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Awomuti A, Alimo PK, Lartey-Young G, Agyeman S, Akintunde TY, Agbeja AO, Oderinde O, Samuel OW, Otobrise H. Towards adequate policy enhancement: An AI-driven decision tree model for efficient recognition and classification of EPA status via multi-emission parameters. CITY AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS 2023; 20:100127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2024]
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Muzzo A, Pollastri I, Biasetti P, Vogt G, Manenti R, de Mori B. Ethical reasoning and participatory approach towards achieving regulatory processes for animal-visitor interactions (AVIs) in South Africa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282507. [PMID: 36877684 PMCID: PMC9987795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
South Africa's wide range of animal facilities offers many different types of Animal-Visitor Interactions, wild animal encounters where animals and visitors come closer than in normal circumstances. The aim of this study was to provide a map of the ethically relevant aspects involved in AVIs in South Africa as a first step towards regulating these activities. A participative approach based on the ethical matrix, a tool which organizes the ethical standings of the stakeholders by three bearing ethical principles (wellbeing, autonomy, fairness), was applied. The matrix was populated through a top-down approach and refined by engaging stakeholders in a workshop and two online self-administrated surveys. The outcome is a map of the value demands concerning Animal Visitor Interactions. This map shows how the ethical acceptability of AVIs is linked to different relevant issues like animal welfare, education, biodiversity conservation, sustainability, human competency, facility mission, impact on scientific research and socio-economic outcomes. In addition, results highlighted the importance of cooperation among stakeholders and suggested that attention for animal welfare can inform decision making and inspire a multidisciplinary approach in implementing a regulatory frame for South African wildlife facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Muzzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pollastri
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (IP); (RM); (BM)
| | - Pierfrancesco Biasetti
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregory Vogt
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Conservation Guardians, Shongweni Nature Reserve, Kwa Zulu Natal, Outer West Durban, South Africa
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (IP); (RM); (BM)
| | - Barbara de Mori
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (IP); (RM); (BM)
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Biasetti P, Hildebrandt TB, Göritz F, Hermes R, Holtze S, Galli C, Lazzari G, Colleoni S, Pollastri I, Spiriti MM, Stejskal J, Seet S, Zwilling J, Ngulu S, Mutisya S, Kariuki L, Lokolool I, Omondo P, Ndeereh D, de Mori B. Ethical Analysis of the Application of Assisted Reproduction Technologies in Biodiversity Conservation and the Case of White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) Ovum Pick-Up Procedures. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:831675. [PMID: 35591869 PMCID: PMC9113018 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.831675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally applied on domestic and lab animals, assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) have also found application in conservation breeding programs, where they can make the genetic management of populations more efficient, and increase the number of individuals per generation. However, their application in wildlife conservation opens up new ethical scenarios that have not yet been fully explored. This study presents a frame for the ethical analysis of the application of ART procedures in conservation based on the Ethical Matrix (EM), and discusses a specific case study—ovum pick-up (OPU) procedures performed in the current conservation efforts for the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni)—providing a template for the assessment of ART procedures in projects involving other endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Biasetti
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pierfrancesco Biasetti
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
- Thomas B. Hildebrandt
| | - Frank Göritz
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Hermes
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
| | - Silvia Colleoni
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pollastri
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Spiriti
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jan Stejskal
- ZOO Dvůr Králové, Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Czechia
| | - Steven Seet
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Zwilling
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara de Mori
- Ethics Laboratory for Veterinary Medicine, Conservation, and Animal Welfare, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Arlt SP, Øvregaard H. Ethics in canine reproduction - a survey among veterinarians who provide canine reproductive services. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 50:5-12. [PMID: 34729723 DOI: 10.1055/a-1661-3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several dog breeds suffer from health and welfare problems due to unfavorable anatomies and high prevalence of inherited diseases. Veterinarians should care for animal health and welfare but they may also be involved in breeding management including the use of reproductive techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS An online survey was conducted to find out how veterinarians who are involved in small animal reproduction regard ethical issues, which services they provide, how they discuss and handle ethical concerns and talk about them with breeders. RESULTS In total, 83 participants mainly from Europe completed the online survey. Opinions on which interventions are ethical or not were heterogeneous. Most respondents (79.2 %) found it ethical to perform artificial insemination (AI) in dogs which did not reproduce naturally before. However, 62.7 % of participants stated that surgical insemination is not ethical. Elective cesarean sections are considered not ethical by approximately half of the participants. A closer look at responses to the questions of whether AI is ethical under specific conse quences suggests that most veterinarians are making ethical and value judgments in terms of what is justifiable or not. However, more than 80 % feel at least sometimes compromised by ethical conflicts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This research intended to foster discussion of this topic. International strategies should be developed to support solving conflicts and dilemmas related to ethical issues in dog breeding and assisted reproduction, as well as diminishing physical disabilities and heritable diseases.
