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Sakai Y, Taniguchi T, Herai Y, Yahaba M, Watanabe A, Kamei K, Igari H. Fungemia With Wickerhamomyces anomalus: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53550. [PMID: 38445156 PMCID: PMC10912825 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the case of an 84-year-old man with a history of IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis who was diagnosed with advanced esophageal cancer and underwent radiation and chemotherapy. An implantable central venous access port was placed for chemotherapy and total parenteral nutrition. The patient presented with a fever and received antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis but remained febrile, and subsequently, yeast was detected in the aerobic bottle of blood culture obtained from the central venous line. The yeast was identified as Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered, and the central line access port was removed. After confirmation of negative blood cultures and 14 days post treatment, he underwent reinsertion of the central line access port. Due to persistent pain at the insertion site, fluconazole was added for an additional 14 days, and the patient was discharged and transferred to another hospital. Wickerhamomyces anomalus is a rare fungal infection with other synonyms including Pichia anomala, Hansenula anomala, and Candida pelliculosa. A literature review of 53 case reports of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Pichia anomala, Hansenula anomala, and Candida pelliculosa was conducted, with a total of 211 cases reviewed. Fungemia was reported in 94% of cases, with central venous catheterization, parental feeding, low birth weight, and immunocompromised status identified as major risk factors. The majority of cases were pediatric, particularly neonatal, and there were reports of nosocomial infections causing outbreaks, with some cases involving the eye such as endophthalmitis or keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Sakai
- Infectious Diseases, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, JPN
| | | | - Yoriko Herai
- Infectious Diseases, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, JPN
- Respiratory Medicine, Misato Central General Hospital, Misato, JPN
| | - Misuzu Yahaba
- Infectious Diseases, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, JPN
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Clinical Research, Chiba University Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba, JPN
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Clinical Research, Chiba University Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba, JPN
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Justiz-Vaillant AA, Gopaul D, Akpaka PE, Soodeen S, Arozarena Fundora R. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency-Classification, Microbiology Association and Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1589. [PMID: 37375091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a primary inherited immunodeficiency disease that presents before the age of three months and can be fatal. It is usually due to opportunistic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa resulting in a decrease in number and impairment in the function of T and B cells. Autosomal, X-linked, and sporadic forms exist. Evidence of recurrent opportunistic infections and lymphopenia very early in life should prompt immunological investigation and suspicion of this rare disorder. Adequate stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive approach to the microorganisms associated with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and its management. We describe SCID as a syndrome and summarize the different microorganisms that affect children and how they can be investigated and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A Justiz-Vaillant
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Darren Gopaul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Port of Spain General Hospital, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Patrick Eberechi Akpaka
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sachin Soodeen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rodolfo Arozarena Fundora
- Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Sajid M, Srivastava S, Yadav RK, Joshi L, Bharadwaj M. Fungal Community Composition and Function Associated with Loose Smokeless Tobacco Products. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:131. [PMID: 36894760 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) contain several microbial communities which are responsible for the formation of carcinogens, like tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNAs). A majority of STPs are sold in loose/unpackaged form which can be loaded with a diverse microbial population. Here, the fungal population and mycotoxins level of three popular Indian loose STPs, Dohra, Mainpuri Kapoori (MK), and loose leaf-chewing tobacco (LCT) was examined using metagenomic sequencing of ITS1 DNA segment of the fungal genome and LC-MS/MS, respectively. We observed that Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum and Sterigmatomyces and Pichia were the predominant fungal genera in loose STPs. MK displayed the highest α-diversity being enriched with pathogenic fungi Apiotrichum, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Trichosporon, and Wallemia. Further, FUNGuild analysis revealed an abundance of saprotrophs in MK, while pathogen-saprotroph-symbiotroph were abundant in Dohra and LCT. The level of a fungal toxin (ochratoxins A) was high in the MK product. This study caution that loose STPs harbor various harmful fungi that can infect their users and deliver fungal toxins or disrupt the oral microbiome of SLT users which can contribute to several oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajid
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi K Yadav
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lata Joshi
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Aboutalebian S, Mirhendi H, Eshaghi H, Nikmanesh B, Charsizadeh A. The first case of Wickerhamomyces anomalus fungemia in Iran in an immuneodeficient child, a review on the literature. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101351. [PMID: 36413850 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of invasive candidiasis in pediatric patients is increasing and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. C. pelliculosa has been rarely reported as a human pathogen, however, it has been associated with serious nosocomial infections and clonal outbreaks with poor clinical outcomes in immunocompromised children were reported. Here, we describe the first case of candidemia due to Candida pelliculosa in a 5-year-old immunocompromised male suffered from Griscelli syndrome with hemophagocytic syndrome hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), Tehran, Iran. In addition, the history of reported cases or case-series due to C. pelliculosa is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Eshaghi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehrn, Iran; Zoonoses Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Charsizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.
