3
|
Saxon Lead Author GDGC, Edwards A, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Owen C, Nathan B, Palmer B, Wood C, Ahmed H, Ahmad Patient Representatives S, FitzGerald Ceg Editor M. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis (2019). Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1124-1144. [PMID: 32883171 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420943034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guideline Development Group Cara Saxon Lead Author
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Anne Edwards
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Caroline Owen
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Bavithra Nathan
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Bret Palmer
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Clare Wood
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Humera Ahmed
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Sameena Ahmad Patient Representatives
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| | - Mark FitzGerald Ceg Editor
- Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG), British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (552485BASHH).,WRITING GROUP AFFILIATIONS.,Cara Saxon (Lead Author): Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Anne Edwards: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 6397Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Riina Rautemaa-Richardson: Consultant in Medical Mycology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Caroline Owen: Consultant Dermatologist, 8943East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,Bavithra Nathan: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, 4262Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK.,Bret Palmer: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 14157Oxford Deanery, UK.,Clare Wood: Specialty Trainee in Genitourinary Medicine, 71404North Western Deanery, UK.,Humera Ahmed: Clinical Pharmacist, Manchester, UK.,Sameena Ahmad: Consultant Physician in Genitourinary Medicine, Withington Clinic, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Patient Representatives (see acknowledgments).,Mark FitzGerald: Clinical Effectiveness Group Editor.,MEMBERSHIP OF THE 552485BASHH CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS GROUP.,Dr Keith Radcliffe (Chair), Dr Mark FitzGerald, Dr Deepa Grover, Dr Steve Higgins, Dr Margaret Kingston, Dr Michael Rayment, Dr Darren Cousins, Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Helen Fifer, Dr Craig Tipple, Dr Sarah Flew, Dr Cara Saxon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel NN, Triantafillou V, Maina IW, Workman AD, Tong CCL, Kuan EC, Papagiannopoulos P, Bosso JV, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kohanski MA, Herbert DR, Cohen NA. Fungal extracts stimulate solitary chemosensory cell expansion in noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:730-737. [PMID: 30892837 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are rare epithelial cells enriched in nasal polyps and are the primary source of interleukin-25 (IL-25), an innate cytokine eliciting T-helper 2 (Th2) immune response. Although it is proposed that SCCs are stimulated by antigens released by upper airway pathogens, the exogenous triggers of human SCCs remain elusive. We studied patients with noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis to determine whether extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata stimulate SCC proliferation as an early event in type 2 inflammation. METHODS Multicolor flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunoassay were used to interrogate mucosa from patients with mycetomas and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) for SCCs and IL-25. Primary sinonasal epithelial cells from AFRS patients and noninflamed inferior turbinates were stimulated with fungal extracts for 72 hours, and SCC population frequency as well as mitotic activity were quantified using flow cytometry. RESULTS SCCs producing IL-25 are enriched in inflamed mucosa compared with intrapatient noninflamed control tissue (38.6% vs 6.5%, p = 0.029). In cultured sinonasal epithelial cells from AFRS nasal polyps, Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata stimulated higher SCC frequency compared with controls (27.4% vs 10.6%, p = 0.002; 18.1% vs 10.6%, p = 0.046), which led to increased IL-25 secretion in culture media (75.5 vs 3.3 pg/mL, p < 0.001; 32.3 vs 3.3 pg/mL, p = 0.007). Ki-67 expression was higher in SCCs grown in fungal stimulation conditions compared with controls. CONCLUSION Although fungal antigens are known to potentiate immune response through innate cytokines, including IL-25, the early expansion of SCCs in the presence of fungus has not been described. This early event in the pathogenesis of noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis may represent a target for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil N Patel
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vasiliki Triantafillou
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ivy W Maina
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alan D Workman
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles C L Tong
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter Papagiannopoulos
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John V Bosso
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James N Palmer
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.,Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|