1
|
Schmitt R, Pieper L, Borchardt S, Swinkels JM, Gelfert CC, Staufenbiel R. Effects of a single transdermal administration of flunixin meglumine in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows: Part 1. Inflammatory and metabolic markers, uterine health, and indicators of pain. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:624-640. [PMID: 35033349 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of a single transdermal administration of flunixin meglumine (FM) in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows on serum concentrations of inflammatory and metabolic markers, uterine health, and indicators of pain. The hypothesis was that the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgetic effects of the pharmaceutic agent would reduce systemic inflammation, resulting in improved metabolic and inflammatory profile, diminished incidence of metritis, and reduced expression of pain. A total of 500 cows (153 primiparous, 347 multiparous) from 3 different commercial dairy farms in the northeast of Germany were included in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Farms were preselected based on high haptoglobin concentrations in their fresh lactating cows. Cows were excluded if they had experienced dystocia, stillbirth, or twin birth, or if they showed any signs of milk fever, retained fetal membranes, or fever (>40°C). The cows were treated once with either FM (3.33 mg/kg) or a placebo as control (CON) through transdermal administration between 24 to 36 h postpartum (d 2). General health examinations were performed (daily from d 2-8 and additionally on d 15 postpartum), vaginal discharge was assessed using the Metricheck device (d 8 and 15 postpartum) and serum samples were analyzed for inflammatory and metabolic markers (d 2, 4, and 6 postpartum). Effects of treatment, parity, sampling day, and their interactions were evaluated using mixed effects models. Primiparous cows treated with FM showed lower serum haptoglobin concentrations (0.90 ± 0.08 vs. 1.17 ± 0.07 g/L; ± standard error of the mean) and higher serum albumin concentrations (35.5 ± 0.31 vs. 34.8 ± 0.31 g/L) on d 6 postpartum. They also had a lower risk for purulent vaginal discharge with or without a fever compared with CON cows on d 15 postpartum (odds ratio for CON vs. FM: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.26-2.00), and body temperature was lower throughout the first 15 d in milk (39.1 ± 0.11 vs. 39.2 ± 0.11°C). Multiparous cows treated with FM had lower serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations on d 4 postpartum (0.71 ± 0.05 vs. 0.78 ± 0.05 mmol/L) and d 6 postpartum (0.74 ± 0.05 vs. 0.80 ± 0.05 mmol/L). Regardless of parity, FM-treated cows were significantly less likely to abduct their tail from their body (14.3 vs. 23.6%) and show an arched back (27.9 vs. 39.7%) on the day after treatment compared with CON cows. It can be concluded that FM treatment slightly reduced inflammation and diminished the risk for metritis in primiparous cows, improved metabolic profile in multiparous cows, and reduced expressions of pain in all cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Schmitt
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Germany 14163.
| | - L Pieper
- Department of Farm Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland 8057
| | - S Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Free University of Berlin, Germany 14163
| | - J M Swinkels
- Global Ruminants Business Unit, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, the Netherlands 5831
| | - C-C Gelfert
- Intervet GesmbH, MSD Animal Health, Vienna, Austria 1210
| | - R Staufenbiel
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Germany 14163
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osawa T. Predisposing factors, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of persistent endometritis in postpartum cows. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:291-299. [PMID: 34511538 PMCID: PMC8568609 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A certain level of endometrial bacterial infection and inflammation is involved in bovine uterine involution during the puerperal period. Factors that hamper normal uterine involution
expose the uterine environment to pathological conditions, causing different endometritis levels. The lack of proper diagnostic tools extends the time to conception. Efforts have been made
to elucidate the postpartum uterine environment, including bacterial flora, changes in transient endometrial inflammation, and the pathophysiology of endometritis, to improve bovine
reproductive performance. E. coli and Trueperella pyogenes in the uterus are likely to cause persistent infection, and Mycoplasma
bovigenitalium infection is associated with dystocia and cytological endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Due to the widespread use of cytobrush as a diagnostic tool for bovine
subclinical endometritis (SE) that enables quantification of the degree of inflammation, we found that endometritis at week 5 postpartum was associated with delayed first ovulation.
