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Manzano JAH, Brogi S, Calderone V, Macabeo APG, Austriaco N. Globospiramine Exhibits Inhibitory and Fungicidal Effects against Candida albicans via Apoptotic Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2024; 14:610. [PMID: 38927014 PMCID: PMC11201426 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is considered an emerging public health concern because of the occurrence of drug-resistant Candida strains and the lack of an available structurally diverse antifungal drug armamentarium. The indole alkaloid globospiramine from the anticandidal Philippine medicinal plant Voacanga globosa exhibits a variety of biological activities; however, its antifungal properties remain to be explored. In this study, we report the in vitro anticandidal activities of globospiramine against two clinically relevant Candida species (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) and the exploration of its possible target proteins using in silico methods. Thus, the colony-forming unit (CFU) viability assay revealed time- and concentration-dependent anticandidal effects of the alkaloid along with a decrease in the number of viable CFUs by almost 50% at 60 min after treatment. The results of the MIC and MFC assays indicated inhibitory and fungicidal effects of globospiramine against C. albicans (MIC = 8 µg/mL; MFC = 8 µg/mL) and potential fungistatic effects against C. tropicalis at lower concentrations (MIC = 4 µg/mL; MFC > 64 µg/mL). The FAM-FLICA poly-caspase assay showed metacaspase activation in C. albicans cells at concentrations of 16 and 8 µg/mL, which agreed well with the MIC and MFC values. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation experiments suggested globospiramine to bind strongly with 1,3-β-glucan synthase and Als3 adhesin-enzymes indirectly involved in apoptosis-driven candidal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Anthony H. Manzano
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- UST Laboratories for Vaccine Science, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery, and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Allan Patrick G. Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery, and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Nicanor Austriaco
- UST Laboratories for Vaccine Science, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines
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Gierke AM, Hessling M. Photoinactivation by UVA radiation and visible light of Candida auris compared to other fungi. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:681-692. [PMID: 38446403 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the rising number of patients affected by viruses and bacteria, the number of fungal infections has also been rising over the years. Due to the increase in resistance to various antimycotics, investigations into further disinfection options are important. In this study, two yeasts (Candida auris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and a mold (Cladosporium cladosporioides) were irradiated at 365, 400, and 450 nm individually. The resulting log 1 reduction doses were determined and compared with other studies. Furthermore, fluorescence measurements of C. auris were performed to detect possible involved photosensitizers. A roughly exponential photoinactivation was observed for all three fungi and all irradiation wavelengths with higher D90 doses for longer wavelengths. The determined log 1 reduction doses of C. auris and S. cerevisiae converged with increasing wavelength. However, S. cerevisiae was more photosensitive than C. auris for all irradiation wavelengths and is therefore not a suitable C. auris surrogate for photoinactivation experiments. For the mold C. cladosporioides, much higher D90 doses were determined than for both yeasts. Concerning potential photosensitizers, flavins and various porphyrins were detected by fluorescence measurements. By excitation at 365 nm, another, so far unreported fluorophore and potential photosensitizer was also observed. Based on its fluorescence spectrum, we assume it to be thiamine.Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Gierke
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Martin Hessling
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Resistance profiles to antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolated from human oral cavities: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6479-6489. [PMID: 36167858 PMCID: PMC9514684 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim To identify the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. isolated from the human oral cavity was assessed with meta-analyses of observational studies that collected samples from the oral cavity of human subjects. Material and methods Isolated Candida albicans tested by E-test®; disk diffusion test; microdilution and macrodilution; Sensititre YeastOne; and/or FungiTest. Search strategies were conducted on the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Dentistry, and Oral Sciences, Central, Scopus, and LILACS databases, and gray literature sources. Articles were initially screened by title and then their abstracts. Articles that met the conditions for inclusion were read in full, followed by data extraction. A descriptive analysis was conducted of each study, and the data were tabulated. A first meta-analysis was conducted to assess the resistance of antifungals regardless of systemic comorbidities. An additional stratified analysis was conducted by systemic comorbidity groups for the outcome “resistance” to the antifungals. Results When not grouping Candida albicans isolates by systemic conditions, the lowest resistance rates to the antifungals tested were observed for amphotericin B, nystatin, flucytosine, and caspofungin. In contrast, the highest resistance rates were observed for miconazole and econazole. There was a high degree of heterogeneity and low resistance in general in all analyses, except for the “several associated comorbidities” group, which had high resistance rates. Conclusions Clinical C. albicans isolates had low antifungal resistance. Clinical relevance The presence of concomitant systemic comorbidities appears to be an essential factor that should be considered when evaluating resistance to antifungals for oral isolates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04716-2.
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Houshmandzad M, Sharifzadeh A, Khosravi A, Shokri H. Potential antifungal impact of citral and linalool administered individually or combined with fluconazole against clinical isolates of Candida krusei. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Candida krusei is recognized as a major fungal pathogen in patients with immunodeficiency disorders. The present study aimed at investigating the anticandidal activities of citral and linalool combined with fluconazole (FLZ) against FLZ-resistant C. krusei strains. Methods: Antifungal activities were evaluated by the broth microdilution (MD) method to determine the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (namely, MICs and MFCs) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 document. The interactions were further evaluated using fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) for combinations of citral+FLZ and linalool+FLZ, calculated from checkerboard MD assays. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) MIC values of citral, linalool, and FLZ against the C. krusei isolates were 70.23 ± 17, 150 ± 38.73, and 74.66 ± 36.95 μg/mL, respectively. Some fungicidal activities were also observed for citral (2.5) and linalool (1.53) against the C. krusei isolates. The FICI values of citral+FLZ and linalool+FLZ for the C. krusei isolates ranged from 0.4 to 1.00 and 0.19 to 0.63, respectively. The additive and synergistic interactions of linalool + FLZ were further observed in 12 (57.1%) and 9 (42.9%) C. krusei isolates. However, there was an additive interaction for citral + FLZ in 17 (80.9%) isolates. They also showed a synergistic interaction in only four (19.1%) isolates. Moreover, linalool and citral plus FLZ did not have any antagonistic effect on any isolates. Conclusion: The study findings support the possible capabilities of citral and linalool, as anticandidal agents, and FLZ might be supplemented with citral and/or linalool for treating FLZ-resistant C. krusei infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Houshmandzad
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghil Sharifzadeh
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Shokri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Ramzan M, Kaur G, Trehan S, Agrewala JN, Michniak-Kohn BB, Hussain A, Mahdi WA, Gulati JS, Kaur IP. Mechanistic evaluations of ketoconazole lipidic nanoparticles for improved efficacy, enhanced topical penetration, cellular uptake (L929 and J774A.1), and safety assessment: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huang K, Zhang B, Chen Y, Wu ZM, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Enhancing the production of amphotericin B by Strepyomyces nodosus in a 50-ton bioreactor based on comparative genomic analysis. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:299. [PMID: 34194892 PMCID: PMC8160071 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin, as an important macrolide antibiotic, is synthesized by Streptomyces nodosus. A high-yield S. nodosus ZJB2016050 was obtained by mutagenesis in our lab with the advantages of high yield, short fermentation cycle and few by-products, which was more suitable for industrial production. The fermentation differences in 50-tons bioreactor between S. nodosus ATCC14899 and S. nodosus ZJB2016050 were compared. The amphotericin B (AmB) yield of S. nodosus ZJB2016050 was 9.73 mg/g at 96 h, which was 30% higher than that of S. nodosus ATCC14899. The by-product amphotericin A (AmA) production of S. nodosus ZJB2016050 was 78% lower than that of S. nodosus ATCC14899. By performing whole-genome sequencing of S. nodosus ZJB2016050 and comparative genome analysis with the wild-type S. nodosus ATCC14899, it was found that the two strains have high synteny, but each has a special gene fragment. The genes functions of fragment were identified in the amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid transport and metabolism. The gene functions of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genes were identified in amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, coenzyme metabolism and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. The difference in signal-regulation and transcription may be the main reason for the differences between these two strains. Three GntR family egulatory factors of S. nodosus ATCC14899 may reduce the synthesis of amphotericin. Based on the analysis of comparative genomes, the effects of corn oil in S. nodosus ATCC14899 and S. nodosus ZJB2016050 were also compared. The results showed that corn oil can promote the fermentation of S. nodosus ZJB2016050. The S. nodosus ZJB2016050 may degrade fatty acids faster, and the degraded acyl-coenzyme can be used to synthesize amphotericin. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02844-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ming Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Tiantai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang 317200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
