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Chacko S, Mamas MA, El-Omar M, Simon D, Haseeb S, Fath-Ordoubadi F, Clarke B, Neyses L, Dunn WB. Perturbations in cardiac metabolism in a human model of acute myocardial ischaemia. Metabolomics 2021; 17:76. [PMID: 34424431 PMCID: PMC8382649 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myocardial ischaemia and the transition from reversible to irreversible myocardial injury are associated with abnormal metabolic patterns. Advances in metabolomics have extended our capabilities to define these metabolic perturbations on a metabolome-wide scale. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to identify cardiac metabolic changes in serum during the first 5 min following early myocardial ischaemia in humans, applying an untargeted metabolomics approach. METHODS Peripheral venous samples were collected from 46 patients in a discovery study (DS) and a validation study (VS) (25 for DS, 21 for VS). Coronary sinus venous samples were collected from 7 patients (4 for DS, 3 for VS). Acute myocardial ischaemia was induced by transient coronary occlusion during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Plasma samples were collected at baseline (prior to PCI) and at 1 and 5 min post-coronary occlusion. Samples were analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in an untargeted metabolomics approach. RESULTS The study observed changes in the circulating levels of metabolites at 1 and 5 min following transient coronary ischaemia. Both DS and VS identified 54 and 55 metabolites as significant (P < 0.05) when compared to baseline levels, respectively. Fatty acid beta-oxidation and anaerobic respiration, lysoglycerophospholipids, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, tryptophan metabolism and sphingosine-1-phosphate were identified as mechanistically important. CONCLUSION Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, the study identified important cardiac metabolic changes in peripheral and coronary sinus plasma, in a human model of controlled acute myocardial ischaemia. Distinct classes of metabolites were shown to be involved in the rapid cardiac response to ischemia and provide insights into diagnostic and interventional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoj Chacko
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Magdi El-Omar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sohaib Haseeb
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Farzin Fath-Ordoubadi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Bernard Clarke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ludwig Neyses
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- University of Luxembourg, 4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Koyani CN, Windischhofer W, Rossmann C, Jin G, Kickmaier S, Heinzel FR, Groschner K, Alavian-Ghavanini A, Sattler W, Malle E. 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹⁴-PGJ₂ promotes inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via the DP2/MAPK/TNFα axis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:472-80. [PMID: 24698234 PMCID: PMC4008937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostaglandins (PGs), lipid autacoids derived from arachidonic acid, play a pivotal role during inflammation. PGD2 synthase is abundantly expressed in heart tissue and PGD2 has recently been found to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis. PGD2 is an unstable prostanoid metabolite; therefore the objective of the present study was to elucidate whether its final dehydration product, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2, present at high levels in ischemic myocardium) might cause cardiomyocyte damage. Methods and results Using specific (ant)agonists we show that 15d-PGJ2 induced formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of p38 and p42/44 MAPKs via the PGD2 receptor DP2 (but not DP1 or PPARγ) in the murine atrial cardiomyocyte HL-1 cell line. Activation of the DP2-ROS-MAPK axis by 15d-PGJ2 enhanced transcription and translation of TNFα and induced apoptosis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Silencing of TNFα significantly attenuated the extrinsic (caspase-8) and intrinsic apoptotic pathways (bax and caspase-9), caspase-3 activation and downstream PARP cleavage and γH2AX activation. The apoptotic machinery was unaffected by intracellular calcium, transcription factor NF-κB and its downstream target p53. Of note, 9,10-dihydro-15d-PGJ2 (lacking the electrophilic carbon atom in the cyclopentenone ring) did not activate cellular responses. Selected experiments performed in primary murine cardiomyocytes confirmed data obtained in HL-1 cells namely that the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cascades are activated via DP2/MAPK/TNFα signaling. Conclusions We conclude that the reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group of 15d-PGJ2 is responsible for the pronounced upregulation of TNFα promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We propose that inhibition of DP2 receptors could provide a possibility to modulate 15d-PGJ2-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N Koyani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Cardiology Department, Medical University of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sandra Kickmaier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ali Alavian-Ghavanini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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Levick S, Loch D, Rolfe B, Reid RC, Fairlie DP, Taylor SM, Brown L. Antifibrotic activity of an inhibitor of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:7000-7. [PMID: 16709861 