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Sajid M, Srivastava S, Yadav RK, Singh H, Singh S, Bharadwaj M. Composition and Ecological Functionality of Fungal Communities Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products Mainly Consumed in India. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0227321. [PMID: 35695566 PMCID: PMC9430657 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02273-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities present in smokeless tobacco products (STPs) perform critical steps in the synthesis of carcinogens, mainly tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Most studies emphasize the bacterial component, and the mycobiome of STPs has not been well characterized. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities in the different categories of STPs by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA region of the fungal genome. The ecological character of the fungal community associated with STPs was determined by using FUNGuild. Our results indicated that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant fungal phyla across all STPs. The predominant fungal genera in STPs were Pichia, Sterigmatomyces, and Mortierella. The α-diversity varied significantly across the STPs based on observed, Fisher, and Shannon indices. Using SparCC cooccurrence network analysis, significant positive correlations of 58.5% and negative connections of 41.5% were obtained among fungal genera identified in STPs. Furthermore, the functional predictions by FUNGuild determined that STPs possessed high abundances of saprotroph and pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph fungal trophic groups. At the functional guild level, the qiwam samples contained high abundances of soil saprotrophs, while plant pathogens were prevalent in pan-masala samples. These results suggest that various fungal populations reside in STPs and interrelate with each other and can contribute to the synthesis of TSNAs. This study has established the basis for future large-scale investigations of STP-associated mycobiota and the impact of such mycobiota in oral carcinogenesis in STP users via inflammation and carcinogens (TSNAs and mycotoxins). IMPORTANCE Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) contain complex microbial communities that influence the synthesis of carcinogens, such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Research on STP-associated bacterial populations revealed connections between bacterial metabolism and TSNA synthesis. The abundance of the fungal population may also have an impact on the production of TSNAs. This study examined STPs popularly used in India, and diverse fungal communities were identified in these STPs. Pichia, Sterigmatomyces, and Mortierella were the predominant fungal genera in the STPs. High abundances of saprotroph and pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph trophic groups in STPs could affect the degradation of tobacco products and the synthesis of TSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajid
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Yadav
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- WHO-FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Smokeless tobacco consumption induces dysbiosis of oral mycobiome: a pilot study. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5643-5657. [PMID: 35913514 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) alters the oral microbiome of smokeless tobacco users. Dysbiosis of oral bacteriome has been determined; however, the mycobiome of SLT users has not been characterized. The oral mycobiome was assayed by amplification and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region from oral swab samples of non-SLT users, SLT users (with or without oral lesions), and SLT with alcohol users. We observed that the richness and diversity of oral mycobiome were significantly decreased in SLT with oral lesions users than in non-users. The β-diversity analysis showed significant dissimilarity of oral mycobiome between non-users and SLT with oral lesions users. Linear discriminant analysis effect size and random forest analysis of oral mycobiome affirm that the genus Pichia was typical for SLT with oral lesions users. Prevalence of the fungal genus Pichia correlates positively with Starmerella, Mortierella, Fusarium, Calonectria, and Madurella, but is negatively correlated with Pyrenochaeta, Botryosporium, and Alternaria. Further, the determination of oral mycobiome functionality showed a high abundance of pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph and animal pathogen-endophyte-epiphyte-undefined saprotroph at trophic and guild levels, respectively, indicating possibly major changes in normal growth repression of types of fungi. The oral mycobiome in SLT users was identified and comprehensively analyzed for the first time. SLT intake is associated with oral mycobiome dysbiosis and such alterations of the oral mycobiome may contribute to oral carcinogenesis in SLT users. This study will provide a basis for further large-scale investigations on the potential role of the mycobiome in SLT-induced oral cancer. KEY POINTS: • SLT induces dysbiosis of the oral microbiome that can contribute to oral cancer. • Oral mycobiome diversity is noticeably reduced in SLT users having oral lesions. • Occurrence of Pichia can be used as a biomarker for SLT users having oral lesions.