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Improved viability and fertility of frozen-thawed dog sperm using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7034. [PMID: 32341452 PMCID: PMC7184611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation procedures negatively affect the quality traits of sperm, causing certain changes at structural and molecular levels due to thermal, mechanical, osmotic, and oxidative damage. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) for providing protection to the dog sperm against cryo-damage. Canine Ad-MSCs were selected on the basis of the significantly higher gene expression for different proteins actively involved in the cell repair including annexin 1 (ANX1), histone H3 (H3) and high mobility group B (HMGB) protein compared to skin fibroblasts. Semen was collected from four healthy dogs by digital manipulation. The washed pooled ejaculates were diluted with buffer 2 (extender) supplemented without Ad-MSCs (Control), with 2.5 × 106 Ad-MSCs/mL (Group 1) or with 5 × 106 Ad-MSCs/mL (Group 2). Group 1 exhibited significantly higher post-thaw motility, live sperm, intact plasma membrane and normal acrosomes than the other groups. Additionally, Group 1 showed significantly higher expression levels of genes related to the repair of membranes (ANX1, dysferlin; DYSF, and fibronectin; FN1) and chromatin material (H3 and HMGB). Protein expression of ANX1, H 3, and FN1 was also statistically more in Group 1 than in Control. The results confirm that canine Ad-MSCs can effectively preserve the quality of frozen-thawed sperm by a reduction in cryoinjury. At an appropriate concentration, Ad-MSCs significantly improve the quality of post-thaw dog sperm.
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Eder S, Bailey LD, Müller K. Equilibration in freezing extender alters in vitro sperm-oviduct binding in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Theriogenology 2020; 149:79-87. [PMID: 32247216 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For the preservation of endangered felid species, epididymal sperm may be received from valuable individuals after castration or death and they need to be cryopreserved for storage. However, pregnancy rates with epididymal or cryopreserved sperm are lower than with ejaculated and non-frozen semen even if insemination is surgically performed into the oviduct. To investigate whether equilibration, the first step of the cryopreservation procedure, has an impact on sperm-oviduct binding, we generated oviduct epithelial cell vesicles from isthmus segments of preovulatory domestic cats. Binding assays were performed with epididymal sperm in a cell culture medium (M199) without supplements, or after cooling to 15 °C in a freezing extender (TestG), supplemented with glycerol and the water-soluble fraction of hen's egg yolk mainly comprising LDL. The sperm-oviduct binding was assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively (head or tail binding of sperm with active or inactive mitochondria). Most of the bound sperm prepared in M199 had active mitochondria and were attached to the vesicles by their heads. In equilibrated samples, the proportion of bound sperm with active mitochondria and the proportion of head-bound spermatozoa were reduced. The total motility of the sperm after 1 h of incubation in the absence or presence of vesicles were also affected by the preparation (higher in equilibrated) and the incubation (lower in co-incubated), while mitochondrial activity was influenced just by the preparation. Obviously, LDL has a beneficial effect on sperm motility, but we suggest that it interferes with the molecular sperm-oviduct crosstalk and causes a reduced binding of "good" sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Eder
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Liam D Bailey
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Müller
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
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Ashall V, Millar K. An Opportunity to Refocus on the ‘Humane’ in Experimental Endpoints: Moving beyond Directive 2010/63/EU. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 41:307-12. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291304100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ashall
- Centre for Applied Bioethics, Schools of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Kate Millar
- Centre for Applied Bioethics, Schools of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, UK
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Abdillah DA, Setyawan EMN, Oh HJ, Ra K, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Lee BC. Iodixanol supplementation during sperm cryopreservation improves protamine level and reduces reactive oxygen species of canine sperm. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:79-86. [PMID: 30481988 PMCID: PMC6351762 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the protective effects of iodixanol on dog spermatozoa during cryopreservation. The optimal concentration of iodixanol, 1.5%, was determined using fresh spermatozoa and was applied in the following experiments. The 1.5% iodixanol group showed significantly increased sperm motility from that in the control (p < 0.05). Lower mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator (ROMO1) and pro-apoptotic gene (BAX) expressions, together with higher expressions of protamine-2 (PRM2), protamine-3 (PRM3), anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2), and sperm acrosome associated-3 (SPACA3) genes were detected in the iodixanol-treated group. In addition, decreased protamine deficiency and cryocapacitation were observed in the treatment group. Our results show that supplementation with 1.5% iodixanol is ideal for reducing production of ROS and preventing detrimental effects during the canine sperm cryopreservation process, effects manifested as increased motility and reduced cryocapacitation in frozen-thawed spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas A Abdillah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Erif M N Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kihae Ra
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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9