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.7000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of fibrosis in the chronically hypertensive heart is associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells and cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, an inhibitor of the proinflammatory enzyme, group IIA human secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA), has been found to prevent collagen deposition as an important component of cardiovascular remodeling in a rat model of developing chronic hypertension. Daily treatment of young male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with an sPLA2-IIA inhibitor (KH064, 5-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-4S-(phenyl-heptanoylamino)-pentanoic acid, 5 mg/kg/day p.o.) prevented increases in the content of perivascular (SHR 20.6 +/- 0.9%, n = 5; SHR+KH064 14.0 +/- 1.2%, n = 5) and interstitial (SHR 7.9 +/- 0.3%, n = 6; SHR+KH064 5.4 +/- 0.7%, n = 6) collagen in the left ventricle of rat hearts, but did not affect numbers of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, left ventricular hypertrophy (SHR 2.88 +/- 0.08, n = 12; SHR+KH064 3.09 +/- 0.08 mg/g body weight, n = 9), increased systolic blood pressure, or thoracic aortic responses. This selective antifibrotic activity suggests that sPLA2-IIA may have an important but specific role in cardiac fibrosis, and that its inhibitors could be useful in dissecting molecular pathways leading to fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Levick
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Hunter AL, Bai N, Laher I, Granville DJ. Cytochrome p450 2C inhibition reduces post-ischemic vascular dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2005; 43:213-9. [PMID: 16150654 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome p450 (CYP) inhibitors provide protection against myocardial infarction following both global and focal cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). We hypothesized that sulfaphenazole, an inhibitor of CYP2C6 and 9, also attenuates post-ischemic endothelial dysfunction by reducing CYP-mediated superoxide generation (which scavenges nitric oxide (NO)), thereby restoring NO bioavailability and vascular tone. Rat hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode for 20 min in the presence, or absence, of sulfaphenazole and then subjected to 30 min global no-flow ischemia followed by 15 min reperfusion. Septal coronary resistance arteries were isolated and mounted on glass cannulae for measurements of luminal diameter. Preconstricted arteries were exposed to acetylcholine to elicit endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasodilation. Acetylcholine caused near maximal dilation in control tissues not subjected to I/R. Following I/R, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was reduced. Pretreatment with sulfaphenazole restored endothelial sensitivity to acetylcholine. Vasoresponsiveness to endothelium-independent vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol, were also reduced following I/R. However, sensitivity to endothelium-independent vasodilators was not restored by pretreatment with sulfaphenazole. I/R-induced superoxide production was assessed by dihydroethidium staining of flash frozen hearts. Sulfaphenazole treatment significantly reduced superoxide production in arterial walls following I/R injury. We conclude that sulfaphenazole restores post-ischemic endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasodilation by reducing superoxide production, suggesting that CYP2C9 plays a key role in post-ischemic vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwen L Hunter
- The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Room 166 Burrard Building, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6Z 1Y6
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Vermeiren GL, Claeys MJ, Van Bockstaele D, Grobben B, Slegers H, Bossaert L, Jorens PG. Reperfusion injury after focal myocardial ischaemia: polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation and its clinical implications. Resuscitation 2000; 45:35-61. [PMID: 10838237 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9572(00)00168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The only way to rescue ischaemic tissue is to re-instate the oxygen supply to the tissue. However reperfusion of the ischaemic area not only oxygenates the tissue but also initiates a cascade of processes, which may in some cases result in temporary dysfunction of the myocardium. In order to devise protective measures, it is essential to understand the mechanisms and the triggers of this reperfusion phenomenon. In this review we will mainly focus on the inflammatory response caused by reperfusion. We will cover the different steps of polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation and will briefly discuss the molecular biology of the receptors involved. The currently used pharmacological medications in acute cardiology will be reviewed and in particular their actions on polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation, adhesion and degranulation. This review is a compilation of the current knowledge in the field and the therapeutic progress in the prevention of reperfusion injury made today.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vermeiren
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium