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de Oliveira MT, Batista NKR, Gil EDS, Silva MDRR, Costa CR, Bara MTF, Torres IMS. Risks associated with pathogenic fungi isolated from surgical centers, intensive care units, and materials sterilization center in hospitals. Risks associated with pathogenic fungi isolated from critical hospital areas. Med Mycol 2021; 58:881-886. [PMID: 32022862 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hospital environment requires special attention to air quality, since it needs to be healthy for the protection of patients and health professionals in order to prevent them against hospital infections. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the susceptibility profile of isolated fungi from two hospitals. For air sampling the impaction (Spin Air, IUL®) and passive sedimentation methods were used. For the isolation of fungi from surfaces, contact plates (RODAC®) were used. The identification of the fungi was performed by observing the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the colonies, whereas for better visualization of fruiting structures, the microculture technique was performed on slides. To evaluate the susceptibility profile, the broth microdilution test recommended by CLSI was performed. Thirty-five isolates were identified: Aspergillus flavus (12), Aspergillus fumigatus (11), Aspergillus niger (1), Aspergillus terreus (2), Penicillium spp. (7), and Fusarium spp. (2) in the hospitals evaluated. All isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) more than 128 μg/ml for fluconazole; 0.5 to 4.0 μg/ml for amphotericin B (hospital 1), and all isolates from haospital 2 had MIC ≥2.0 μg/ml. In hospital 1, MIC for posaconazole ranged from 0.25 μg/ml to ≥32 μg/ml, and hospital 2 ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 μg/ml. The monitoring and evaluation of air quality and surfaces are essential measures for prevention and control of hospital infections, as these microorganisms are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents, thus making treatment difficult, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayk Teles de Oliveira
- Research Laboratory of Medicines and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Eric de Souza Gil
- Pharmaceutical and Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Rodrigues Costa
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Ieda Maria Sapateiro Torres
- Research Laboratory of Medicines and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil
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Hafidi Z, El Achouri M, O Sousa FF, Pérez L. Antifungal activity of amino-alcohols based cationic surfactants and in silico, homology modeling, docking and molecular dynamics studies against lanosterol 14-α-demethylase enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7762-7778. [PMID: 33754947 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1902396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are being responsible for causing serious infections in humans and animals. The opportunistic microorganisms provoke environmental contaminations in health and storage facilities to represent a serious concern to health security. The present work investigates the antifungal activity of two amino-alcohols based cationic surfactants such as CnEtOH, CnPrOH (with n = 14 and 16 are the carbon numbers of alkyl chain and EtOH = Ethanol and PrOH = Propanol) against a collection of different Candida species (Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Candida rugosa) respectively. The amino-alcohols based cationic surfactants exhibited good antifungal activity against all Candida strains tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.002 to 0.30 mM. The MIC evaluation shows an increase as a function of the hydrophobicity of all inhibitors against the majority of the Candida strains tested. The different location of the alcoholic OH function in the polar head shows the influence on the availability of N+ responsible for electrostatic interactions with the candidate's cell walls, which remains a very important step in the mode of action of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants. Hence, a 3D structure of lanosterol 14-α-demethylase enzyme from C. auris was constructed by homology modeling using an online SWISS-MODEL server. The predicted model was analyzed by serval servers. Furthermore, a molecular docking study was carried out to better understand the binding mechanism of lanosterol homologous protein with surfactant ligands. Then, the docked complexes lanosterol-surfactants were refined by the molecular dynamic simulation to analyze their interaction behavior during the simulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Hafidi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques et Organiques, Ecole Normale supérieure-Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Rabat, Morocco.,Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology Department, IQAC, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammed El Achouri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques et Organiques, Ecole Normale supérieure-Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Francisco F O Sousa
- Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology Department, IQAC, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Innovation, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Macapa, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Pérez
- Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology Department, IQAC, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Namvar Erbani S, Madanchi H, Ajodani Far H, Rostamian M, Rahmati S, Shabani AA. First report of antifungal activity of CecropinA-Magenin2 (CE-MA) hybrid peptide and its truncated derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:157-163. [PMID: 33676184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is limited. Modifications of peptides by in silico predictions and computational methods can lead to more accurate designs and reducing their high synthesis costs, instability, and cytotoxicity. In this study, the antifungal properties of CecropinA-Magenin2 (CE-MA) hybrid peptide and its truncated derivatives were evaluated. Eleven C-terminal-truncated derivatives were designed and three of them with 10, 8 and 6 residues namely CMt1, CMt2 and CMt3 were selected through an initial screening based on the prediction of antimicrobial and antifungal activities, toxicity and physicochemical properties. These derivatives and the parental CE-MA peptide were synthesized. Then, based on molecular docking studies, antimicrobial tests and cytotoxicity assays, CMt1 peptide was selected for further studies such as time of killing, combinatorial effects with other drugs and the mechanism of action. The results showed that CE-MA is a weak antifungal peptide but its truncated derivative, CMt1 showed a strong antifungal activity with less toxicity. The results of the ergosterol assay, confocal microscopy and FE-SEM studies indicated that invasion to cell wall and membrane components were the main antifungal mechanisms of CMt1 peptide. Altogether, here we introduce a new truncated peptide with a strong antifungal activity with less toxicity which can be a good candidate for further in vivo and clinical studies to be used as an antifungal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hatef Ajodani Far
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Rahmati
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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10
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Joaquim AR, Reginatto P, Lopes MS, Bazana LCG, Gionbelli MP, de Cesare MA, Kaminski TFA, Teixeira ML, Abegg MA, Fuentefria AM, de Andrade SF. New 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives highlight the potential of this class for treatment of fungal infections. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Compound 5h has interesting antifungal activity and a good toxicity profile and seems to act as an ion scavenger in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rocha Joaquim
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752 – Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcela Silva Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Candice Genz Bazana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pies Gionbelli
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752 – Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Maycon Antonio de Cesare
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752 – Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Maxwel Adriano Abegg
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Itacoatiara, AM, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752 – Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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de Andrade Neto JB, da Silva CR, Barroso FD, do Amaral Valente Sá LG, de Sousa Campos R, S Aires do Nascimento FB, Sampaio LS, da Silva AR, da Silva LJ, de Sá Carneiro I, Queiroz HA, de Mesquita JRL, Cavalcanti BC, de Moraes MO, Nobre Júnior HV. Synergistic effects of ketamine and azole derivatives on Candida spp. resistance to fluconazole. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:177-188. [PMID: 32077323 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Candida spp. with resistance to antifungal molecules, mainly the azole class, is an increasing complication in hospitals around the globe. Aim: In the present research, we evaluated the synergistic effects of ketamine with two azole derivatives, itraconazole and fluconazole, on strains of Candida spp. to fluconazole. Materials & methods: The drug synergy was evaluated by quantifying the fractional inhibitory concentration index and by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Results: Our achievements showed a synergistic effect between ketamine in addition to the two antifungal agents (fluconazole and itraconazole) against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. Conclusion: This combination promoted alteration of membrane integrity, generation of reactive oxygen species, damage to and DNA and externalization of phosphatidylserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, 60160-230, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Fátima Daiana Barroso
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Rosana de Sousa Campos
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, 60160-230, Brazil
| | - Francisca Bruna S Aires do Nascimento
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Letícia Serpa Sampaio
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ramos da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Igor de Sá Carneiro
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | - Helaine Almeida Queiroz