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Jain N, Jansone I, Obidenova T, Sīmanis R, Meisters J, Straupmane D, Reinis A. Epidemiological Characterization of Clinical Fungal Isolates from Pauls Stradinš Clinical University Hospital, Latvia: A 4-Year Surveillance Report. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1002. [PMID: 34685374 PMCID: PMC8537438 DOI: 10.3390/life11101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial fungal infections are an emerging global public health threat that requires urgent attention and proper management. With the limited availability of treatment options, it has become necessary to understand the emerging epidemiological trends, mechanisms, and risk factors. However, very limited surveillance reports are available in the Latvian and broader European context. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory data (2017-2020) from Pauls Stradinš Clinical University Hospital (PSCUH), Riga, Latvia, which is one of the largest public multispecialty hospitals in Latvia. A total of 2278 fungal isolates were analyzed during the study period, with Candida spp. comprising 95% of the isolates, followed by Aspergillus spp. and Geotrichum spp. Amongst the Candida spp., C. albicans and C. glabrata made up about 75% of the isolates. The Department of Lung Diseases and Thoracic Surgery had the highest caseload followed by Intensive Care Department. Majority of the fungal isolates were collected from the bronchoalveolar lavage (37%), followed by urine (19%) and sputum (18%) samples. A total of 34 cases of candidemia were noted during the study period with C. albicans being the most common candidemia pathogen. Proper surveillance of emerging epidemiological trends serve as the most reliable and powerful cornerstone towards tackling this emerging threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Jain
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Inese Jansone
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (I.J.); (T.O.); (J.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Tatjana Obidenova
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (I.J.); (T.O.); (J.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Raimonds Sīmanis
- Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Jānis Meisters
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (I.J.); (T.O.); (J.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Dagnija Straupmane
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (I.J.); (T.O.); (J.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Aigars Reinis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Joint Laboratory, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (I.J.); (T.O.); (J.M.); (D.S.)
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Dutra VR, Silva LF, Oliveira ANM, Beirigo EF, Arthur VM, Bernardes da Silva R, Ferreira TB, Andrade-Silva L, Silva MV, Fonseca FM, Silva-Vergara ML, Ferreira-Paim K. Fatal Case of Fungemia by Wickerhamomyces anomalus in a Pediatric Patient Diagnosed in a Teaching Hospital from Brazil. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030147. [PMID: 32854208 PMCID: PMC7558373 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, emerging fungal infections have changed the clinical mycology scenario as a consequence of the advances in medical diagnostics and therapeutic procedures, long hospitalization times, and the growing number of individuals with debilitating chronic diseases and impaired immune systems. This report presents a 19 months old Brazilian female patient who developed a severe fungal sepsis by an uncommon yeast. She was admitted at the intensive care unit with severe pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and weight-for-age z score of less than −2. She remained more than 30 days in the intensive care unit where she had a femoral venous catheter placement, enteral nutrition, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and prophylaxis with fluconazole. Moreover, pericardiocentesis was performed due to cardiac tamponade. She had a previous history of prematurity, cardiac surgery due to patent ductus arteriosus, and a long period of hospital stay. Despite the antifungal prophylaxis, two yeast isolates were recovered from blood and then identified by classical mycological methods and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing as Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Both isolates exhibited susceptibility to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole. Her clinical state worsened, presenting anasarca, epistaxis, and hemorrhagic suffusions in the mouth, sclera, oliguria, and bradycardia. Two days after the first positive culture, she presented a gradual reduction of the white blood cells count, with severe leukopenia and neutropenia. She died five days after.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rodrigues Dutra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38015-050, Brazil; (V.R.D.); (L.F.S.); (E.F.B.); (V.M.A.); (R.B.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Leonardo Francisco Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38015-050, Brazil; (V.R.D.); (L.F.S.); (E.F.B.); (V.M.A.); (R.B.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | | | - Emília Freitas Beirigo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38015-050, Brazil; (V.R.D.); (L.F.S.); (E.F.B.); (V.M.A.); (R.B.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Vanessa Mello Arthur
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38015-050, Brazil; (V.R.D.); (L.F.S.); (E.F.B.); (V.M.A.); (R.B.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Raíssa Bernardes da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38015-050, Brazil; (V.R.D.); (L.F.S.); (E.F.B.); (V.M.A.); (R.B.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Thatiana Bragine Ferreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-440, Brazil; (T.B.F.); (L.A.-S.); (M.L.S.-V.)