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Lagrand WK, Visser CA, Hermens WT, Niessen HW, Verheugt FW, Wolbink GJ, Hack CE. C-reactive protein as a cardiovascular risk factor: more than an epiphenomenon? Circulation 1999; 100:96-102. [PMID: 10393687 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) may constitute an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. How CRP as a risk factor is involved in cardiovascular disease is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS By reviewing available studies, we discuss explanations for the associations between CRP and cardiovascular disease. CRP levels within the upper quartile/quintile of the normal range constitute an increased risk for cardiovascular events, both in apparently healthy persons and in persons with preexisting angina pectoris. High CRP responses after acute myocardial infarction indicate an unfavorable outcome, even after correction for other risk factors. This link between CRP and cardiovascular disease has been considered to reflect the response of the body to the inflammatory reactions in the atherosclerotic (coronary) vessels and adjacent myocardium. However, because CRP localizes in infarcted myocardium (with colocalization of activated complement), we hypothesize that CRP may directly interact with atherosclerotic vessels or ischemic myocardium by activation of the complement system, thereby promoting inflammation and thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS CRP constitutes an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Unraveling the molecular background of this association may provide new directions for prevention of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Lagrand
- Departments of Cardiology, Pathology and Internal Medicine, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. This article reviews the source and structure of PLA2, the involvement of the enzyme in various biological and pathological phenomena, and the usefulness of PLA2 assays in laboratory diagnostics. Of particular importance is the role of PLA2 in the cellular production of mediators of inflammatory response to various stimuli. Assays for PLA2 activity and mass concentration are discussed, and the results of enzyme determinations in plasma from patients with different pathological conditions are presented. The determination of activity and mass concentration in plasma is particularly useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatitis, multiple organ failure, septic shock, and rheumatoid arthritis. A very important result is the demonstration that PLA2 is an acute phase protein, like CRP. Indeed, there is a close correlation between PLA2 mass concentration and CRP levels in several pathological conditions. Although the determination of C-reactive protein is much easier to perform and is routinely carried out in most clinical laboratories, the assessment of PLA2 activity or mass concentration has to be considered as a reliable approach to obtain a deeper understanding of some pathological conditions and may offer additional information concerning the prognosis of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaiser
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
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Post JA, Wang SY, Langer GA. pHe, [Ca2+]e, and cell death during metabolic inhibition: role of phospholipase A2 and sarcolemmal phospholipids. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 274:H18-26. [PMID: 9458847 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.1.h18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study measures cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during metabolic inhibition as a monitor of sarcolemmal integrity as affected by variation of external pH (pHe) and Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e). The sigmoidal relationship between pHe and LDH release and pHe and net Ca2+ uptake was essentially identical with the 50% maximal value occurring at pH 7.0 for both. This suggests that a process(es) sensitive to both pHe and [Ca2+]e plays a role in cell lysis during the course of metabolic inhibition. Variation of pHe during metabolic inhibition did not alter the decline in cellular ATP, nor did it affect changes in sarcolemmal phospholipid topology. Intracellular pH followed changes of pHe with a few minutes lag. Cell lysis increased in a graded manner as pHe and [Ca2+]e were increased, but pHe was the sole determinant of lysis, i.e., [Ca2+]e level had no effect, at the lowest (6.2) and the highest (8.0) pHe levels. pHe variation did not affect the release of radiolabeled arachidonic acid, nor did inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) affect cell lysis at varying pHe. Therefore, cellular PLA2 activation could not be implicated for a role in cell lysis in the present model of metabolic inhibition. Alternatively, we propose that Ca2+ binding to the cytoplasmic leaflet, in combination with membrane alterations secondary to the metabolic insult, combine to destabilize the sarcolemma (20). This Ca2+ binding to the negatively charged phosphatidylserine results in the expression of the bilayer destabilizing effect of phosphatidylethanolamine. This Ca2+ binding is greatly diminished by lowered pH, resulting in an attenuation of cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Post