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Coelho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-276, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-276, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-1160, Brazil
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12
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de Freitas MA, Andrade JC, Alves AIS, Dos Santos FDAG, Leite-Andrade MC, Sales DL, Nunes M, Ribeiro PRV, Melo Coutinho HD, Morais-Braga MFB, Neves RP. Use of the natural products from the leaves of the fruitfull tree Persea americana against Candida sp. biofilms using acrylic resin discs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134779. [PMID: 31710846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The search for natural substances such as plant extracts with antimicrobial properties has considerably increased, given that biofilms constitute a barrier against antifungal therapy, where these can be formed on any surface, such as acrylic resin prosthesis. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the Persea americana Mill. leaf ethanol extract (EEFPa) using the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS technique, to verify its antifungal activity through a sensitivity test according to the conditions described in the documents in M27-A3 (CLSI, 2008) and M60 (CLSI, 2017), to induce biofilm formation in acrylic resin discs and quantify their formation using tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT), as well as to treat these with the extract and fluconazole. Ten of the twelve compounds present in the extract were identified. In the sensitivity test the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration observed was 512 μg/mL, while fluconazole concentrations ranged from 64 to 1 μg/mL. During biofilm induction, all the isolates were able to form biofilms within 48 h. During biofilm treatment, the extract was less effective at biofilm reduction than Fluconazole. The EEFPa showed significant antifungal activity against some of the strains in this study, however the extract showed lower effect when compared to fluconazole against the biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Audilene de Freitas
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Adryelle Idalina Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Franz de Assis G Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Melyna Chaves Leite-Andrade
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Débora Lima Sales
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Michellângelo Nunes
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Rejane Pereira Neves
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology Sylvio Campos, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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13
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Dennis EK, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Synergistic combinations of azoles and antihistamines against Candida species in vitro. Med Mycol 2020; 57:874-884. [PMID: 30295881 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major cause of skin and mucosal membrane disease. Immunocompromised individuals, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, are most susceptible to fungal infections. With a growing population of immunocompromised patients, there are many reports of increasing numbers of infections and of fungal strains resistant to current antifungals. One way to treat drug-resistant infections is to administer combinations of drugs to patients. Azoles are the most prescribed antifungals, as they are broad-spectrum and orally bioavailable. Terfenadine (TERF) and ebastine (EBA) are second-generation antihistamines, with EBA being used in many countries. In this study, we explored combinations of seven azole antifungals and two antihistamines (TERF and EBA) against a panel of 13 Candida fungal strains. We found 55 out of 91 combinations tested of TERF and EBA against the various fungal strains to be synergistic with the azoles. To evaluate the efficiency of these combinations to inhibit fungal growth, we performed time-kill assays. We also investigated the ability of these combinations to disrupt biofilm formation. Finally, we tested the specificity of the combinations towards fungal cells by mammalian cytotoxicity assays. These findings suggest a potential new strategy for targeting drug-resistant Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Al Aboody MS, Mickymaray S. Anti-Fungal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E45. [PMID: 31991883 PMCID: PMC7168129 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections is growing at an alarming pace and the pathogenesis is still not clearly understood. Recurrence of these fungal diseases is often due to their evolutionary avoidance of antifungal resistance. The development of suitable novel antimicrobial agents for fungal diseases continues to be a major problem in the current clinical field. Hence, it is urgently necessary to develop surrogate agents that are more effective than conventional available drugs. Among the remarkable innovations from earlier investigations on natural-drugs, flavonoids are a group of plant-derived substances capable of promoting many valuable effects on humans. The identification of flavonoids with possible antifungal effects at small concentrations or in synergistic combinations could help to overcome this problem. A combination of flavonoids with available drugs is an excellent approach to reduce the side effects and toxicity. This review focuses on various naturally occurring flavonoids and their antifungal activities, modes of action, and synergetic use in combination with conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Riyadh Region, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
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15
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Synthesis of new pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines with antifungal and antibiofilm activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Madanchi H, Khalaj V, Jang S, Shabani AA, Ebrahimi Kiasari R, Seyed Mousavi SJ, Kazemi Sealani S, Sardari S. AurH1: a new heptapeptide derived from Aurein1.2 antimicrobial peptide with specific and exclusive fungicidal activity. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3175. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Madanchi
- Department and Center for Biotechnology ResearchSemnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Soojin Jang
- Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Department of Discovery BiologyInstitut Pasteur Korea Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department and Center for Biotechnology ResearchSemnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | | | | | | | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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Machado GDRM, Fernandes de Andrade S, Pippi B, Bergamo VZ, Jacobus Berlitz S, Lopes W, Lavorato SN, Clemes Külkamp Guerreiro I, Vainstein MH, Teixeira ML, Alves RJ, Fuentefria AM. Chloroacetamide derivatives as a promising topical treatment for fungal skin infections. Mycologia 2019; 111:612-623. [PMID: 31204895 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1620550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potential of 11 chloroacetamide derivatives and derivative incorporated into a film-forming system (FFS) as a potential alternative for the topical treatment of superficial and skin mycoses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols M27-A3 (Candida) and M28-A2 (dermatophytes). Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were the most effective against Candida species (MIC range: 25-50 µg/mL) and dermatophytes (MIC range: 3.12-50 µg/mL). Compound 2 maintained its antifungal activity when incorporated in a FFS, with MIC values equivalent to the free compound. In addition, the compound does not act through complexation with ergosterol, suggesting that it may act on other targets of the fungal cell membrane. Chloroacetamide derivatives presented anti-Candida and anti-dermatophytic effectiveness. The FFS containing compound 2 has shown to be superior to traditional topical treatment of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections. It was found that these new chemical entities, with their applicability, are an excellent alternative to the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella da Rosa Monte Machado
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zafaneli Bergamo
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Simone Jacobus Berlitz
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - William Lopes
- c Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- d Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Külkamp Guerreiro
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- e Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia , Concórdia , Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- d Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
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18
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The Evolution of Azole Resistance in Candida albicans Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51) through Incremental Amino Acid Substitutions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02586-18. [PMID: 30783005 PMCID: PMC6496074 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02586-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Candida albicans CYP51 (CaCYP51) proteins containing 23 single and 5 double amino acid substitutions found in clinical strains and the wild-type enzyme were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose chromatography. Catalytic tolerance to azole antifungals was assessed by determination of the concentration causing 50% enzyme inhibition (IC50) using CYP51 reconstitution assays. The greatest increase in the IC50 compared to that of the wild-type enzyme was observed with the five double substitutions Y132F+K143R (15.3-fold), Y132H+K143R (22.1-fold), Y132F+F145L (10.1-fold), G307S+G450E (13-fold), and D278N+G464S (3.3-fold). The single substitutions K143R, D278N, S279F, S405F, G448E, and G450E conferred at least 2-fold increases in the fluconazole IC50, and the Y132F, F145L, Y257H, Y447H, V456I, G464S, R467K, and I471T substitutions conferred increased residual CYP51 activity at high fluconazole concentrations. In vitro testing of select CaCYP51 mutations in C. albicans showed that the Y132F, Y132H, K143R, F145L, S405F, G448E, G450E, G464S, Y132F+K143R, Y132F+F145L, and D278N+G464S substitutions conferred at least a 2-fold increase in the fluconazole MIC. The catalytic tolerance of the purified proteins to voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole was far lower and limited to increased residual activities at high triazole concentrations for certain mutations rather than large increases in IC50 values. Itraconazole was the most effective at inhibiting CaCYP51. However, when tested against CaCYP51 mutant strains, posaconazole seemed to be the most resistant to changes in MIC as a result of CYP51 mutation compared to itraconazole, voriconazole, or fluconazole.