Approximately 30% of open cows have SE during the postpartum period, and cows with low blood glucose during prepartum have a high risk of developing SE. Additionally, cows with purulent
vaginal discharge do not always have endometritis but only vaginitis and/or cervicitis. Intrauterine infusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) improves fertility and promotes
endometrial epithelial cell regeneration after inducing transient uterine inflammation, suggesting that PVP-I could be a good alternative to antibiotics. In conclusion, prepartum management
to prevent glucose deficiency, prompt diagnosis to identify causative agents and intrauterine inflammation levels, and appropriate treatment to minimize antimicrobial resistance is
beneficial for tackling endometritis and improving reproductive performance in bovine herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Osawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramirez-Garzon O, Soares Magalhaes R, Satake N, Hill J, Jimenez C, Holland MK, McGowan M. Effect of Endometrial Sampling Procedures on Subsequent Pregnancy Rate of Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1683. [PMID: 34198740 PMCID: PMC8228172 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial infections are a common cause of reproductive loss in cattle. Accurate diagnosis is important to reduce the economic losses caused by endometritis. A range of sampling procedures have been developed which enable collection of endometrial tissue or luminal cells or uterine fluid. However, as these are all invasive procedures, there is a risk that sampling around the time of breeding may adversely affect subsequent pregnancy rate. This systematic review compared the pregnancy rates (PR) of cattle which underwent uterine lavage (UL), cotton swab (CS), cytobrush (CB), cytotape (CT), or endometrial biopsy (EB) sampling procedures with those that were not sampled. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, relevant databases, including Pubmed, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts, VetMed Resource-Ruminants, and Scopus, were searched. The outcome measured was the pregnancy rate after the collection of endometrial sample(s). Seven studies, involving a total of 3693 cows, fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and allowed the comparison of PR between sampled (n = 1254) and non-sampled cows (n = 2409). The results of the systematic review showed that endometrial sampling procedures can be performed before breeding or shortly after insemination without adversely affecting pregnancy rates in cattle. However, further studies are needed to validate this information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Ramirez-Garzon
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.S.); (J.H.); (M.K.H.); (M.M.)
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | - Ricardo Soares Magalhaes
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4141, Australia;
| | - Nana Satake
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.S.); (J.H.); (M.K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Jonathan Hill
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.S.); (J.H.); (M.K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Claudia Jimenez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | - Michael K. Holland
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.S.); (J.H.); (M.K.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael McGowan
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.S.); (J.H.); (M.K.H.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Refaat D, Ali A, Saeed EM, Al-Sobayil F, Al-Samri A, Elbehiry A. Diagnostic evaluation of subclinical endometritis in dromedary camels. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 215:106327. [PMID: 32216929 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of various diagnostic methods and to estimate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with subclinical endometritis (SCE) in dromedary camels. During two consecutive breeding seasons, a total of 2122 infertile female dromedaries were assigned to this study and suspected cases of SCE were identified using the established criteria which included failure to conceive after three or more consecutive matings with a fertile male, a clinically healthy genital system, no observable vaginal discharge, and normal sexual behavior. Manual vaginal examination, Metricheck, bacteriological examination using endometrial swabbing, and hemogram assessments were conducted and there were comparisons of results to when there was cytological examination using the Cytobrush technique as the gold standard. The threshold value for positive cases of SCE was set at ≥ 5% polymorphnuclear cells in the cytological samples. Subclinical endometritis was diagnosed in 211 9.94 %) of the total infertility cases. Endometrial swabbing was a more sensitive and specific technique for diagnoses compared with the other methods. Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Candida albicans were the most commonly isolated microorganisms. Hemogram testing and rectal and ultrasonographic examinations were not effective for the diagnosis of SCE. It was concluded that, compared with other diagnostic tests, bacteriological examination is more sensitive and specific for the detection of SCE in dromedaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derar Refaat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Elhassan M Saeed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum
| | - Fahd Al-Sobayil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al-Samri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt; Department of Public Health, Microbiology, College of Public Health, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lambertz C, Völker D, Janowitz U, Gauly M. Evaluation of vaginal discharge with the Metricheck device and the relationship to reproductive performance in postpartum dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:848-52. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lambertz
- Department of Animal Sciences; Georg-August-University; Göttingen Germany
| | - Denise Völker
- Department of Animal Sciences; Georg-August-University; Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Matthias Gauly
- Department of Animal Sciences; Georg-August-University; Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|