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Farstad W. Ethics in animal breeding. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 53 Suppl 3:4-13. [PMID: 30474325 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethical breeding involves the use of healthy animals true to their species in behaviour and physical appearance, and when applicable, showing a sustainable performance. The concerns for the species/breed are essential parts of the breeding goals, including preservation of genetic resources within the species/breed, and the health and welfare of the individual animal. Ethical and welfare considerations were often not prioritized in developing new breeds of production or companion animals. As a result, animal breeding practices are increasingly becoming part of the debate on animal welfare. In companion animals, breeding for curiosity or "cuteness" may be a goal in itself, although dogs are also bred for utility. In production animals, breeding focus is on performance, i.e., quantitative entities and financial income, rather than physical appearance. For instance, dairy cows are bred to be larger and to have higher milk yields, sows and ewes to produce more offspring, and horses are designed for riding, racing, and companionship. Overbreeding in relation to current demand of horses, cats, and dogs raises welfare issues due to abandonment or killing of horses and millions of cats and dogs every year. There is variable regulation of health requirements for breeding animals in different countries of the world. In many countries, consumers are becoming increasingly aware of animal welfare issues such as negative effects of certain production traits in farm animals, leading to decreased demand for their meat at a time where increased food production is becoming crucial. Amidst these dilemmas are the veterinarians. This paper deals with issues connected to traditional breeding as well as some of the breeding technologies, and includes food safety, ethics, and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Farstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Millar K. Let's talk about veterinary ethics: developing tools, finding spaces and recognising institutional responsibilities. Vet Rec 2018; 182:662-663. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.k2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Millar
- Centre for Applied Bioethics, School of Biosciences and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
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Abstract
Artificial insemination is the collection of semen from the male and the subsequent insertion of the collected semen into the female. Artificial insemination may be requested for several reasons, including inability to achieve a mating or due to the use of fresh chilled or frozen semen. A good understanding of the cycle of the bitch is imperative for maximizing pregnancy rates, as poor timing of insemination is the most common cause of subfertility in the bitch. Insemination techniques commonly undertaken in the bitch include vaginal insemination, surgical intrauterine insemination, and transcervical insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Mason
- Monash Veterinary Clinic, 1662 Dandenong Road, Oakleigh East, Victoria 3166, Australia.
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Hollinshead FK, Hanlon DW. Factors affecting the reproductive performance of bitches: A prospective cohort study involving 1203 inseminations with fresh and frozen semen. Theriogenology 2017; 101:62-72. [PMID: 28708517 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to utilize multivariable statistical methods to identify factors that significantly affected whelping rate, litter size and gestation length in a large population of bitches of many different breeds, presented for routine breeding management. In addition, we aimed to determine the incidence of dystocia and the proportion of bitches undergoing a caesarean section procedure. A total of 1146 individual bitches representing 84 different breeds contributed 1203 inseminations over the 9 year (2007-2015) study period. Bitches were inseminated with either frozen-thawed (n = 645), fresh (n = 543) or chilled (n = 15) semen from 1371 different males. The mean (SD) whelping rate was 74± 4% and the mean litter size was 5.8 ± 3.1 pups per litter for all bitches in the study. The whelping rate was significantly lower in bitches inseminated with frozen-thawed semen compared with bitches inseminated with fresh semen (71% vs 80% respectively; P < 0.001). Semen that was classified as having poor motility (<30% progressive) resulted in a significantly lower whelping rate (37%) than semen classified as good (30-65% progressive; whelping rate = 67%) or excellent (>65% progressive; whelping rate = 79%). There was a linear decline in whelping rate with advancing age. Greyhounds and Labradors demonstrated a significantly higher whelping rate (88% and 94% respectively) compared with all other breeds (71.3%, P < 0.001). Bitches inseminated with frozen-thawed semen had significantly smaller litter sizes than bitches inseminated with fresh semen (5.4 ± 3.1 vs 6.2 ± 3.0 pups per litter respectively; P = 0.02). Smaller breeds had significantly smaller litters (4.4 ± 2.1 pups) than medium (5.2 ± 2.9 pups), large (5.9 ± 2.9 pups) or giant (6.7 ± 3.8 pups) breeds. For each advancing year of age, litter size decreased by 0.13 pups per litter. The mean (SD) gestation length from LH0 was 65 ± 1.9 d. Greyhounds had a significantly longer pregnancy duration (68.0 ± 1.5 d) than other breeds. For each additional year of bitch age, gestation length increased by 0.11 days (P < 0.01), and for each additional pup per litter, gestation length was reduced by 0.08 days (P < 0.05). Of the 890 bitches for which whelping outcomes were recorded; 409 (46%) whelped normally without assistance, 249 (28%) had an elective C-section, 205 (23%) underwent an emergency C-section and 27 (3%) were medically managed or required veterinary assistance for dystocia. Brachycephalic breeds were 11.3 (95CI = 9.3-17.9; P < 0.001) times more likely to have a C-section compared to all other breeds. Bitches with litter sizes of one or two pups had a C-section rate of 83%, whereas bitches with litter sizes of three or more pups had a C-section rate of 43% (P < 0.001). This study provides important clinical information to optimise whelping rates, litter size and the prediction of whelping in certain breeds for clinicians working in canine reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Hollinshead
- GlenBred, Matamata Veterinary Services, 26 Tainui St, Matamata, 3400, New Zealand.