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19
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Sharifzadeh A, Shokri H, Abbaszadeh S. Interaction of carvacroland voriconazole against drug – resistant Candida strains isolated from patients with candidiasis. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:44-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Pippi B, Merkel S, Staudt KJ, Teixeira ML, de Araújo BV, Zanette RA, Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM. Oral clioquinol is effective in the treatment of a fly model of
Candida
systemic infection. Mycoses 2019; 62:475-481. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pippi
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do AmbienteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Simone Merkel
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e TerapêuticaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Keli Jaqueline Staudt
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Bibiana Verlindo de Araújo
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Régis Adriel Zanette
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e TerapêuticaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes Andrade
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do AmbienteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do AmbienteUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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21
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N-haloacetyl phenothiazines and derivatives: Preparation, characterization and structure-activity relationship for antifungal activity. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Domingues Bianchin M, Borowicz SM, da Rosa Monte Machado G, Pippi B, Stanisçuaski Guterres S, Raffin Pohlmann A, Meneghello Fuentefria A, Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro I. Lipid core nanoparticles as a broad strategy to reverse fluconazole resistance in multiple Candida species. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 175:523-529. [PMID: 30579053 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fungal resistance is the major problem related to fluconazole treatments. This study aims to develop innovative lipid core nanocapsules and nanostructured lipid carriers containing fluconazole, to study in vitro antifungal activity and to assess the possibility of resistance reversion in Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis isolates. The action mechanism of nanoparticles was investigated through efflux pumps and scanning electron microscopy studies. The lipid core nanocapsules and nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer and high-pressure homogenization methods, respectively. Both nanostructures presented sizes below 250 nm, SPAN < 1.6, negative zeta potential, pH slightly acid, high drug content and controlled drug release. The nanostructured lipid carriers were unable to reverse the fungal resistance. Lipid core nanoparticles displayed advantages such as a reduction in the effective dose of fluconazole and resistance reversion in all isolates tested - with multiple mechanisms of resistance. The main role of the supramolecular structure and the composition of the nanoparticles on antifungal mechanisms of action were discussed. The results achieved through this study have an impact on clinical therapy, with a potential application in the treatment of fungal infections caused by resistant isolates of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Domingues Bianchin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Maria Borowicz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 2752, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriella da Rosa Monte Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 2752, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 2752, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil; Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP15003, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 2752, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Centro, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 2752, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Brilhante RSN, Correia EEM, Guedes GMDM, de Oliveira JS, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA, Pinheiro ADQ, Chaves LJQ, Pereira Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. In vitro activity of azole derivatives and griseofulvin against planktonic and biofilm growth of clinical isolates of dermatophytes. Mycoses 2018. [PMID: 29517824 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As shown by recent research, most of the clinically relevant fungi, including dermatophytes, form biofilms in vitro and in vivo, which may exhibit antimicrobial tolerance that favour recurrent infections. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VCZ) and griseofulvin (GRI) against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum in planktonic and biofilm growth. For the planktonic form, susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), document M38-A2, while biofilm susceptibility was evaluated using the XTT colorimetric essay. The planktonic growth of all strains was inhibited, with MIC values ranging from 0.00195 to 0.1225 μg/mL for VRC, 0.00195 to 0.25 μg/mL for ITC and <0.0039 to 4 μg/mL for GRI, while a 50-fold increase in the MIC was required to significantly reduce the metabolic activity (P < .05) of dermatophyte biofilms. In brief, the ability of dermatophytes to form biofilms may be a contributing factor for the recalcitrance of dermatophytoses or the dissemination of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Emanuel Monteiro Correia
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Queiroz Pinheiro
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Jackson Queiroz Chaves
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira Neto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Fuentefria AM, Pippi B, Dalla Lana DF, Donato KK, de Andrade SF. Antifungals discovery: an insight into new strategies to combat antifungal resistance. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 66:2-13. [PMID: 29112282 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Undeniably, new antifungal treatments are necessary against pathogenic fungi. Fungal infections have significantly increased in recent decades, being highlighted as important causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Five main antifungal classes are used: (i) azoles, (ii) echinocandins, (iii) polyenes, (iv) allylamines and (v) pyrimidine analogues. Moreover, the treatment of mycoses has several limitations, such as undesirable side effects, narrow activity spectrum, a small number of targets and fungal resistance, which are still of major concern in clinical practice. The discovery of new antifungals is mostly achieved by the screening of natural or synthetic/semisynthetic chemical compounds. The most recent discoveries in drug resistance mechanism and their avoidance were explored in a review, focusing on different antifungal targets, as well as new agents or strategies, such as combination therapy, that could improve antifungal therapy. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The failure to respond to antifungal therapy is complex and is associated with microbiological resistance and increased expression of virulence in fungal pathogens. Thus, this review offers an overview of current challenges in the treatment of fungal infections associated with increased antifungal drug resistance and the formation of biofilms in these opportunistic pathogens. Furthermore, the most recent and potential strategies to combat fungal pathogens are explored here, focusing on new agents as well as innovative approaches, such as combination therapy between antifungal drugs or with natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - B Pippi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D F Dalla Lana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K K Donato
- MackGraphe (Graphene and Nano-Material Research Center), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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25
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Effect of quinoline based 1,2,3-triazole and its structural analogues on growth and virulence attributes of Candida albicans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175710. [PMID: 28430797 PMCID: PMC5400251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, along with some other non-albicans Candida species, is a group of yeast, which causes serious infections in humans that can be both systemic and superficial. Despite the fact that extensive efforts have been put into the discovery of novel antifungal agents, the frequency of these fungal infections has increased drastically worldwide. In our quest for the discovery of novel antifungal compounds, we had previously synthesized and screened quinoline containing 1,2,3-triazole (3a) as a potent Candida spp inhibitor. In the present study, two structural analogues of 3a (3b and 3c) have been synthesized to determine the role of quinoline and their anti-Candida activities have been evaluated. Preliminary results helped us to determine 3a and 3b as lead inhibitors. The IC50 values of compound 3a for C. albicans ATCC 90028 (standard) and C. albicans (fluconazole resistant) strains were 0.044 and 2.3 μg/ml, respectively while compound 3b gave 25.4 and 32.8 μg/ml values for the same strains. Disk diffusion, growth and time kill curve assays showed significant inhibition of C. albicans in the presence of compounds 3a and 3b. Moreover, 3a showed fungicidal nature while 3b was fungistatic. Both the test compounds significantly lower the secretion of proteinases and phospholipases. While, 3a inhibited proteinase secretion in C. albicans (resistant strain) by 45%, 3b reduced phospholipase secretion by 68% in C. albicans ATCC90028 at their respective MIC values. Proton extrusion and intracellular pH measurement studies suggested that both compounds potentially inhibit the activity of H+ ATPase, a membrane protein that is crucial for various cell functions. Similarly, 95–97% reduction in ergosterol content was measured in the presence of the test compounds at MIC and MIC/2. The study led to identification of two quinoline based potent inhibitors of C. albicans for further structural optimization and pharmacological investigation.
