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Dispersal of Aphanoascus keratinophilus by the rook Corvus frugilegus during breeding in East Poland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2142. [PMID: 35136194 PMCID: PMC8826369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of dispersal of the potentially disease-causing, geophilic and keratinolytic fungal strain Aphanoascus keratinophilus (the perfect, sexual stage of Chrysosporium keratinophilum) by the rook Corvus frugilegus was studied. The source of A. keratinophilus strains was pellets of the rook, thus far not considered a carrier of this particular opportunistic pathogen. Pellets collected from breeding colonies of rooks were analysed in terms of the occurrence of keratinolytic fungi with the application of the native keratin bait method. Among the 83 rook pellets analysed, 24 (29%) were infected by keratinophilic fungi. Pure cultures of the fungi were identified to species based on traditional morphological features. Traditional mycological identification was verified by the PCR–RFLP molecular identification method as well as DNA sequencing. The obtained results showed the presence of 90 Aphanoascus keratinophilus strains, 6 Chrysosporium tropicum strains, and 3 Chrysosporium pannicola strains. The PCR melting profile (PCR-MP) method was used to identify intraspecies variations of the 90 analysed A. keratinophilus strains. The dispersal of genotypes and possible pathways of A. keratinophilus dispersal and infection via rook pellets were analysed.
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Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Survey of Keratinophilic Fungi from Feathers of Birds in Tuscany. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121317. [PMID: 34943235 PMCID: PMC8698596 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although keratinophilic fungi on avian feathers have been widely described, data from European literature are quite lacking regarding Mediterranean countries. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of fungal species on feathers of different avian species in Italy. A total of 378 feather samples from both aquatic (n = 254) and terrestrial birds (n = 124), for a total of 30 bird species, were cultured for keratinophilic fungi. Fungal isolates were recognized by their macro- and micro-scopical morphology, and results were corroborated by PCR and sequencing. Keratinophilic fungi belonging to 11 different species (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Trichophyton terrestre, Microsporum gypseum, Sepedonium sp., Chrysosporium pannorum, Myriodontium sp., Chrysosporium tropicum, Chrysosporium pruinosum, Chrysosporium luteum and Aphanoascus fulvescens) were isolated from 71 animals (18.8%). The frequency of isolation of keratinophilic species from terrestrial birds was significantly higher in waterfowl. Migratory birds in Italy have been proven to carry pathogenic fungi such as dermatophytes, (A. platyrhyncos, A. crecca, E. rubecula), besides saprophytic species.
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Abstract
An investigation of members of the soil keratinophilic fungi community in China resulted in the identification of one new monotypic genus, Zongqia, and 10 new species, 2 of which are affiliated with Solomyces, 1 with the new genus Zongqia, 4 with Pseudogymnoascus, and 3 with Scedosporium. These novel taxa form an independent lineage distinct from other species, based on morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses. Descriptions, illustrations, and notes are provided for each taxon. These new taxa of the soil keratinophilic fungi add to the increasing number of fungi known from China, and it is now evident that numerous novel taxa are waiting to be described. IMPORTANCE Keratinophilic fungi are a group that can degrade and utilize keratin-rich material. It is also because of this ability that many taxa can cause infections in animals or humans but remain poorly studied. In this study, we reported a novel genus and 10 novel species, 7 novel species belonging to the order Thelebolales and 3 to the genus Scedosporium, based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses combined with morphological characteristics. Our study significantly updates the taxonomy of Thelebolales and Scedosporium and enhances our understanding of this group of the keratin-degrading fungal community. The findings also encourage future studies on the artificially constructed keratin-degrading microbial consortia.
