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PREVALENCE AND PARASITE INTENSITY OF HAEMOGREGARINES IN AFRICAN BELL HINGE-BACK (KINIXYS BELLIANA) AND AFRICAN HOME'S HINGE-BACK (KINIXYS HOMEANA) TORTOISES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA. J Wildl Dis 2022; 58:825-835. [PMID: 36321922 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-21-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Haemogregarines are a group of intracellular blood parasites reported in reptiles, other vertebrate taxa including mammals and fish, and haematophagous invertebrates. Information on prevalence, biodiversity, and host-specificity of haemogregarines of tortoises in Nigeria are scarce. A total of 120 African hinge-back tortoises (Kinixys belliana, n=70, and K. homeana, n=50) were bought from the Wildlife and Herbal Market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood was withdrawn via the subcarapacial sinuses of each tortoise. The prevalence and parasite intensity of haemogregarine infection was determined using a light microscope, and parasite species were determined by PCR using HepF300 and HepR900 primers. A sequence of 654 base pairs (bp; Hepatozoon cf. fitzsimonsi) from the study aligned with published 18SrRNA and closely related with a similarity of 97.38% to Hepatozoon fitzsimonsi sequenced from Kinixys zobensis in South Africa. Overall prevalence of haemogregarines was 53.33% from light microcopy and 75.83% from PCR, which is considered very high. Higher prevalence and mean±SD parasite intensity were recorded for K. belliana (82.89%, 0.29%) than for K. homeana (66.00%, 0.26%). Prevalence rates and parasite intensities of haemogregarines were significantly higher in wet than in dry seasons. The differences in prevalence and intensity between and within species may be due to habitat characteristics, feeding habits of vectors and hosts, seasons, and vector abundance.
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Cordero GA, Vamberger M, Fritz U, Ihlow F. Skeletal repatterning enhances the protective capacity of the shell in African hinge-back tortoises (Kinixys). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1558-1573. [PMID: 35582737 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the structural association of skeletal traits are crucial to the evolution of novel forms and functions. In vertebrates, such rearrangements often occur gradually and may precede or coincide with the functional activation of skeletal traits. To illustrate this process, we examined the ontogeny of African hinge-back tortoises (Kinixys spp.). Kinixys species feature a moveable "hinge" on the dorsal shell (carapace) that enables shell closure (kinesis) when the hind limbs are withdrawn. This hinge, however, is absent in juveniles. Herein, we describe how this unusual phenotype arises via alterations in the tissue configuration and shape of the carapace. The ontogenetic repatterning of osseous and keratinous tissue coincided with shifts in morphological integration and the establishment of anterior (static) and posterior (kinetic) carapacial modules. Based on ex vivo skeletal movement and raw anatomy, we propose that Kinixys employs a "sliding hinge" shell-closing system that overcomes thoracic rigidity and enhances the protective capacity of the carapace. Universal properties of the vertebrate skeleton, such as plasticity, modularity, and secondary maturation processes, contributed to adaptive evolutionary change in Kinixys. We discuss a hypothetical model to explain the delayed emergence of skeletal traits and its relevance to the origins of novel form-to-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A Cordero
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Flora Ihlow
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Zhao Z, Oosthuizen J, Heideman N. How many species does the
Psammobates tentorius
(tent tortoise) species complex (Reptilia, Testudinidae) comprise? A taxonomic solution potentially applicable to species complexes. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongning Zhao
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Jaco Oosthuizen
- School of Pathology University of the Free Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Neil Heideman
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
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Lloyd KJ, Parker DM. Preliminary diet record of hinge‐back tortoise
Kinixys zombensis
: A potential seed disperser? Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Lloyd
- Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Makhanda South Africa
| | - Daniel M. Parker
- Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Makhanda South Africa
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Georgalis GL, Macaluso L, Delfino M. A Review of the Fossil Record of Afro-Arabian Turtles of the Clade Testudinoidea. BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2021. [DOI: 10.3374/014.062.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios L. Georgalis
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland —
| | - Loredana Macaluso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Delfino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Spitzweg C, Vamberger M, Ihlow F, Fritz U, Hofmeyr MD. How many species of angulate tortoises occur in Southern Africa? (Testudines: Testudinidae:
