiales and Polynucleobacter. We also demonstrated that each bacterial community was rich in genes involved in membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Milena Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Kamil Janelt
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Hanna Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gawlak
- The Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Edyta Fiałkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Monika Mioduchowska
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Guidetti R, Gneuß E, Cesari M, Altiero T, Schill RO. Life-history traits and description of the new gonochoric amphimictic Mesobiotus joenssoni (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from the island of Elba, Italy. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Comparative analyses of life-history theory studies are based on the characteristics of the life cycles of different species. For tardigrades, life-history traits are available only from laboratory cultures, most of which have involved parthenogenetic species. The discovery of a new gonochoristic bisexual Mesobiotus species in a moss collected on the island of Elba (Italy) provides us with the opportunity to describe Mesobiotus joenssoni sp. nov. and to collect data on the life-history traits of cultured specimens to increase our knowledge of the life-history strategies present in tardigrades. This new species is differentiated from all other species of the genus by the presence of granules (~1 µm in diameter) on the dorsal cuticle of the last two body segments, two large bulges (gibbosities) on the hindlegs and long, conical egg processes. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in body length, with females being longer than males of the same age. The mean lifespan of specimens was 86 days, with a maximum of 150 days. The mean age at first oviposition was 19.8 days and the mean egg hatching time 15.4 days. The life-cycle traits correspond to those collected for the only other two macrobiotid species with gonochoric amphimictic reproduction examined so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Gneuß
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michele Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Altiero
- Department of Education and Humanities, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Allegri 9, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ralph O Schill
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Ito M, Saigo T, Abe W, Kubo T, Kunieda T. Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccation-sensitive tardigradeIsohypsibius myrops(Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tokiko Saigo
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Wataru Abe
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Biology; Dokkyo Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Bingemer J, Hohberg K, Schill RO. First detailed observations on tardigrade mating behaviour and some aspects of the life history ofIsohypsibius dastychiPilato, Bertolani & Binda 1982 (Tardigrada, Isohypsibiidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bingemer
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz; Am Museum 1 02826 Görlitz Germany
| | - Karin Hohberg
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz; Am Museum 1 02826 Görlitz Germany
| | - Ralph O. Schill
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz; Am Museum 1 02826 Görlitz Germany
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Life history of the Antarctic tardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus, under a constant laboratory environment. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Roszkowska M, Ostrowska M, Kaczmarek Ł. The genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840 (Tardigrada) in South America with descriptions of two new species from Argentina and discussion of the feeding behaviour in the family Milnesiidae. Zool Stud 2015; 54:e12. [PMID: 31966099 DOI: 10.1186/s40555-014-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity and distribution of the tardigrades in South America are rather poor and selective, as is information about their feeding behaviour and diet. To date, only ca. 210 tardigrade taxa have been reported from the region of South America. In the present paper, we provide an update of the distribution of the genus Milnesium inSouth America and discuss some aspects of the feeding behaviour in the family Milnesiidae. RESULTS In seven moss samples collected in the Argentinean province of Río Negro, 31 specimens, 4 exuviae and 32 eggs belonging to the genus Milnesium were found. Among them, four species were identified: Milnesium argentinum sp. nov., Milnesium beatae sp. nov., Milnesium brachyungue and Milnesium granulatum. By its dorsal sculpture,M.argentinum sp.nov. is most similar to M.beatae sp.nov., Milnesiumbeasleyi andMilnesiumberladnicorum, butit differs from M.beasleyi andM.berladnicorum mainlyby having a different claw configuration and from M. beatae and M. beasleyi by having stylet supports inserted in a more caudal position and by some other morphometriccharacters. In the width of its buccal tube and the claw configuration [3-3]-[3-3], M.beatae sp.nov. is most similar to Milnesiumbohleberi,M.brachyungue andMilnesiumeurystomum,but it differs from them mainly by having a sculptured dorsal cuticle and by some other morphometric characters. CONCLUSIONS The study discusses distribution and taxonomic problems of the Milnesium species known from South America. As of now, nine Milnesium taxa are known from this region (including two new species reported in this paper). Additionally, the study broadens our knowledge of tardigrades' feeding behaviour, provides some details about their diet and suggests that the type of prey chosen by some species belonging to the family Milnesiidae may be associated with the width of their buccal tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.,Laboratorio de Ecología Natural y Aplicada de Invertebrados, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Campus Principal Km 2.1/2 via a Napo (Paso Lateral) Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Marta Ostrowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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