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Deshmukh SK, Dwivedi N, Verekar SA. Keratinophilic fungi from the feathers of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Maharastra India. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101133. [PMID: 33774386 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 70 feathers samples of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were collected from 7 Emu farms situated at two districts (Raigad and Thane) of Maharashtra (India) and screened for resident keratinophilic fungi. Among them, 44 isolates were recovered and identified by evaluating characteristic macro- and micro-morphological features. Further gene products corresponding to the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region from all isolates were amplified and sequenced. Homology search was performed using BLAST program against non-redundant nucleotide database, and significantly matched DNA sequences deposited to the NCBI Gene Bank for reference purposes. Eight identified fungal species belongs to 7 different genera named as Aphanoascus terreus Ac_MW577456 (21.43%), Microsporum gypseum Ac_MW580920 (14.29%), Ctenomyces serratus Ac_MW577459 (10.0%), Uncinocarpus orissi Ac_MW577461 (5.17%), Aphanoascus verrucosus Ac_MW577458 (4.29%), Gymnascella dankaliensis Ac_MW577460 (2.86%), Gymnoascoideus petalosporus Ac_MW577462 (2.86%) and Arthroderma tuberculatum Ac_MW577457 (1.43%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Deshmukh
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Neeraj Dwivedi
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Shilpa Amit Verekar
- Parle Agro Pvt. Ltd., Corporate Head Office, Chakala Sahar Road, Parsiwada, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400099, India
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KARACAN SEVER N, ÜSTÜN T, OMEROVİC M, ÖNOL M, ZAHİRİ AK, DOĞAN B. Prevalence of dermatophytes isolated from domestic animals in Ankara within a three-year period (2014-2017). MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.844656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Hamm PS, Mueller RC, Kuske CR, Porras-Alfaro A. Keratinophilic fungi: Specialized fungal communities in a desert ecosystem identified using cultured-based and Illumina sequencing approaches. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126530. [PMID: 32622287 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi in desert ecosystems are adapted to harsh environmental conditions such as high soil surface temperatures and limited organic matter and water. Given limited carbon inputs from plant material, heterotrophic fungi likely use unconventional sources of carbon in these systems. A baiting method was used to culture keratinophilic fungi from biocrust and rhizosphere soils in an arid grassland in Utah, USA. Fungi were baited using llama and sheep wool, horsehair, and snakeskin on two media, and pure cultures were identified using ITS and LSU rRNA sequences. One hundred-eighteen fungal colonies were grown, representing a total of 32 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at 97 % similarity. Cultures were dominated by the phylum Ascomycota (88 %) followed by Mucoromycota (8.6 %) and Basidiomycota (3.4 %). The orders Pleosporales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, and Sordariales were commonly isolated, with the dominant taxa Alternaria (27 %), Aspergillus (22 %), Fusarium (11 %), and Chaetomium (8%). Thirty percent of the fungi isolated have the capacity to degrade keratin in vitro using a keratin azure assay, with Penicillium showing the highest degradation followed by Geomyces, Alternaria, and Fusarium. Although keratin degraders can be infectious, dermatophytes associated with skin infections were not isolated in culture or detected in Illumina sequencing. Illumina sequencing was used to determine general patterns in seasonal variation and habitat preference of keratinophiles. Alternaria was the most abundant genus with >70 % of the sequences. The combination of Illumina data with culture-dependent approaches facilitated the characterization of a specialized community and confirmed the low abundance of dermatophytes in this arid site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris S Hamm
- Western Illinois University, Biological Sciences, Macomb, IL, 61455, USA; University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rebecca C Mueller
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA; Los Alamos National Laboratory Montana State University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bozeman MT 59717, USA
| | - Cheryl R Kuske
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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Bohacz J, Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T. Fungal diversity and keratinolytic activity of fungi from lignocellulosic composts with chicken feathers. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gurung SK, Adhikari M, Kim SW, Bazie S, Kim HS, Lee HG, Kosol S, Lee HB, Lee YS. Discovery of Two Chrysosporium Species with Keratinolytic Activity from Field Soil in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2018; 46:260-268. [PMID: 30294486 PMCID: PMC6171419 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1514732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In an ongoing survey of Korean indigenous fungi, two fungal strains (KNU16-74 and KNU16-99) belonging to the genus Chrysosporium were isolated from field soil in Gyeongnam, Korea. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using sequence of the internal transcribed spacer regions were carried out to confirm its precise identification. These strains were identified as Chrysosporium indicum (KNU16-74) and Chrysosporium fluviale (KNU16-99). To examine the keratin degradation efficiency of these two fungal species, human hair strands were incubated with fungus culture. Results revealed that these two fungal species have the ability to degrade keratin substrate. This is the first report of these two species in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kumar Gurung