Chersina
). ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cäcilia Spitzweg
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Melita Vamberger
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Flora Ihlow
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Margaretha D. Hofmeyr
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
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Vargas-Ramírez M, Caballero S, Morales-Betancourt MA, Lasso CA, Amaya L, Martínez JG, das Neves Silva Viana M, Vogt RC, Farias IP, Hrbek T, Campbell PD, Fritz U. Genomic analyses reveal two species of the matamata (Testudines: Chelidae: Chelus spp.) and clarify their phylogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106823. [PMID: 32278863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The matamata is one of the most charismatic turtles on earth, widely distributed in northern South America. Debates have occurred over whether or not there should be two subspecies or species recognized due to its geographic variation in morphology. Even though the matamata is universally known, its natural history, conservation status and biogeography are largely unexplored. In this study we examined the phylogeographic differentiation of the matamata based on three mitochondrial DNA fragments (2168 bp of the control region, cytochrome oxidase subunit I, and the cytochrome b gene), one nuclear genomic DNA fragment (1068 bp of the R35 intron) and 1661 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Our molecular and morphological analyses revealed the existence of two distinct, genetically deeply divergent evolutionary lineages of matamatas that separated in the late Miocene (approximately 12.7 million years ago), corresponding well to the time when the Orinoco Basin was established. As a result of our analyses, we describe the genetically and morphologically highly distinct matamata from the Orinoco and Río Negro Basins and the Essequibo drainage as a species new to science (Chelus orinocensis sp. nov.). Chelus fimbriata sensu stricto is distributed in the Amazon Basin and the Mahury drainage. Additionally, the analyses revealed that each species displays phylogeographic differentiation. For C. orinocensis, there is moderate mitochondrial differentiation between the Orinoco and the Río Negro. For C. fimbriata, there is more pronounced differentiation matching different river systems. One mitochondrial clade was identified from the Amazon, Ucayali, and Mahury Rivers, and another one from the Madeira and Jaci Paraná Rivers. The C. orinocensis in the Essequibo and Branco Rivers have haplotypes that constitute a third clade clustering with C. fimbriata. Phylogenetic analyses of the R35 intron and SNP data link the matamatas from the Essequibo and Branco with the new species, suggesting past gene flow and old mitochondrial introgression. Chelus orinocensis is collected for the pet trade in Colombia and Venezuela. However, neither the extent of the harvest nor its impact are known. Hence, it is crucial to gather more information and to assess its exploitation throughout its distribution range to obtain a better understanding of its conservation status and to design appropriate conservation and management procedures. RESUMEN: La matamata es una de las tortugas más carismáticas del mundo, ampliamente distribuida en el norte de Sudamérica. Debido a su variación morfológica geográfica, se debate sobre el reconocimiento de dos subespecies o especies. A pesar de que la matamata es universalmente conocida, su historia natural, estado de conservación y biogeografía han sido muy poco estudiados. En este estudio examinamos la diferenciación filogeográfica de las matamatas en base a tres fragmentos de ADN mitocondrial (2168 pb de la región de control, la subunidad I del citocromo oxidasa y el gen del citocromo b), un fragmento de ADN genómico nuclear (1068 pb del intrón R35) y 1661 polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs). Nuestros análisis moleculares y morfológicos revelaron la existencia de dos linajes evolutivos distintos de matamatas, genéticamente divergentes que se separaron en el Mioceno tardio (hace aproximadamente 12.7 millones de años), correspondiendo al tiempo en que se estableció la cuenca del Orinoco. Como resultado de nuestros análisis, describimos las genéticamente y morfológicamente distintas matamatas de las cuencas del Orinoco, Río Negro y Essequibo como una especie nueva para la ciencia (Chelus orinocensis sp. nov.). Chelus fimbriata sensu stricto se distribuye en la cuenca del Amazonas y en el drenaje del Mahury. Adicionalmente, los análisis revelaron que cada especie muestra diferenciación filogeográfica. Para C. orinocensis, hay una moderada diferenciación mitocondrial entre el Orinoco y el Río Negro. Para C. fimbriata, hay una diferenciación más pronunciada, concordando con los diferentes sistemas fluviales. Se identificó un clado de los ríos Amazonas, Ucayali y Mahury y otro de los ríos Madeira y Jaci Paraná. Las C. orinocensis de los ríos Essequibo y Branco tienen haplotipos que constituyen un tercer clado que se agrupa con C. fimbriata. Los análisis filogenéticos del intrón R35 y los datos de SNP asocian las matamatas de Essequibo y Branco con la nueva especie, sugiriendo flujo de genes pasado e introgresión mitocondrial antigua. Chelus orinocensis se colecta para el comercio de mascotas en Colombia y Venezuela. Sin embargo, ni se conoce el alcance de las colectas ni su impacto. Por lo tanto, es crucial recopilar más información y evaluar su explotación en todo su rango de distribución, comprender mejor su estado de conservación y para diseñar acciones apropiadas de conservación y manejo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Estación de Biología Tropical Roberto Franco (EBTRF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia; Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos-LEMVA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica A Morales-Betancourt