| | - D W Hanlon
- GlenBred, Matamata Veterinary Services, 26 Tainui St, Matamata, 3400, New Zealand
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Mason SJ. A retrospective clinical study of endoscopic-assisted transcervical insemination in the bitch with frozen-thawed dog semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52 Suppl 2:275-280. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SJ Mason
- Monash Veterinary Clinic; Oakleigh East Melbourne Australia
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Ruohoniemi M, Mikkonen J, Salomäki R, Hänninen L, Heikkilä A, Ryhänen S. Teaching Tip-Studying to Become a Veterinarian: A Course for Student Support. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 44:198-204. [PMID: 27779919 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0116-017r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, concerns over veterinary students' stress have been expressed in several studies, and the need for student support has become evident. In addition, the importance of professional and personal identity development in veterinary curricula has been widely recognized. There is a need to integrate academic and professional skills instruction with training in personal-life balance. Even though tools for student support and stress management exist within universities, reports on active and creative practices in veterinary education are scarce. We report here a course that has been organized twice as an optional part of veterinary studies to provide students with tools for everyday life and personal development toward a future veterinary career. Students defined their own learning objectives in this course, and they reported having received tools and knowledge especially for time management and stress control. The course gave the students an opportunity to step back from their busy schedules, think over their lives and actions, and even take concrete actions that have a positive effect on their well-being. The rich qualitative material collected during the pilot course has been used not only for developing the course further but also for development of the mandatory curriculum.
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15
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Mason S, Rous N. Comparison of endoscopic-assisted transcervical and laparotomy insemination with frozen-thawed dog semen: A retrospective clinical study. Theriogenology 2014; 82:844-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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England GCW, Russo M, Freeman SL. Artificial insemination in dogs and cats 2. Artificial insemination in dogs. IN PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.g1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Goericke-Pesch S, Klaus D, Failing K, Wehrend A. Longevity of chilled canine semen comparing different extenders. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 135:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Burgess DM, Mitchell KE, Thomas PGA. Coeliotomy-assisted intrauterine insemination in dogs: a study of 238 inseminations. Aust Vet J 2012; 90:283-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DM Burgess
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists; 263 Appleby Road; Stafford Heights; Queensland; 4053; Australia
| | - KE Mitchell
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists; 263 Appleby Road; Stafford Heights; Queensland; 4053; Australia
| | - PGA Thomas
- Queensland Veterinary Specialists; 263 Appleby Road; Stafford Heights; Queensland; 4053; Australia
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Jensen KK, Forsberg EM, Gamborg C, Millar K, Sandøe P. Facilitating ethical reflection among scientists using the ethical matrix. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2011; 17:425-445. [PMID: 20589537 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-010-9218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that scientists are likely to have an outlook on both facts and values that are different to that of lay people in important ways. This is one significant reason it is currently believed that in order for scientists to exercise a reliable ethical reflection about their research it is necessary for them to engage in dialogue with other stakeholders. This paper reports on an exercise to encourage a group of scientists to reflect on ethical issues without the presence of external stakeholders. It reports on the use of a reflection process with scientists working in the area of animal disease genomics (mainly drawn from the EADGENE EC Network of Excellence). This reflection process was facilitated by using an ethical engagement framework, a modified version of the Ethical Matrix. As judged by two criteria, a qualitative assessment of the outcomes and the participants' own assessment of the process, this independent reflective exercise was deemed to be successful. The discussions demonstrated a high level of complexity and depth, with participants demonstrating a clear perception of uncertainties and the context in which their research operates. Reflection on stakeholder views and values appeared to be embedded within the discussions. The finding from this exercise seems to indicate that even without the involvement of the wider stakeholder community, valuable reflection and worthwhile discourse can be generated from ethical reflection processes involving only scienitific project partners. Hence, the previous assumption that direct stakeholder engagement is necessary for ethical reflection does not appear to hold true in all cases; however, other reasons for involving a broad group of stakeholders relating to governance and social accountability of science remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Klint Jensen
- Danish Centre for Bioethics and Risk Assessment, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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