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Albaina O, Sahand IH, Brusca MI, Sullivan DJ, Fernández de Larrinoa I, Moragues MD. Identification and characterization of nine atypical Candida dubliniensis clinical isolates. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:147-156. [PMID: 25480879 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.078832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida dubliniensis is a pathogenic yeast of the genus Candida closely related to Candida albicans. The phenotypic similarity of these two species often leads to misidentification of C. dubliniensis isolates in clinical samples. DNA-based methods continue to be the most effective means of discriminating accurately between the two species. Here, we report on the identification of nine unusual Candida isolates that showed ambiguous identification patterns on the basis of their phenotypic and immunological traits. The isolates were categorized into two groups. Group I isolates were unable to produce germ tubes and chlamydospores, and to agglutinate commercial latex particles coated with a mAb highly specific for C. dubliniensis. Group II isolates grew as pink and white colonies on CHROMagar Candida and ChromID Candida, respectively. Carbohydrate assimilation profiles obtained with API/ID32C together with PCR amplification with specific primers and DNA sequencing allowed reliable identification of the nine unusual clinical isolates as C. dubliniensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Albaina
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ismail H Sahand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Hawler, Kurdistan, Iraq
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María I Brusca
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Derek J Sullivan
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Division of Oral Biosciences, School of Dental Science and Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Iñigo Fernández de Larrinoa
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María D Moragues
- Departamento de Enfermería I, Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
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Identification de trois souches de Candida africana au Sénégal. J Mycol Med 2012; 22:335-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nnadi NE, Ayanbimpe GM, Scordino F, Okolo MO, Enweani IB, Criseo G, Romeo O. Isolation and molecular characterization ofCandida africanafrom Jos, Nigeria. Med Mycol 2012; 50:765-7. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.662598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ahmad S, Khan ZU, Joseph L, Asadzadeh M, Theyyathel A. Genotypic heterogeneity and molecular basis of 5-flucytosine resistance among Candida dubliniensis isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Kuwait. Med Mycol 2011; 50:244-51. [PMID: 21895416 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.597446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information about genotypic heterogeneity among Candida dubliniensis isolates recovered from different geographic regions. This study explored genotypic heterogeneity among 103 C. dubliniensis strains obtained over a six-year period from clinical specimens in Kuwait. Genotype assignment was based on amplification with genotype-specific primers and sequencing of rDNA. Susceptibility to 5-flucytosine was determined by means of the Etest. DNA sequencing of cytosine deaminase was performed to determine the molecular basis of resistance to 5-flucytosine. DNA sequencing of rDNA identified seven different genotypes, i.e., 68 (66%) isolates were found to belong to genotype 1, 25 to genotype 4, six to genotype 5 and one each to genotypes 6-9. Strains of genotype 2 or genotype 3 were not detected. All isolates of genotype 4 but none of other genotypes were resistant to 5-flucytosine and the resistant strains all contained S29L mutation. Isolates of all other genotypes contained wild-type codon 29 in cytosine deaminase. A simple, PCR-RFLP-based method has been developed to facilitate rapid detection of S29L mutation in cytosine deaminase. A noteworthy observation of our study is the identification of five new genotypes of C. dubliniensis isolates, recovered from oral/respiratory specimens from patients of Middle Eastern origin. Furthermore, all 5-flucytosine resistant C. dubliniensis isolates in Kuwait belonged to genotype 4 only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Antifungal Susceptibility of Bloodstream Candida Isolates in Sfax Hospital: Tunisia. Mycopathologia 2010; 171:417-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Coleman DC, Moran GP, McManus BA, Sullivan DJ. Mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance in Candida dubliniensis. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:935-49. [PMID: 20521937 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida dubliniensis was first described in 1995 and is the most closely related species to the predominant human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. C. dubliniensis is significantly less prevalent and less pathogenic than C. albicans and is primarily associated with infections in HIV-infected individuals and other immunocompromised cohorts. The population structure of C. dubliniensis consists of three well-defined major clades and is significantly less diverse than C. albicans. The majority of C. dubliniensis isolates are susceptible to antifungal drugs commonly used to treat Candida infections. To date only two major patterns of antifungal drug resistance have been identified and the molecular mechanisms of these are very similar to the resistance mechanisms that have been described previously in C. albicans. However, significant differences are evident in the predominant antifungal drug mechanisms employed by C. dubliniensis, differences that reflect its more clonal nature, its lower prevalence and characteristics of its genome, the complete sequence of which has only recently been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental School & Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland.