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Línea de Recursos Hidrobiológicos, Pesqueros Continentales y Fauna Silvestre, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Lasso
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Línea de Recursos Hidrobiológicos, Pesqueros Continentales y Fauna Silvestre, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Amaya
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos-LEMVA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Gregorio Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria das Neves Silva Viana
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Richard C Vogt
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patrick D Campbell
- Department of Life Sciences, Darwin Centre 1, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, Dresden, Germany
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Zhao Z, Heideman N, Grobler P, Jordaan A, Bester P, Hofmeyr MD. Unraveling the diversification and systematic puzzle of the highly polymorphic Psammobates tentorius(Bell, 1828) complex (Reptilia: Testudinidae) through phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation approaches. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongning Zhao
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Neil Heideman
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Paul Grobler
- Department of Genetics University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Adriaan Jordaan
- Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Phillip Bester
- Department of Virology University of the Free State and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Margaretha D. Hofmeyr
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
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9
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Vlachos E, Rabi M. Total evidence analysis and body size evolution of extant and extinct tortoises (Testudines: Cryptodira: Pan-Testudinidae). Cladistics 2018; 34:652-683. [PMID: 34706483 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Testudinidae (tortoises) is an extant clade of terrestrial turtles of worldwide distribution and with a rich fossil record that provides an exceptional context for studying their evolutionary history. Because of the lack of global phylogenetic analyses integrating extinct taxa, our current knowledge of the relationships of the total clade of Testudinidae is rather poor. To resolve this issue, we performed the first total evidence analysis of Pan-Testudinidae. The total evidence trees are congruent with the molecular topology and agree on the dichotomy of derived Testudinidae (=Testudininae; Converted Clade Name) into two previously recognized major clades, Testudona and Geochelona (New Clade Name). The integration of extinct taxa into the analysis allowed the stratigraphic fit of the total evidence trees, indicating that crown Testudininae, Testudona and Geochelona all originated by the Late Eocene, in agreement with recent molecular estimates. Ghost lineage analysis indicates high diversification in the Late Eocene and in the Miocene. The age of crown Testudo is Late Miocene, again in accordance with some molecular dates. Phylogenetic placement of fossils demonstrates that giant body size independently evolved in multiple continental mainland taxa and confirms recent results deduced from living taxa-giantism in Testudinidae is not linked to the insular effect. An unexpected outcome is the recovery of miniaturization in Testudona (<30 cm carapace length) that emerged sometime between the Oligocene and Early Miocene. No clear correlation between body size evolution and climate is apparent, but increased taxon sampling may nevertheless demonstrate the role of cooling and warming as one of many influential variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Vlachos
- CONICET - Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Av. Fontana 140, Trelew, Chubut, 9100, Argentina.,School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Márton Rabi
- Central Natural Science Collections, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Domplatz 4, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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Vargas-Ramírez M, del Valle C, Ceballos CP, Fritz U. Trachemys medemin. sp. from northwestern Colombia turns the biogeography of South American slider turtles upside down. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética; Instituto de Genética; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogotá Colombia