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mahesh Adhikari
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Setu Bazie
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Kim
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Lee
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - San Kosol
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology and Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youn Su Lee
- Division of Biological Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Singh SM, Tsuji M, Gawas-Sakhalker P, Loonen MJJE, Hoshino T. Bird feather fungi from Svalbard Arctic. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aprocta cylindrica(Nematoda) Infection in a European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) in Britain. J Wildl Dis 2014; 50:986-9. [DOI: 10.7589/2014-02-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Isolation of Dermatophytes and Related Species from Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). Mycopathologia 2014; 178:135-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Grizard S, Dini-Andreote F, Tieleman BI, Salles JF. Dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities associated with eggshells during incubation. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1140-57. [PMID: 24772289 PMCID: PMC3997328 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are closely associated with eggs and may play a determinant role in embryo survival. Yet, the majority of studies focusing on this association relied on culture-based methodology, eventually leading to a skewed assessment of microbial communities. By targeting the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, we, respectively, described bacterial and fungal communities on eggshells of the homing pigeon Columba livia. We explored their structure, abundance, and composition. Firstly, we showed that sampling technique affected the outcome of the results. While broadly used, the egg swabbing procedure led to a lower DNA extraction efficiency and provided different profiles of bacterial communities than those based on crushed eggshell pieces. Secondly, we observed shifts in bacterial and fungal communities during incubation. At late incubation, bacterial communities showed a reduction in diversity, while their abundance increased, possibly due to the competitive advantage of some species. When compared to their bacterial counterparts, fungal communities also decreased in diversity at late incubation. In that case, however, the decline was associated with a diminution of their overall abundance. Conclusively, our results showed that although incubation might inhibit microbial growth when compared to unincubated eggs, we observed the selective growth of specific bacterial species during incubation. Moreover, we showed that fungi are a substantial component of the microbial communities associated with eggshells and require further investigations in avian ecology. Identifying the functional roles of these microorganisms is likely to provide news insights into the evolutionary strategies that control embryo survival. We aimed to describe the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities on homing pigeon eggshell surfaces. We investigated these communities at early and late incubation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Grizard
- Department of Animal Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, NL-9747 AG, The Netherlands ; Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, NL-9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, NL-9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - B Irene Tieleman
- Department of Animal Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, NL-9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Joana F Salles
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, NL-9747 AG, The Netherlands
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Phylogeny of chrysosporia infecting reptiles: proposal of the new family Nannizziopsiaceae and five new species. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2013; 31:86-100. [PMID: 24761037 PMCID: PMC3904055 DOI: 10.3767/003158513x669698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a phenotypic and phylogenetic study of a set of fungi, mostly of veterinary origin, morphologically similar to the Chrysosporium asexual morph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (Onygenales, Eurotiomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota). The analysis of sequences of the D1-D2 domains of the 28S rDNA, including representatives of the different families of the Onygenales, revealed that N. vriesii and relatives form a distinct lineage within that order, which is proposed as the new family Nannizziopsiaceae. The members of this family show the particular characteristic of causing skin infections in reptiles and producing hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, small, mostly sessile 1-celled conidia and colonies with a pungent skunk-like odour. The phenotypic and multigene study results, based on ribosomal ITS region, actin and β-tubulin sequences, demonstrated that some of the fungi included in this study were different from the known species of Nannizziopsis and Chrysosporium and are described here as new. They are N. chlamydospora, N. draconii, N. arthrosporioides, N. pluriseptata and Chrysosporium longisporum. Nannizziopsis chlamydospora is distinguished by producing chlamydospores and by its ability to grow at 5 °C. Nannizziopsis draconii is able to grow on bromocresol purple-milk solids-glucose (BCP-MS-G) agar alkalinizing the medium, is resistant to 0.2 % cycloheximide but does not grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with 3 % NaCl. Nannizziopsis arthrosporioides is characterised by the production of very long arthroconidia. Nannizziopsis pluriseptata produces 1- to 5-celled sessile conidia, alkalinizes the BCP-MS-G agar and grows on SDA supplemented with 5 % NaCl. Chrysosporium longisporum shows long sessile conidia (up to 13 μm) and does not produce lipase.
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