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26
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Costa Silva RA, da Silva CR, de Andrade Neto JB, da Silva AR, Campos RS, Sampaio LS, do Nascimento FBSA, da Silva Gaspar B, da Cruz Fonseca SG, Josino MAA, Grangeiro TB, Gaspar DM, de Lucena DF, de Moraes MO, Cavalcanti BC, Nobre Júnior HV. In vitro anti-Candida activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors against fluconazole-resistant strains and their activity against biofilm-forming isolates. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:341-348. [PMID: 28411060 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown broad antifungal activity of the classic antidepressants selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This fact, combined with the increased cross-resistance frequency of the genre Candida regarding the main treatment today, fluconazole, requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In that context, this study aimed to assess the antifungal potential of fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. planktonic cells, as well as to assess the mechanism of action and the viability of biofilms treated with fluoxetine. After 24 h, the fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. strains showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the ranges of 20-160 μg/mL for fluoxetine, 10-20 μg/mL for sertraline, and 10-100.8 μg/mL for paroxetine by the broth microdilution method (M27-A3). According to our data by flow cytometry, each of the SSRIs cause fungal death after damaging the plasma and mitochondrial membrane, which activates apoptotic signaling pathways and leads to dose-dependant cell viability loss. Regarding biofilm-forming isolates, the fluoxetine reduce mature biofilm of all the species tested. Therefore, it is concluded that SSRIs are capable of inhibit the growth in vitro of Candida spp., both in planktonic form, as biofilm, inducing cellular death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Anny Costa Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ramos da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rosana Sousa Campos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Letícia Serpa Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Bruna Stefany Aires do Nascimento
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Brenda da Silva Gaspar
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Said Gonçalves da Cruz Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Alexandre Josino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thalles Barbosa Grangeiro
- Department of Biology, Science Center, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macedo Gaspar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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27
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R M Machado GD, Pippi B, Dalla Lana DF, Amaral APS, Teixeira ML, Souza KCBD, Fuentefria AM. Reversal of fluconazole resistance induced by a synergistic effect with Acca sellowiana in Candida glabrata strains. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2410-2419. [PMID: 27050162 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1158286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The increased incidence of non-albicans Candida (NAC) resistant to fluconazole (FLZ) makes it necessary to use new therapeutic alternatives. Acca sellowiana (O.berg) Burret (Myrtaceae) is a guava with several proven biological activities. The interaction with fluconazole can be a feasible alternative to overcome this resistance. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the in vitro antifungal activity of fractions obtained from the lyophilized aqueous extract of the leaves of A. sellowiana against resistant strains of NAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antifungal activity of the fractions was evaluated at 500 μg/mL by microdilution method. Checkerboard assay was performed to determine the effect of the combination of the F2 fraction and antifungal at concentrations: MIC/4, MIC/2, MIC, MIC × 2 and MIC × 4. RESULTS Candida glabrata showed the lowest MIC values (500-3.90 μg/mL) and the F2 active fraction was the most effective. The association of F2 with FLZ showed a strong synergistic effect (FICI ≤ 0.5) against 100% of C. glabrata resistant isolates. Moreover, the F2 active fraction has demonstrated that probably acts in the cell wall of these yeasts. There was no observed acute dermal toxicity of lyophilized aqueous extract of leaves of A. sellowiana on pig ear skin cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The interaction between substances present in the F2 active fraction is possibly responsible for the antifungal activity presented by this fraction. This study is unprecedented and suggests that the combination of F2 active fraction and FLZ might be used as an alternative treatment for mucocutaneus infections caused by C. glabrata resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella da R M Machado
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Daiane Flores Dalla Lana
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S Amaral
- c Departamento de Farmacociências, Curso de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- d Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia , Concórdia , Brazil
| | - Kellen C B de Souza
- c Departamento de Farmacociências, Curso de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Fuentefria
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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28
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Aneja B, Irfan M, Kapil C, Jairajpuri MA, Maguire R, Kavanagh K, Rizvi MMA, Manzoor N, Azam A, Abid M. Effect of novel triazole-amino acid hybrids on growth and virulence of Candida species: in vitro and in vivo studies. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10599-10619. [PMID: 27735963 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01718e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of human candidiasis and the tendency of Candida species to become resistant to existing chemotherapies are well-recognized health problems. The present study demonstrates the successful synthesis of novel triazole-amino acid hybrids with potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against Candida species. Particularly, compounds 68 and 70 showed potent in vitro activity against fluconazole (FLC) resistant as well as sensitive clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Time kill curve analysis of lead inhibitors 68 and 70 showed their fungistatic nature. Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, mainly proteinases and phospholipases, decreased considerably in the presence of 68 and 70 indicating their interference in fungal virulence. TEM analysis of Candida cells exposed to compounds 68 and 70 clearly showed morphological changes and intracellular damage as their possible mode of action. A preliminary mechanistic study carried out on the two most effective inhibitors (68 and 70) revealed the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis thereby causing the cells to lose their integrity and viability. The selected compounds did not show significant cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 200 μg mL-1 in the HEK293 cell line. An in silico analysis of 68 and 70 binding to a modeled C. albicans CYP51 showed critical H-bonding as well as hydrophobic interactions with the important active site residues indicating the basis of their anti-Candida role. Studies on the larvae of Galleria mellonella showed that the selected inhibitors (68 and 70) were non-toxic, did not provoke an immune response and significantly reduced Candida proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Aneja
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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29
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Brandolt TM, Klafke GB, Gonçalves CV, Bitencourt LR, Martinez AMBD, Mendes JF, Meireles MCA, Xavier MO. Prevalence of Candida spp. in cervical-vaginal samples and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 48:145-150. [PMID: 27756539 PMCID: PMC5220630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection of the genital mucosa caused by different species of the genus Candida. Considering the lack of data on this topic in the south of Brazil, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of Candida spp. in the cervical-vaginal mucosa of patients treated at a university hospital in southern Rio Grande do Sul, as well as the etiology and the susceptibility of the isolates against fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and nystatin. Samples were collected at the gynecology clinic of the Federal Hospital of the University of Rio Grande, and the isolates were identified using phenotypic and biochemical tests. The susceptibility analysis was performed according to the CLSI M27-A2 protocol. Of the 263 patients included, Candida spp. was isolated in 27%, corresponding to a prevalence of approximately 15% for both VVC and colonization. More than 60% of the isolates were identified as Candida albicans; C. non-albicans was isolated at a rate of 8.6% in symptomatic patients and 14.3% in asymptomatic patients. The prevalence of resistance against fluconazole and itraconazole was 42% and 48%, respectively; the minimal inhibitory concentration of miconazole ranged from 0.031 to 8μg/mL, and that of nystatin ranged from 2 to >16μg/mL. The high rate of resistance to triazoles observed in our study suggests the necessity of the association of laboratory exams to clinical diagnosis to minimize the practice of empirical treatments that can contribute to the development of resistance in the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchana Martinez Brandolt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Laboratório de Micologia, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Baracy Klafke