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Carlos del Valle
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética; Instituto de Genética; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Claudia P. Ceballos
- Grupo GaMMA; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad de Antioquia; Medellín Colombia
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Hofmeyr MD, Vamberger M, Branch W, Schleicher A, Daniels SR. Tortoise (Reptilia, Testudinidae) radiations in Southern Africa from the Eocene to the present. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha D. Hofmeyr
- Chelonian Biodiversity and Conservation; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology; University of the Western Cape; Private Bag X17 Bellville 7535 South Africa
| | - Melita Vamberger
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; A. B. Meyer Building 01109 Dresden Germany
| | - William Branch
- Department of Herpetology; Port Elizabeth Museum; P.O. Box 13147 Humewood 6013 South Africa
- Department of Zoology; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; P.O. Box 77000 Port Elizabeth 6031 South Africa
| | | | - Savel R. Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
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12
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Kindler C, Moosig M, Branch WR, Harvey J, Kehlmaier C, Nagy ZT, Prokop H, Široký P, Fritz U. Comparative phylogeographies of six species of hinged terrapins (Pelusiosspp.) reveal discordant patterns and unexpected differentiation in theP. castaneus/P. chapinicomplex andP. rhodesianus. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kindler
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; A. B. Meyer Building Dresden 01109 Germany
| | - Maggie Moosig
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; A. B. Meyer Building Dresden 01109 Germany
| | - William R. Branch
- Department of Herpetology; Port Elizabeth Museum; P.O. Box 13147 Humewood 6013 South Africa
- Department of Zoology; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; P.O. Box 77000 Port Elizabeth 6031 South Africa
| | - James Harvey
- 35 Carbis Road Pietermaritzburg 3201 South Africa
| | - Christian Kehlmaier
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; A. B. Meyer Building Dresden 01109 Germany
| | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; JEMU; Rue Vautier 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
| | | | - Pavel Široký
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Palackého tř. 1/3 Brno 612 42 Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Dresden; A. B. Meyer Building Dresden 01109 Germany
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Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto G, Eniang EA, Petrozzi F, Vignoli L, Dendi D, Akani GC, Luiselli L. Aspects of the ecology of the tortoiseKinixys nogueyi(Lataste, 1886) in Togo and Nigeria (West Africa). TROPICAL ZOOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2014.992616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Torstrom SM, Pangle KL, Swanson BJ. Shedding subspecies: The influence of genetics on reptile subspecies taxonomy. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Kornilios P, Thanou E, Lymberakis P, Sindaco R, Liuzzi C, Giokas S. Mitochondrial phylogeography, intraspecific diversity and phenotypic convergence in the four-lined snake (Reptilia, Squamata). ZOOL SCR 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kornilios
- Section of Animal Biology; Department of Biology; School of Natural Sciences; University of Patras; GR-26500 Patras Greece
| | - Evanthia Thanou
- Section of Animal Biology; Department of Biology; School of Natural Sciences; University of Patras; GR-26500 Patras Greece
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Knossou Ave. 71409, Crete Irakleio Greece
| | - Roberto Sindaco
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale; via San Francesco di Sales 88, 10022 Carmagnola Torino Italy
| | - Cristiano Liuzzi
- Riserva Naturale dello Stato Le Cesine Oasi WWF; Masseria Cesine, 73029 Vernole Lecce Italy
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Section of Animal Biology; Department of Biology; School of Natural Sciences; University of Patras; GR-26500 Patras Greece
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Stuckas H, Gemel R, Fritz U. One extinct turtle species less: Pelusios seychellensis is not extinct, it never existed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57116. [PMID: 23573185 PMCID: PMC3616038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelusios seychellensis is thought to be a freshwater turtle species endemic to the island of Mahé, Seychelles. There are only three museum specimens from the late 19(th) century known. The species has been never found again, despite intensive searches on Mahé. Therefore, P. seychellensis has been declared as "Extinct" by the IUCN and is the sole putatively extinct freshwater turtle species. Using DNA sequences of three mitochondrial genes of the historical type specimen and phylogenetic analyses including all other species of the genus, we provide evidence that the description of P. seychellensis was erroneously based on a widely distributed West African species, P. castaneus. Consequently, we synonymize the two species and delete P. seychellensis from the list of extinct chelonian species and from the faunal list of the Seychelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Stuckas