| | - Leonardo Andrade-Silva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-440, Brazil; (T.B.F.); (L.A.-S.); (M.L.S.-V.)
| | - Marcos Vinícius Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38015-050, Brazil; (V.R.D.); (L.F.S.); (E.F.B.); (V.M.A.); (R.B.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | | | - Mario León Silva-Vergara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-440, Brazil; (T.B.F.); (L.A.-S.); (M.L.S.-V.)
| | - Kennio Ferreira-Paim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38015-050, Brazil; (V.R.D.); (L.F.S.); (E.F.B.); (V.M.A.); (R.B.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-440, Brazil; (T.B.F.); (L.A.-S.); (M.L.S.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-34-3700-6480
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Byrne DD, Reboli AC. Rare Yeast Infections: Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Special Considerations. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Belda I, Ruiz J, Alonso A, Marquina D, Santos A. The Biology of Pichia membranifaciens Killer Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040112. [PMID: 28333108 PMCID: PMC5408186 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The killer phenomenon is defined as the ability of some yeast to secrete toxins that are lethal to other sensitive yeasts and filamentous fungi. Since the discovery of strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of secreting killer toxins, much information has been gained regarding killer toxins and this fact has substantially contributed knowledge on fundamental aspects of cell biology and yeast genetics. The killer phenomenon has been studied in Pichia membranifaciens for several years, during which two toxins have been described. PMKT and PMKT2 are proteins of low molecular mass that bind to primary receptors located in the cell wall structure of sensitive yeast cells, linear (1→6)-β-d-glucans and mannoproteins for PMKT and PMKT2, respectively. Cwp2p also acts as a secondary receptor for PMKT. Killing of sensitive cells by PMKT is characterized by ionic movements across plasma membrane and an acidification of the intracellular pH triggering an activation of the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway. On the contrary, our investigations showed a mechanism of killing in which cells are arrested at an early S-phase by high concentrations of PMKT2. However, we concluded that induced mortality at low PMKT2 doses and also PMKT is indeed of an apoptotic nature. Killer yeasts and their toxins have found potential applications in several fields: in food and beverage production, as biocontrol agents, in yeast bio-typing, and as novel antimycotic agents. Accordingly, several applications have been found for P. membranifaciens killer toxins, ranging from pre- and post-harvest biocontrol of plant pathogens to applications during wine fermentation and ageing (inhibition of Botrytis cinerea, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Belda
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Domingo Marquina
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Invasive Fungal Infection in Primary Immunodeficiencies Other Than Chronic Granulomatous Disease. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-017-0273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Schwanniomyces etchellsii: an unusual cause of fungemia in a patient with cholecystitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 84:221-2. [PMID: 26707066 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Schwanniomyces species are largely unrecognized as being pathogenic, and a paucity of published reports exist regarding their role as infectious agents. Here, for the first time, we describe a case of human infection caused by Schwanniomyces etchellsii in a patient with cholecystitis.