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Abstract
Candida africana is a recently described opportunistic yeast pathogen that has been linked to vaginal candidiasis. This yeast was first described, in 1995, as atypical chlamydospore-negative Candida albicans strain, and subsequently proposed as a new Candida species on the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics clearly different from those of typical C. albicans isolates. Phylogenetic studies based on the comparison of ribosomal DNA sequences demonstrated that C. africana and C. albicans isolates are too closely related to draw any conclusions regarding the status of a new species. Therefore, on the basis of these studies, some authors considered C. africana as a biovar of C. albicans even if genetic differences may be found if additional regions of genomic DNA are sequenced. The taxonomic situation of C. africana and its phylogenetic relationship with other Candida species is still controversial and remains, at present, a matter of debate. Our goal is to review the current knowledge about C. africana and highlight the development of rapid and accurate tests for its discrimination from C. albicans, Candida dubliniensis and Candida stellatoidea. Furthermore, through the analysis of literature data, we have found that C. africana has a worldwide distribution and a considerable number of features making its study particularly interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Romeo
- Department of Life Sciences Marcello Malpighi, Section of Microbiological, Genetic and Molecular Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Loreto ES, Scheid LA, Nogueira CW, Zeni G, Santurio JM, Alves SH. Candida dubliniensis: Epidemiology and Phenotypic Methods for Identification. Mycopathologia 2010; 169:431-43. [PMID: 20490751 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-010-9286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erico Silva Loreto
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Mokaddas E, Khan ZU, Ahmad S. Prevalence of Candida dubliniensis among cancer patients in Kuwait: a 5-year retrospective study. Mycoses 2009; 54:e29-34. [PMID: 20002881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite close genetic and phenotypic relationship of Candida dubliniensis with Candida albicans, its role in human disease is mostly restricted to oral colonisation, particularly among HIV-infected patients. The prevalence of C. dubliniensis in association with other disease conditions has been infrequently reported. In this study, we present data on the prevalence of C. dubliniensis among yeast species isolated from cancer patients over a 5-year period. A total of 1445 yeast isolates recovered from respiratory specimens, blood, urine and oral swabs were analysed. Candida dubliniensis isolates were provisionally identified by phenotypic methods and their identity was further confirmed by species-specific amplification and/or sequencing of internally transcribed spacer region of rDNA. Antifungal susceptibility for fluconazole was determined by Etest. The number of isolates identified as C. dubliniensis, C. albicans and other yeast species were 71 (4.9%), 862 (59.6%) and 512 (35%) respectively. All the C. dubliniensis isolates originated from respiratory (5.9%) or oral (3.2%) specimens with an overall prevalence of 4.9%, and were found to be susceptible to fluconazole. The isolation of C. dubliniensis from respiratory or oral specimens and not from blood or urine specimens suggests that this species has preference to colonise these sites of human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Mokaddas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Khlif M, Sellami A, Sellami H, Makni F, Ayadi A. [Candida dubliniensis: Identification methods and epidemiologic implication]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 59:166-72. [PMID: 19046828 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Candida dubliniensis was recently described (1995) associated with oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. This organism is very closely related to the pathogenic human yeast, Candida albicans, and share a great number of phenotypic and genotypic characters. This great similarity limits the discrimination between these two species. Several phenotypic and molecular methods were developed. The phenotypic methods are simply used in routine discrimination between these two species and depend on the growth at high temperature, sugar assimilation, growth on special mediums and chlamydospore production…; but these methods are insensitive in discrimination between these two species. The molecular biology methods are highly reliable and able to confirm rapidly the identification of this species. In this article, we will review the various studies run out concerning the methods deployed for the identification of C. dubliniensis as well as the epidemiological implication of this new pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khlif
- Laboratoire de biologie moléculaire, parasitaire et fongique, faculté de médecine de Sfax, avenue Magida-Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
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Molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans and its closely related yeasts Candida dubliniensis and Candida africana. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 47:212-4. [PMID: 18987171 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01540-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a molecular study to determine the occurrence of Candida albicans, Candida africana, and Candida dubliniensis in different clinical samples. The study provides new insights into the epidemiology of candidiasis in hospitalized patients in three hospitals in southern Italy. It also reports the first detailed epidemiological data concerning the occurrence of C. africana in clinical samples.
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