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Engleder A, Haring E, Kirchhof S, Mayer W. Multiple nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences provide new insights into the phylogeny of South African Lacertids (Lacertidae, Eremiadinae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Engleder
- Central Research Laboratories; Museum of Natural History Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Intagrative Zoology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Central Research Laboratories; Museum of Natural History Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Intagrative Zoology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Sebastian Kirchhof
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity; Berlin Germany
| | - Werner Mayer
- Central Research Laboratories; Museum of Natural History Vienna; Vienna Austria
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18
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Murphy RW, Crawford AJ, Bauer AM, Che J, Donnellan SC, Fritz U, Haddad CF, Nagy ZT, Poyarkov NA, Vences M, Wang W, Zhang Y. Cold Code: the global initiative to
DNA
barcode amphibians and nonavian reptiles. Mol Ecol Resour 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution State, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum 100 Queen's Park Toronto Canada M5S 2C6
| | - Andrew J. Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences Universidad de los Andes A.A. 4976 Bogotá Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092 Panamá Republic of Panama
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology Villanova University 800 Lancaster Avenue Villanova PA 19085‐1699 USA
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution State, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Stephen C. Donnellan
- Evolutionary Biology Unit South Australian Museum North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology Koenigsbruecker Landstr. 159 Dresden 01109 Germany
| | - Célio F.B. Haddad
- Departmento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Av. 24 A 1515 Rio Claro 13506‐900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Joint Experimental Molecular Unit Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Nikolay A. Poyarkov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Moscow MV Lomonosov State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute Technical University of Braunschweig Mendelssohnstr. 4 Braunschweig 38106 Germany
| | - Wen‐zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution State, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Ya‐ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution State, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐resources Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
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Weak divergence among African, Malagasy and Seychellois hinged terrapins (Pelusios castanoides, P. subniger) and evidence for human-mediated oversea dispersal. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vargas-Ramírez M, Michels J, Castaño-Mora OV, Cárdenas-Arevalo G, Gallego-García N, Fritz U. Weak genetic divergence between the two South American toad-headed turtles Mesoclemmys dahli and M. zuliae (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00002840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesoclemmys dahli and M. zuliae are two endangered, little-known toad-headed turtles with small distribution ranges in Colombia and Venezuela, respectively. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene as a marker, we investigate their phylogeographic differentiation. Furthermore, based on 2341 bp of mtDNA and 2109 bp of nDNA of M. dahli, M. zuliae and allied chelid turtles, we infer their divergence time using a fossil-calibrated relaxed molecular clock approach. Mesoclemmys dahli and M. zuliae are closely related species, with an estimated mean divergence time of 10.6 million years. This estimate correlates with the uplift of the Serranía de Perijá, an Andean mountain chain separating their distribution ranges, suggesting that this event could have caused the evolution of the two species. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities of M. dahli are markedly higher than in Podocnemis lewyana, another endemic turtle species of Colombia. This pronounced dissimilarity may reflect differences in the phylogeographies and demographic histories of the two species, but also different habitat preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- 1Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
- 3Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jan Michels
- 2Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Gladys Cárdenas-Arevalo
- 3Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Gallego-García
- 3Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Uwe Fritz
- 1Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
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