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Caira M, Trecarichi EM, Tumbarello M, Leone G, Pagano L. Uncommon yeast infections in hematological patients: from diagnosis to treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 9:1067-75. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Lin HC, Lin HY, Su BH, Ho MW, Ho CM, Lee CY, Lin MH, Hsieh HY, Lin HC, Li TC, Hwang KP, Lu JJ. Reporting an outbreak of Candida pelliculosa fungemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 46:456-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Chan AW, Cartwright EJ, Reddy SC, Kraft CS, Wang YF. Pichia anomala (Candida pelliculosa) fungemia in a patient with sickle cell disease. Mycopathologia 2013; 176:273-7. [PMID: 23884540 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This case report discusses a patient with sickle cell disease who presented with fungemia from Pichia anomala (teleomorph: Candida pelliculosa). The organism was identified as P. anomala by MALDI-TOF VITEK mass spectrometry and VITEK 2 yeast identification card. Pichia anomala should be considered in sickle cell patients with recurrent fungemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin W Chan
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Miceli MH, Díaz JA, Lee SA. Emerging opportunistic yeast infections. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2011; 11:142-51. [PMID: 21272794 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa H Miceli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, MI, USA
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17
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Jung PP, Friedrich A, Souciet JL, Louis V, Potier S, de Montigny J, Schacherer J. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the yeast Pichia farinosa and comparative analysis of closely related species. Curr Genet 2010; 56:507-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-010-0318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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19
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Sugano H, Ueda T, Migita M, Mimura S, Maeda M, Sugita T, Fukunaga Y. Pichia anomala pneumonia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on maintenance therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1574-6. [PMID: 20528245 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.488707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Boyken LB, Hollis RJ, Kroeger J, Tendolkar S, Pfaller MA. In vitro activity of seven systemically active antifungal agents against a large global collection of rare Candida species as determined by CLSI broth microdilution methods. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3170-7. [PMID: 19710283 PMCID: PMC2756931 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00942-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Five Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei) account for over 95% of invasive candidiasis cases. Some less common Candida species have emerged as causes of nosocomial candidiasis, but there is little information about their in vitro susceptibilities to antifungals. We determined the in vitro activities of fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against invasive, unique patient isolates of Candida collected from 100 centers worldwide between January 2001 and December 2007. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by the CLSI M27-A3 method. CLSI breakpoints for susceptibility were used for fluconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin, while a provisional susceptibility breakpoint of < or = 1 microg/ml was used for amphotericin and posaconazole. Of 14,007 Candida isolates tested, 658 (4.7%) were among the less common species. Against all 658 isolates combined, the activity of each agent, expressed as the MIC50/MIC90 ratio (and the percentage of susceptible isolates) was as follows: fluconazole, 1/4 (94.8%); voriconazole, 0.03/0.12 (98.6%); posaconazole, 0.12/0.5 (95.9%); amphotericin, 0.5/2 (88.3%); anidulafungin, 0.5/2 (97.4%); caspofungin, 0.12/0.5 (98.0%); and micafungin, 0.25/1 (99.2%). Among the isolates not susceptible to one or more of the echinocandins, most (68%) were C. guilliermondii. All isolates of the less common species within the C. parapsilosis complex (C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis) were susceptible to voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin. Over 95% of clinical isolates of the rare Candida species were susceptible to the available antifungals. However, activity did vary by drug-species combination, with some species (e.g., C. rugosa and C. guilliermondii) demonstrating reduced susceptibilities to commonly used agents such as fluconazole and echinocandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Diekema
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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21
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Koczoń P. Growth inhibition mode of action of selected benzoic acid derivatives against the yeast Pichia anomala. J Food Prot 2009; 72:791-800. [PMID: 19435228 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.4.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three benzoic acid derivatives (zinc p-iodobenzoate, zinc p-hydroxybenzoate, and zinc p-aminobenzoate) were synthesized and tested chemically and microbiologically in order to explain their mode of action against the yeast Pichia anomala. The yeast strains were cultivated in batch culture of chemically defined minimal medium (control) and with the addition of the studied compound at concentrations of 0.103 to 0.166% (wt/vol). The growth of microorganisms, H+ concentration, and the concentrations of both dissociated and undissociated forms of the appropriate weak acid in the medium were monitored at 1-h intervals during 24 h of incubation. The inhibitory effect of each compound on the growth of microorganisms was calculated based on measurement of optical density at 600 nm turbidity. The K parameter, defined as the ratio of the concentration of undissociated weak acid to the number of microorganisms in the medium, was determined. The K value is related to the degree of growth inhibition and provides new insight into the mode of action of weak organic acids against the studied yeasts. The buffering capacity of the chemicals studied was also found to be an inhibition parameter associated with microbial growth. Greater buffer capacity of a given compound reduced changes in the pH value of the medium, resulting in changes to antimicrobial effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Koczoń
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Sciences, Food Chemistry Department, ul. Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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22