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Laboratório de Micologia, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Vitola Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Laboratório de Micologia, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Ribas E Ribas AD, Spolti P, Del Ponte EM, Donato KZ, Schrekker H, Fuentefria AM. Is the emergence of fungal resistance to medical triazoles related to their use in the agroecosystems? A mini review. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:793-799. [PMID: 27544394 PMCID: PMC5052333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are used broadly for the control of infectious diseases of both humans and plants. The surge in resistance to triazoles among pathogenic populations is an emergent issue both in agriculture and medicine. The non-rational use of fungicides with site-specific modes of action, such as the triazoles, may increase the risk of antifungal resistance development. In the medical field, the surge of resistant fungal isolates has been related to the intensive and recurrent therapeutic use of a limited number of triazoles for the treatment and prophylaxis of many mycoses. Similarities in the mode of action of triazole fungicides used in these two fields may lead to cross-resistance, thus expanding the spectrum of resistance to multiple fungicides and contributing to the perpetuation of resistant strains in the environment. The emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates of human pathogens has been related to the exposure to fungicides used in agroecosystems. Examples include species of cosmopolitan occurrence, such as Fusarium and Aspergillus, which cause diseases in both plants and humans. This review summarizes the information about the most important triazole fungicides that are largely used in human clinical therapy and agriculture. We aim to discuss the issues related to fungicide resistance and the recommended strategies for preventing the emergence of triazole-resistant fungal populations capable of spreading across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aícha Daniela Ribas E Ribas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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31
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Novel 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as promising anti-Candida agents endowed with anti-oxidant and chelating properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:144-56. [PMID: 27100030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pursuing our recent outcomes regarding the antifungal activity of N-substituted 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones, we synthesized thirty-six new derivatives introducing aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and heteroaromatic moieties at N1-hydrazine connected with C2 position of the thiazolidinone nucleus and functionalizing the lactam nitrogen with differently substituted (NO2, NH2, Cl and F) benzyl groups. These compounds were tested to evaluate their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against several clinical Candida spp. with respect to topical and systemic reference drugs (clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, tioconazole, amphotericin B). Moreover, anti-oxidant properties were also evaluated by using different protocols including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays. Moreover, for the most active derivatives we assessed the toxicity (CC50) against Hep2 human cells in order to characterize them as multi-target agents for fungal infections.
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Sherwood ME, Murray CK, Vrahas MS, Hooper DC, Hamblin MR, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of Candida albicans: In vitro and in vivo studies. Virulence 2016; 7:536-45. [PMID: 26909654 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1155015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a common cause of morbidity, mortality and cost in critical care populations. The increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of new therapeutic approaches for fungal infections. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of an innovative approach, antimicrobial blue light (aBL), for inactivation of Candida albicans in vitro and in infected mouse burns. A bioluminescent strain of C. albicans was used. The susceptibilities to aBL (415 nm) were compared between C. albicans and human keratinocytes. The potential development of aBL resistance by C. albicans was investigated via 10 serial passages of C. albicans on aBL exposure. For the animal study, a mouse model of thermal burn infected with the bioluminescent C. albicans strain was used. aBL was delivered to mouse burns approximately 12 h after fungal inoculation. Bioluminescence imaging was performed to monitor in real time the extent of infection in mice. The results obtained from the studies demonstrated that C. albicans was approximately 42-fold more susceptible to aBL than human keratinocytes. Serial passaging of C. albicans on aBL exposure implied a tendency of reduced aBL susceptibility of C. albicans with increasing numbers of passages; however, no statistically significant difference was observed in the post-aBL survival rate of C. albicans between the first and the last passage (P>0.05). A single exposure of 432 J/cm(2) aBL reduced the fungal burden in infected mouse burns by 1.75-log10 (P=0.015). Taken together, our findings suggest aBL is a potential therapeutic for C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Zhang
- a Department of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic , The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , China.,b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yingbo Zhu
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,d School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jia Chen
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,e Shanghai Dermatology Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,f Department of Laser Medicine , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Margaret E Sherwood
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Clinton K Murray
- g Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston , TX , USA
| | - Mark S Vrahas
- h Department of orthopedic Surgery , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David C Hooper
- i Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,j Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- b Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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de Castro RD, de Souza TMPA, Bezerra LMD, Ferreira GLS, de Brito Costa EMM, Cavalcanti AL. Antifungal activity and mode of action of thymol and its synergism with nystatin against Candida species involved with infections in the oral cavity: an in vitro study. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:417. [PMID: 26601661 PMCID: PMC4659158 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitations of antifungal agents used in the treatment of oral candidiasis, as the development of resistant strains, are known by the scientific community. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of thymol against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains and to determine its mode of action and synergistic effect when combined with the synthetic antifungal nystatin. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using a microdilution technique, and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined via subculture sowing. The mode of action of thymol was established by verifying fungal growth in the presence of sorbitol or ergosterol. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) was determined using the checkerboard method. RESULTS Thymol presented an antifungal effect, with MICs of 39 μg/mL for C. albicans and C. krusei and 78 μg/mL for C. tropicalis. The results of the antifungal test remained unchanged in the presence of sorbitol; however, the MIC value of thymol against C. albicans increased eight times (from 39.0 to 312.5 μg/mL) in presence of exogenous ergosterol. The combination of thymol and nystatin reduced the MIC values of both products by 87.4%, generating an FIC index of 0.25. CONCLUSIONS Thymol was found to have a fungicidal effect on Candida species and a synergistic effect when combined with nystatin.
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Anti-Candida activity and cytotoxicity of a large library of new N-substituted-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 107:82-96. [PMID: 26562544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the recent findings about the biological properties of thiazolidinones and taking into account the encouraging results about the antifungal activity of some (thiazol-2-yl)hydrazines, new N-substituted heterocyclic derivatives were designed combining the thiazolidinone nucleus with the hydrazonic portion. In details, 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones bearing (cyclo)aliphatic or (hetero)aromatic moieties linked to the N1-hydrazine at C2 were synthesized and classified into three series according to the aromatic or bicyclic rings connected to the lactam nitrogen of the thiazolidinone. These molecules were assayed for their anti-Candida effects in reference to the biological activity of the conventional topic (clotrimazole, miconazole, tioconazole) and systemic drugs (fluconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B). Finally, we investigated the selectivity against fungal cells by testing the compounds endowed with the best MICs on Hep2 cells in order to assess their cell toxicity (CC50) and we noticed that two derivatives were less cytotoxic than the reference drug clotrimazole. Moreover, a preliminary molecular modelling approach has been performed against lanosterol 14-α demethylase (CYP51A1) to rationalize the activity of the tested compounds and to specify the target protein or enzyme.