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Grönroos JM, Kuttila K, Perttilä J, Nevalainen TJ. Phospholipases A2 in the serum of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:259-62. [PMID: 8605798 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199602000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 and the concentrations of group I and group II phospholipase A2 in the sera of patients during and after coronary artery bypass surgery. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University hospital and research laboratory. PATIENTS Fourteen consecutive patients operated on for ischemic heart disease. INTERVENTIONS The catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 and the serum concentrations of group I and group II phospholipases A2 were measured before, during, and after the operation until the seventh postoperative day. A total of 196 blood samples were taken from 14 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 and the concentration of group II phospholipase A2 increased in the sera of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. The concentration of Group I phospholipase A2 did not change. The catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 correlated significantly with group II but not with group I phospholipase A2 values. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 in serum after coronary artery bypass surgery is due to group II phospholipase A2. The present results suggest that group II phospholipase A2 is responsible for the physiologic and pathophysiologic effects of catalytically active phospholipase A2 after coronary artery bypass surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Grönroos
- Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Finland
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Cirino G, Cicala C, Sorrentino R, Sorrentino L, Browning JL, Page CP. Human recombinant phospholipase A2 inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo in rat and guinea pig. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 252:147-54. [PMID: 8157055 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Platelets contain a phospholipase A2 in their granules which can be released in response to various activating stimuli in vitro as well as in vivo. Human recombinant phospholipase A2 (1-10 micrograms/ml) had no direct effect on platelet aggregation in vitro using rabbit platelet rich plasma. In contrast human recombinant phospholipase A2 (1-20 micrograms/ml) was able to inhibit aggregation of washed rabbit platelet in vitro induced by collagen (0.250-2.0 micrograms/ml). When rabbit platelet rich plasma was recalcified with CaCl2 1 M in the presence of the thrombin inhibitor hirulog (10 micrograms/ml), human recombinant phospholipase A2 (10-40 micrograms/ml) was able to inhibit platelet aggregation. The anti-aggregatory effect was removed by incubation of platelet rich plasma with a monoclonal anti-human recombinant phospholipase A2 antibody. Human recombinant phospholipase A2 (1-10 micrograms) inhibited 111In-labelled platelet accumulation within the thoracic region of rats and guinea pigs induced by i.v. administration of submaximal doses of collagen or adenosine diphosphate. Phospholipase A2 (1-20 micrograms/ml) from Naja mocambique mocambique snake venom had no direct effect on platelet aggregation in vitro. However, Naja phospholipase A2 administered i.v. to rats or guinea pigs was able to induce a dose related accumulation of 111In-labelled platelet within the thoracic region. The inhibitory effect of exogenously added human recombinant phospholipase A2 on platelet aggregation in vivo suggests a possible pathophysiological role for the extracellular form of phospholipase A2 but this property is not a feature of all phospholipase A2 preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cirino
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples, Italy
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Noponen M, Sanfilipo M, Samanich K, Ryer H, Ko G, Angrist B, Wolkin A, Duncan E, Rotrosen J. Elevated PLA2 activity in schizophrenics and other psychiatric patients. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 34:641-9. [PMID: 8292693 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We measured serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in 39 schizophrenics, 26 psychiatric controls, and 26 normal controls using a radioenzymatic assay with phosphatidylcholine as precursor. Serum PLA2 activity was significantly higher in schizophrenics (p = 0.002) and other psychiatric (including substance abusing) patients (p = 0.032) than in normal controls. Enzyme activity did not differ between the schizophrenic patients and psychiatric controls. Fifty-one percent of the schizophrenics and 46% of psychiatric controls had PLA2 values above the highest value for normal controls. In the psychiatric control group higher than normal PLA2 activities were observed in all diagnostic categories, including major depression, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse. In the context of others' findings of increased circulating PLA2 in infectious and inflammatory conditions, these increases must be viewed as disease nonspecific. The significance of these changes and their relationship to other acute-phase protein changes needs to be clarified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Noponen
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center New York, NY 10010
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Kriegsmann J, Müller WD, Richter W, Wunderlich J, Wallukat G. Demonstration of membrane-associated phospholipase A2 in cultivated heart muscle cells by immunogold-technique in surface replicas. Acta Histochem 1993; 95:61-6. [PMID: 8279236 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(11)80389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently we produced mAb's to phospholipase A2 (PIA2) from bee venom for different purposes (allergen-identification and -standardization). Obviously one of these monoclonal antibodies "5D5" binds to a conserved (cross reactive) epitope of membrane PIA2 of intact cells. In this study we demonstrate binding of 5D5 to membrane associated phospholipase A2 of rat heart muscle cells by means of two-step immunogold technique in combination with replica technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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