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Hamal P, Ostransky J, Dendis M, Horváth R, Ruzicka F, Buchta V, Vejsova M, Sauer P, Hejnar P, Raclavsky V. A case of endocarditis caused by the yeast Pichia fabianii with biofilm production and developed in vitro resistance to azoles in the course of antifungal treatment. Med Mycol 2009; 46:601-5. [PMID: 18608935 DOI: 10.1080/13693780802078180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia fabianii, a yeast rarely causing human infections, was isolated from the blood of a patient with aortic valve endocarditis. The isolates were initially identified biochemically as Candida pelliculosa, but based on direct sequencing of the ITS2 region of rRNA, they were subsequently reidentified as P. fabianii. Antifungal therapy with fluconazole and later with voriconazole led to the development of resistant variants which had high MIC values to both antifungals. Strong biofilm formation by this yeast could also have played a role in the development of its resistance and allowed for its persistence on the infected valve during antifungal therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of endocarditis and the fourth human infection caused by this yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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23
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Elbandy M, Shinde PB, Dang HT, Hong J, Bae KS, Jung JH. Furan metabolites from the sponge-derived yeast Pichia membranifaciens. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:869-872. [PMID: 18314959 DOI: 10.1021/np070605+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds, pichiafurans A-C (1-3) and pichiacins A and B (4 and 5), along with five known compounds (6-10), have been isolated from the yeast Pichia membranifaciens derived from a marine sponge Petrosia sp. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry techniques. Pichiafurans are rare examples of monofurano metabolites isolated from yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbandy
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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24
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Kajikazawa T, Sugita T, Takashima M, Nishikawa A. Detection of pathogenic yeasts from processed fresh edible sea urchins sold in a fish market. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 48:169-72. [PMID: 17975532 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.48.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts of 17 processed fresh edible (raw) sea urchins obtained from seven countries were analyzed. In total, 45 to 7 x 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU)/g of sea urchins were recovered, and 23 yeast species were identified. Of these species, six pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, C. sake, Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia anomala, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Trichosporon mucoides) were detected from 11 sea urchins (65%). As these yeasts are opportunistic pathogens, infections in healthy individuals normally will not occur, but it should be understood that processed fresh edible sea urchin includes such opportunistic yeast pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Kajikazawa
- Department of Immunobiology Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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25
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Introduction of a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) approach for assessment of selected microorganisms referred to EFSA - Opinion of the Scientific Committee. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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26
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Antachopoulos C, Walsh TJ, Roilides E. Fungal infections in primary immunodeficiencies. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166:1099-117. [PMID: 17551753 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-007-0527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with phagocytic, cellular, combined and other primary immunodeficiencies exhibit immune deficits that confer increased susceptibility to fungal infections. A number of yeasts and moulds, most commonly Candida and Aspergillus but also Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium, Trichosporon, Penicillium and other, rarely isolated, fungal organisms, have been variably implicated in causing disease in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, severe combined immunodeficiency, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hyper-IgE syndrome, myeloperoxidase deficiency, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, defects in the interferon-gamma/interleukin-12 axis, DiGeorge syndrome, X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and common variable immunodeficiency. Differences in the spectrum of fungal pathogens as well as in the incidence and clinical presentation of the infections may be observed among patients, depending upon different immune disorders. Fungal infections in these individuals may occasionally be the presenting clinical manifestation of a primary immunodeficiency and can cause significant morbidity and potentially fatal outcome if misdiagnosed or mistreated. A high degree of suspicion is needed and establishment of diagnosis should actively be pursued using appropriate imaging, mycological and histological studies. A number of antifungal agents introduced over the last fifteen years, such as the lipid formulations of amphotericin B, the second-generation triazoles, and the echinocandins, increase the options for medical management of these infections. Surgery may also be needed in some cases, while the role of adjunctive immunotherapy has not been systematically evaluated. The low incidence of primary immunodeficiencies in the general population complicates single-center prospective or retrospective clinical studies aiming to address diagnostic or therapeutic issues pertaining to fungal infections in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Antachopoulos
- Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Adler A, Hidalgo-Grass C, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Sionov E, Polacheck I. Pichia farinosa bloodstream infection in a lymphoma patient. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3456-8. [PMID: 17699655 PMCID: PMC2045352 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00788-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of Pichia farinosa bloodstream infection in a lymphoma patient. Phenotypic methods failed to identify the isolate, which was identified by sequence-based methods. This case highlights the importance of implementing molecular methods for the identification of rare fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adler
- The Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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da Matta VLR, de Souza Carvalho Melhem M, Colombo AL, Moretti ML, Rodero L, Duboc de Almeida GM, dos Anjos Martins M, Costa SF, Souza Dias MBG, Nucci M, Levin AS. Antifungal drug susceptibility profile of Pichia anomala isolates from patients presenting with nosocomial fungemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1573-6. [PMID: 17261632 PMCID: PMC1855522 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01038-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro susceptibility of 58 isolates of Pichia anomala to five antifungal drugs using two broth microdilution methods (CLSI and EUCAST) was analyzed. Low susceptibility to itraconazole was observed. Fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin showed good antifungal activity, although relatively high drug concentrations were necessary to inhibit the isolates.