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Premachandra IDUA, Scott KA, Shen C, Wang F, Lane S, Liu H, Van Vranken DL. Potent Synergy between Spirocyclic Pyrrolidinoindolinones and Fluconazole against Candida albicans. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1672-86. [PMID: 26263912 PMCID: PMC4682886 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A spiroindolinone, (1S,3R,3aR,6aS)-1-benzyl-6'-chloro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7'-methylspiro[1,2,3a,6a-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-3,3'-1H-indole]-2',4,6-trione, was previously reported to enhance the antifungal effect of fluconazole against Candida albicans. A diastereomer of this compound was synthesized, along with various analogues. Many of the compounds were shown to enhance the antifungal effect of fluconazole against C. albicans, some with exquisite potency. One spirocyclic piperazine derivative, which we have named synazo-1, was found to enhance the effect of fluconazole with an EC50 value of 300 pM against a susceptible strain of C. albicans and going as low as 2 nM against some resistant strains. Synazo-1 exhibits true synergy with fluconazole, with an FIC index below 0.5 in the strains tested. Synazo-1 exhibited low toxicity in mammalian cells relative to the concentrations required for antifungal synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin A Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Chengtian Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 825 Health Sciences Road, Medical Sciences I, Irvine, CA 92697-1700 (USA)
| | - Shelley Lane
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 825 Health Sciences Road, Medical Sciences I, Irvine, CA 92697-1700 (USA)
| | - Haoping Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 825 Health Sciences Road, Medical Sciences I, Irvine, CA 92697-1700 (USA)
| | - David L Van Vranken
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA).
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Chudzik B, Koselski M, Czuryło A, Trębacz K, Gagoś M. A new look at the antibiotic amphotericin B effect on Candida albicans plasma membrane permeability and cell viability functions. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:77-90. [PMID: 25557523 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-1003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antifungal polyene for which the most accepted mode of action is formation of protein-like ion channels in the cell membrane. Patch-clamp research on Candida albicans protoplasts carried out in the outside-out configuration showed that application of 0.05 and 0.1 μM AmB caused a decrease in seal resistance. Such a phenomenon can be correlated with a decrease in membrane tightness. AmB applied at a 0.05 μM concentration also caused a decrease in the number of active TOK1 (two-pore outward rectifiers) potassium channels, but did not significantly change their open probability. The results indicate that in C. albicans protoplast AmB causes a decrease in cell membrane integrity by interaction with its lipid phase but not with ion channels. Fluorescence microscopy techniques showed that AmB treatment, in clinical concentrations, had no effect on the percentage of PI-positive protoplasts. AmB treatment in the concentrations tested did not cause a rapid reduction of the number of C. albicans protoplasts. However, there was a significant loss of replication competency and numerous morphological and physiological disorders, including cytoplasm shrinking, abnormal morphology of the nucleus and mitochondria, a sudden decrease in the MTT reduction level and oxidative stress. Our results show that the induction of yeast cell death by AmB, at therapeutic doses, is a multistage and long-term process involving multiple intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chudzik
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland,
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Mota ACLG, de Castro RD, de Araújo Oliveira J, de Oliveira Lima E. Antifungal Activity of Apple Cider Vinegar on Candida Species Involved in Denture Stomatitis. J Prosthodont 2014; 24:296-302. [PMID: 25219289 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of apple cider vinegar on Candida spp. involved in denture stomatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The microdilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of apple cider vinegar containing 4% maleic acid, and nystatin (control). Further tests of microbial kinetics and inhibition of adherence to acrylic resin were performed testing different concentrations (MIC, MICx2, MICx4) of the products at time intervals of 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. A roughness meter was used to measure the changes in surface roughness; color change of the acrylic resin specimens exposed to the test products in different concentrations and time intervals were also evaluated. RESULTS Apple cider vinegar (4%) showed MIC of 2500 μg/ml and MFC of 2500, 5000, and 10,000 μg/ml depending on the strain tested. Nystatin showed MIC of 3.125 μg/ml and strain-dependent MFC values ranging from 3.125 to 12.5 μg/ml. The microbial kinetic assay showed a statistical difference between apple cider vinegar and nystatin (p < 0.0001). After 30 minutes of exposure, apple cider vinegar showed fungicidal effect at MICx4, whereas nystatin maintained its fungistatic effect. Apple cider vinegar showed greater inhibition of adherence (p < 0.001) compared to control. Apple cider vinegar did not significantly alter the surface roughness of the acrylic resin specimens compared to nystatin (p > 0.05), and both had no influence on their color. CONCLUSION Apple cider vinegar showed antifungal properties against Candida spp., thus representing a possible therapeutic alternative for patients with denture stomatitis.
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Parker JE, Warrilow AGS, Price CL, Mullins JGL, Kelly DE, Kelly SL. Resistance to antifungals that target CYP51. J Chem Biol 2014; 7:143-61. [PMID: 25320648 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-014-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases are an increasing global burden. Fungi are now recognised to kill more people annually than malaria, whilst in agriculture, fungi threaten crop yields and food security. Azole resistance, mediated by several mechanisms including point mutations in the target enzyme (CYP51), is increasing through selection pressure as a result of widespread use of triazole fungicides in agriculture and triazole antifungal drugs in the clinic. Mutations similar to those seen in clinical isolates as long ago as the 1990s in Candida albicans and later in Aspergillus fumigatus have been identified in agriculturally important fungal species and also wider combinations of point mutations. Recently, evidence that mutations originate in the field and now appear in clinical infections has been suggested. This situation is likely to increase in prevalence as triazole fungicide use continues to rise. Here, we review the progress made in understanding azole resistance found amongst clinically and agriculturally important fungal species focussing on resistance mechanisms associated with CYP51. Biochemical characterisation of wild-type and mutant CYP51 enzymes through ligand binding studies and azole IC50 determinations is an important tool for understanding azole susceptibility and can be used in conjunction with microbiological methods (MIC50 values), molecular biological studies (site-directed mutagenesis) and protein modelling studies to inform future antifungal development with increased specificity for the target enzyme over the host homologue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie E Parker
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Andrew G S Warrilow
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Claire L Price
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Jonathan G L Mullins
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Diane E Kelly
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
| | - Steven L Kelly
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP UK
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Neto JBA, da Silva CR, Neta MAS, Campos RS, Siebra JT, Silva RAC, Gaspar DM, Magalhães HIF, de Moraes MO, Lobo MDP, Grangeiro TB, Carvalho TSC, Diogo EBT, da Silva Júnior EN, Rodrigues FAR, Cavalcanti BC, Júnior HVN. Antifungal activity of naphthoquinoidal compounds in vitro against fluconazole-resistant strains of different Candida species: a special emphasis on mechanisms of action on Candida tropicalis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93698. [PMID: 24817320 PMCID: PMC4015898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence of candidemia in tertiary hospitals worldwide has substantially increased. These infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality; in addition, they prolong hospital stays and raise the costs associated with treatment. Studies have reported a significant increase in infections by non-albicans Candida species, especially C. tropicalis. The number of antifungal drugs on the market is small in comparison to the number of antibacterial agents available. The limited number of treatment options, coupled with the increasing frequency of cross-resistance, makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal activities of three semisynthetic naphthofuranquinone molecules against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. strains. These results allowed to us to evaluate the antifungal effects of three naphthofuranquinones on fluconazole-resistant C. tropicalis. The toxicity of these compounds was manifested as increased intracellular ROS, which resulted in membrane damage and changes in cell size/granularity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and DNA damage (including oxidation and strand breakage). In conclusion, the tested naphthofuranquinones (compounds 1-3) exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. strains.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Candida/classification
- Candida/drug effects
- Candida/genetics
- Candida tropicalis/drug effects
- Candida tropicalis/genetics
- Candida tropicalis/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/metabolism
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Fungal/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fluconazole/pharmacology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Models, Chemical
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Structure
- Naphthoquinones/chemical synthesis
- Naphthoquinones/chemistry
- Naphthoquinones/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylserines
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- João B. A. Neto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cecília R. da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria A. S. Neta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosana S. Campos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Janaína T. Siebra
