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Tian S, Ge X, Wu K, Yang H, Liu Y. Ramipril protects the endothelium from high glucose-induced dysfunction through CaMKKβ/AMPK and heme oxygenase-1 activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:5-13. [PMID: 24741076 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.212928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of ramipril (RPL) on endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus using cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and a type 2 diabetic animal model. The effect of RPL on vasodilatory function in fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rats was assessed. RPL treatment of 8 weeks alleviated insulin resistance and inhibited the decrease in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in diabetic rats. RPL treatment also reduced serum advanced glycation end products (AGE) concentration and rat aorta reactive oxygen species formation and increased aorta endothelium heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Exposure of HAECs to high concentrations of glucose induced prolonged oxidative stress, apoptosis, and accumulation of AGEs. These effects were abolished by incubation of ramiprilat (RPT), the active metabolite of RPL. However, treatment of HAECs with STO-609, a CaMKKβ (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β) inhibitor; compound C, an AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; and Zn(II)PPIX, a selective HO-1 inhibitor, blocked these beneficial effects of RPT. In addition, RPT increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) nuclear translocation and activation in a CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway-dependent manner, leading to increased expression of the Nrf-2-regulated antioxidant enzyme, HO-1. The inhibition of CaMKKβ or AMPK by pharmaceutical approach ablated RPT-induced HO-1 expression. Taken together, RPL ameliorates insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in diabetes via reducing oxidative stress. These effects are mediated by RPL activation of CaMKK-β, which in turn activates the AMPK-Nrf-2-HO-1 pathway for enhanced endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China (S.T., Y.L.); Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California (S.T.); Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China (X.G.); Center for Animal Experiment/ABSL-3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); Center for Medical Research, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); and Department of Basic Theories, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China (H.Y.)
| | - Xinfa Ge
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China (S.T., Y.L.); Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California (S.T.); Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China (X.G.); Center for Animal Experiment/ABSL-3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); Center for Medical Research, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); and Department of Basic Theories, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China (H.Y.)
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China (S.T., Y.L.); Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California (S.T.); Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China (X.G.); Center for Animal Experiment/ABSL-3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); Center for Medical Research, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); and Department of Basic Theories, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China (H.Y.)
| | - Huabing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China (S.T., Y.L.); Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California (S.T.); Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China (X.G.); Center for Animal Experiment/ABSL-3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); Center for Medical Research, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); and Department of Basic Theories, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China (H.Y.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China (S.T., Y.L.); Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California (S.T.); Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China (X.G.); Center for Animal Experiment/ABSL-3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); Center for Medical Research, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (K.W.); and Department of Basic Theories, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China (H.Y.)
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Allen TJ, Hulthen UL, Rumble JR, Jasik M, Cooper ME. Diabetic vascular hypertrophy and albuminuria: effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. J Diabetes Complications 1995; 9:318-22. [PMID: 8573756 DOI: 10.1016/1056-8727(95)80031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with ramipril on mesenteric vascular hypertrophy and urinary albumin excretion was explored in a normotensive model of experimental diabetes. Serial measurements of albuminuria were performed in Sprague-Dawley control, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with ramipril. Over 24 weeks, urinary albumin excretion showed a continuous rise in the untreated diabetic rats. Ramipril prevented the increase in albuminuria over the whole study period. After 6 months, animals were perfused with glutaraldehyde and sacrificed for measurement of mesenteric vessel wall/lumen ratio and kidney weight. Diabetes was associated with increased mesenteric wall/lumen ratio and kidney weight. ACE inhibition, despite no effect on glycemic control, attenuated mesenteric vascular hypertrophy but did not decrease kidney weight. In addition to the well-described renoprotective effects of ACE inhibition in diabetes, this class of agents may have a favorable effect on diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin, Australia
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