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29
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Paula CR, Krebs VLJ, Auler ME, Ruiz LS, Matsumoto FE, Silva EH, Diniz EMA, Vaz FAC. Nosocomial infection in newborns by Pichia anomala in a Brazilian intensive care unit. Med Mycol 2006; 44:479-84. [PMID: 16882616 DOI: 10.1080/13693780600561809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated candidiasis is the most common nosocomial fungal infection, and Candida albicans has been reported to account for 50% to more than 70% of cases of invasive candidiasis. However, recent reports have also suggested the emergence of infections caused by non-albicans species. In addition, less-common pathogenic yeasts (Malassezia, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces and Pichia) have recently been reported, with increased frequency, as causes of nosocomial infections with high mortality. This article describes two cases of fungemia caused by Pichia anomala in newborns that occurred in an intensive care unit (ICU), in November 2004 at the Instituto da Criança (Pediatric Institute) of the Hospital das Clínicas of the School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Brazil. The principal factors related to virulence (proteinase and phospholipase) and the susceptibility of the isolated strains to antifungal agents were also evaluated, and the biotype of each strain was determined through the use of an epidemiological marker (killer biotype).
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Brazil/epidemiology
- Catheterization/adverse effects
- Cross Infection/epidemiology
- Cross Infection/microbiology
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Fungemia/epidemiology
- Fungemia/microbiology
- Gestational Age
- Hospitals, University
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/microbiology
- Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
- Killer Factors, Yeast
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Mycoses/epidemiology
- Mycoses/microbiology
- Mycotoxins/pharmacology
- Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism
- Phospholipases/metabolism
- Pichia/classification
- Pichia/drug effects
- Pichia/isolation & purification
- Pichia/physiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudete R Paula
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
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30
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Villa-Carvajal M, Querol A, Belloch C. Identification of species in the genus Pichia by restriction of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 90:171-81. [PMID: 16902755 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the variability within the ribosomal DNA region spanning the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 and the 5.8S gene (5.8S-ITS rDNA) was used to differentiate species in the genus Pichia. The 5.8S-ITS rDNA region was PCR-amplified and the PCR product digested with the enzymes CfoI, HinfI, and HaeIII. The variability in the size of the amplified product and in the restriction patterns enabled differentiation between species in the genus Pichia, and between Pichia species and yeast species from other genera in the Yeast-id database ( http://www.yeast-id.com/ ). Moreover, the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the 5.8S-ITS enabled misidentified strains to be detected and revealed genetic heterogeneity between strains within the Pichia membranifaciens and Pichia nakazawae species. Ultimately, the RFLP patterns of the 5.8S-ITS rDNA failed to differentiate between some Pichia and Candida species that could be distinguished on the basis of the sequence of the 5.8S-ITS rRNA region or the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA gene.
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MESH Headings
- Candida/genetics
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/metabolism
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pichia/classification
- Pichia/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Villa-Carvajal
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, CSIC, P.O. Box 73, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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31
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Fanci R, Pecile P. Central venous catheter-related infection due to Candida membranaefaciens, a new opportunistic azole-resistant yeast in a cancer patient: a case report and a review of literature. Mycoses 2005; 48:357-9. [PMID: 16115109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unusual central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection caused by Candida membranaefaciens in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. Clinical signs and microbiological results observed in this case may support the hypothesis of an emerging CVC-related fungaemia, because of new azole-resistant yeast, successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B. To date C. membranaefaciens (the teleomorph of Pichia membranaefaciens) has traditionally been considered non-pathogenic and this report seems to be the first case of systemic fungal infection. We believe that another fungus can be added to the list of opportunistic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fanci
- Department of Hematology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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