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rose A. C. Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle M. Gaspar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hemerson I. F. Magalhães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Toxicological Assistance, University Federal of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Manoel O. de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marina D. P. Lobo
- Department of Biology, ScienceCenter, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thalles B. Grangeiro
- Department of Biology, ScienceCenter, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tatiane S. C. Carvalho
- Natural Products Research Nucleus, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emilay B. T. Diogo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic and Heterocyclic Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic and Heterocyclic Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. R. Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno C. Cavalcanti
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélio V. N. Júnior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Bioprospection and Experiments in Yeast (LABEL), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Cao X, Sun Z, Cao Y, Wang R, Cai T, Chu W, Hu W, Yang Y. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel fused heterocycles-linked triazoles with good activity and water solubility. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3687-706. [PMID: 24564525 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles with fused-heterocycle nuclei were designed and evaluated for their in vitro activity on the basis of the binding mode of albaconazole using molecular docking, along with SAR of antifungal triazoles. Tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine and tetrahydro-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine nuclei were preferable to the other four fused-heterocycle nuclei investigated. Potent in vitro activity, broad spectrum and better water solubility were attained when triazoles containing nitrogen aromatic heterocycles were attached to these two nuclei. The most potent compounds 27aa and 45x, with low hERG inhibition and hepatocyte toxicity, both exhibited excellent activity against Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus spp., as well as selected fluconazole-resistant strains. A high water-soluble compound 58 (the disulfate salt of 45x) displayed unsatisfactory in vivo activity because of its poor PK profiles. Mice infected with C.alb. SC5314 and C.alb. 103 (fluconazole-resistant strain) and administered with 27aa displayed significantly improved survival rates. 27aa also showed favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
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Gallucci MN, Carezzano ME, Oliva MM, Demo MS, Pizzolitto RP, Zunino MP, Zygadlo JA, Dambolena JS. In vitro activity of natural phenolic compounds against fluconazole-resistant Candida species: a quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:795-804. [PMID: 24387763 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the antifungal activity and to analyse the structure-activity relationship of eleven natural phenolic compounds against four Candida species which are resistant to fluconazole. METHODS AND RESULTS Four different species of Candida isolates were used: Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis. The phenolic compound carvacrol showed the highest anti-Candida bioactivity, followed by thymol and isoeugenol. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained were used in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis where the electronic, steric, thermodynamic and topological descriptors served as dependent variables. According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the antifungal activity of phenols has a first action specific character which is based on their interaction with plasma or mitochondrial membranes. The second action is based on a steric descriptor-the maximal and minimal projection of the area-which could explain the inability of some phenolic compounds to be biotransformed to quinones methylene by Candida species. CONCLUSIONS According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the anti-Candida activity of ortho-substituted phenols is due to more than one action mechanism. The anti-Candida activity of phenolic compounds can be predicted by their molecular properties and structural characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results could be employed to predict the anti-Candida activity of new phenolic compounds in the search for new alternatives or complementary therapies to combat against candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gallucci
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Córdoba, Argentina
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Synergistic effect of the flavonoid catechin, quercetin, or epigallocatechin gallate with fluconazole induces apoptosis in Candida tropicalis resistant to fluconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:1468-78. [PMID: 24366745 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00651-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of phenolic compounds commonly found in fruits, vegetables, grains, flowers, tea, and wine. They differ in their chemical structures and characteristics. Such compounds show various biological functions and have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro interactions of flavonoids with fluconazole against Candida tropicalis strains resistant to fluconazole, investigating the mechanism of synergism. Three combinations formed by the flavonoids (+)-catechin hydrated, hydrated quercetin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate at a fixed concentration with fluconazole were tested. Flavonoids alone had no antifungal activity within the concentration range tested, but when they were used as a cotreatment with fluconazole, there was significant synergistic activity. From this result, we set out to evaluate the possible mechanisms of cell death involved in this synergism. Isolated flavonoids did not induce morphological changes or changes in membrane integrity in the strains tested, but when they were used as a cotreatment with fluconazole, these changes were quite significant. When evaluating mitochondrial damage and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) only in the cotreatment, changes were observed. Flavonoids combined with fluconazole were shown to cause a significant increase in the rate of damage and the frequency of DNA damage in the tested strains. The cotreatment also induced an increase in the externalization of phosphatidylserine, an important marker of early apoptosis. It is concluded that flavonoids, when combined with fluconazole, show activity against strains of C. tropicalis resistant to fluconazole, promoting apoptosis by exposure of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane and morphological changes, mitochondrial depolarization, intracellular accumulation of ROS, condensation, and DNA fragmentation.
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43
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Cao XF, Chu WJ, Cao YB, Yang YS. Design and synthesis of novel antifungal triazole derivatives with good activity and water solubility. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Kunzler A, Neuenfeldt PD, das Neves AM, Pereira CMP, Marques GH, Nascente PS, Fernandes MHV, Hübner SO, Cunico W. Synthesis, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of 2-aryl-3-((piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)thiazolidinones. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:74-80. [PMID: 23644190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of sixteen novel thiazolidinone derivatives were synthesized from the efficient one-pot reaction of 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethylamine, arenealdehydes and mercaptoacetic acid in good yields. Identification and characterization of products were achieved by NMR and GC-MS techniques. The in vitro antifungal activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated against seven fungi: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Cryptococcus laurentii, Geotrichum sp, Trichosporon asahii and Rhodotorula sp. The results are expressed as the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) and the best results were found against the Rhodotorula sp yeast. Two thiazolidinones (4h and 4l), MIC and MFC (16.5 μg/mL) proved to be 1.6 times more active than fluconazole and four of them (4b, 4e, 4g and 4k (MIC and MFC 25 μg/mL)) showed similar activity of standard drug to Rhodotorula sp. In addition, the cytotoxicity of thiazolidinones 4a-p was evaluated on cultured Vero cells and most of them displayed low toxicity (above 98 μg/mL). These preliminary and important results could be considered a starting point for the development of new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kunzler
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Bioativos (LaQuiABio), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Campus Universitário s/nº, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
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Synergistic effects of amiodarone and fluconazole on Candida tropicalis resistant to fluconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:1691-700. [PMID: 23357774 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00966-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There have recently been significant increases in the prevalence of systemic invasive fungal infections. However, the number of antifungal drugs on the market is limited in comparison to the number of available antibacterial drugs. This fact, coupled with the increased frequency of cross-resistance, makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. Combination drug therapies have become one of the most widely used and effective strategies to alleviate this problem. Amiodarone (AMD) is classically used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and is the drug of choice for patients with arrhythmia. Recent studies have shown broad antifungal activity of the drug when administered in combination with fluconazole (FLC). In the present study, we induced resistance to fluconazole in six strains of Candida tropicalis and evaluated potential synergism between fluconazole and amiodarone. The evaluation of drug interaction was determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration and by performing flow cytometry. We conclude that amiodarone, when administered in combination with fluconazole, exhibits activity against strains of C. tropicalis that are resistant to fluconazole, which most likely occurs via changes in the integrity of the yeast cell membrane and the generation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage that could lead to cell death by apoptosis.
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