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Altunina N, Bondarchuk O. EFFECTS OF ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID ON GLYCEMIC STATUS IN 2 TYPE DIABETES PATIENTS WITH СHRONIC CORONARY SYNDROME. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 75:3074-3079. [PMID: 36723330 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202212131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the possibilities of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) to control the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: We examined 80 people with type 2 DM and coronary heart disease who suffered non-Q-myocardial infarction (non-Q-MI). All patients at the time of inclusion in the study received oral hypoglycemic agents, ACE inhibitor, β-blocker, statin and antiplatelet agent. 600 mg of ALA per day for 4 months was added to this treatment. After checking the patients for compliance with the criteria, they were divided into the main and experimental groups. The dosage of alpha-lipoic acid was determined for each of the groups. The results of the treatment were analyzed by determining the mean and standard deviations. RESULTS Results: At the end of the observation period, a significant decrease in the level of fasting glucose (FG) by 11.6% was found, which corresponded to the average size of the clinical effect. The values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the insulin resistance index HOMA (HOMA-IR) showed only a tendency to decrease on the background of treatment. The effect of ALA on postprandial glycemia (PPG) and insulin levels was not detected in this study. CONCLUSION Conclusions: An additional 4-month dose of ALA in addition to baseline therapy showed a moderate effect on the decrease in FG concentration in the absence of significant dynamics in other parameters of glycemic control in the examined patients.
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Cheng Y, Yang X, Tang W, Fu Q, Li H, Liang B. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits sodium arsenite-mediated autophagic death of rat insulinoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221149196. [PMID: 36595328 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221149196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the protective effect of α-lipoic acid on sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induced INS-1 cells injury and its mechanism. METHODS The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The autophagosomes was observed under transmission electron microscopy. The autophagosomes in cells transfected with green fluorescent protein microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) plasmids were observed under a laser scanning con-focal microscope. The expression of LC3-II, P62, PI3K, and mTOR proteins in INS-1 cells treated with a combination of chloroquine (CQ, autophagy inhibitor) and NaAsO2 were detected by Western blot assay. The expression of LC3-II, P62, PI3K, and mTOR proteins were detected in INS-1 cells treated with a combination of rapamycin (autophagy inducer, mTOR inhibitor) and α-LA. RESULTS The cytotoxicity induced by NaAsO2 was reversed by α-LA, and the viability of NaAsO2-treated INS-1 cells increased. α-LA pretreatment decreased the autophagosome accumulation induced by NaAsO2. α-LA also reduced the fluorescence spot aggregation of GFP-LC3 in INS-1 cells exposed to NaAsO2 as observed under a laser scanning con-focal microscope. α-LA inhibited NaAsO2 induced autophagy by up-regulating PI3K and mTOR and down-regulating LC3-II and P62. CQ inhibited NaAsO2 induced autophagy by up-regulating PI3K, mTOR, P62 and down-regulating LC3-II. α-LA inhibited rapamycin-induced autophagy by up-regulating PI3K, mTOR and P62 and down-regulating LC3-II. The results showed that NaAsO2 could induce autophagy activation in INS-1 cells. The α-LA may inhibit autophagy activation by regulating the PI3K/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION The data indicated that α-LA might inhibit the NaAsO2-induced autophagic death of INS-1 cells by regulating the PI3K/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuli Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiong Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- 74720The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Capece U, Moffa S, Improta I, Di Giuseppe G, Nista EC, Cefalo CMA, Cinti F, Pontecorvi A, Gasbarrini A, Giaccari A, Mezza T. Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010018. [PMID: 36615676 PMCID: PMC9824456 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound with antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties which has effects on the regulation of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. ALA is widely prescribed in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy due to its positive effects on nerve conduction and alleviation of symptoms. It is, moreover, also prescribed in other insulin resistance conditions such as metabolic syndrome (SM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. However, several cases of Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS) have been reported in subjects taking ALA. The aim of the present review is to describe the main chemical and biological functions of ALA in glucose metabolism, focusing on its antioxidant activity, its role in modulating insulin sensitivity and secretion and in symptomatic peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy. We also provide a potential explanation for increased risk for the development of IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capece
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Improta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Celestino Nista
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara M. A. Cefalo
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Najafi N, Mehri S, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of alpha lipoic acid on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2300-2323. [PMID: 35234312 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease with medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) possesses various pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypotensive, and hypolipidemia actions. It exhibits reactive oxygen species scavenger properties against oxidation and age-related inflammation and refines MetS components. Also, α-LA activates the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibits the NFκb. It can decrease cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and vascular stiffness. α-LA decreases lipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein levels, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, α-LA increases insulin secretion, glucose transport, and insulin sensitivity. These changes occur via PI3K/Akt activation. On the other hand, α-LA treats central obesity by increasing adiponectin levels and mitochondrial biogenesis and can reduce food intake mainly by SIRT1 stimulation. In this review, the most relevant articles have been discussed to determine the effects of α-LA on different components of MetS with a special focus on different molecular mechanisms behind these effects. This review exhibits the potential properties of α-LA in managing MetS; however, high-quality studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of α-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. Maintaining Effective Beta Cell Function in the Face of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Glucolipotoxicity-Nutraceutical Options. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 35052168 PMCID: PMC8775473 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In people with metabolic syndrome, episodic exposure of pancreatic beta cells to elevated levels of both glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs)-or glucolipotoxicity-can induce a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This in turn can lead to a chronic state of glucolipotoxicity and a sustained loss of GSIS, ushering in type 2 diabetes. Loss of GSIS reflects a decline in beta cell glucokinase (GK) expression associated with decreased nuclear levels of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) factor that drives its transcription, along with that of Glut2 and insulin. Glucolipotoxicity-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stemming from both mitochondria and the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase, drives an increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity that promotes nuclear export of PDX1, and impairs autocrine insulin signaling; the latter effect decreases PDX1 expression at the transcriptional level and up-regulates beta cell apoptosis. Conversely, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) promotes nuclear import of PDX1 via cAMP signaling. Nutraceuticals that quell an increase in beta cell ROS production, that amplify or mimic autocrine insulin signaling, or that boost GLP-1 production, should help to maintain GSIS and suppress beta cell apoptosis in the face of glucolipotoxicity, postponing or preventing onset of type 2 diabetes. Nutraceuticals with potential in this regard include the following: phycocyanobilin-an inhibitor of NOX2; agents promoting mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, such as ferulic acid, lipoic acid, melatonin, berberine, and astaxanthin; myo-inositol and high-dose biotin, which promote phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation; and prebiotics/probiotics capable of boosting GLP-1 secretion. Complex supplements or functional foods providing a selection of these agents might be useful for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty M. Autophagy-induced degradation of Notch1, achieved through intermittent fasting, may promote beta cell neogenesis: implications for reversal of type 2 diabetes. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001028. [PMID: 31218007 PMCID: PMC6546199 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Repetto EM, Wiszniewski M, Bonelli AL, Vecino CV, Martinez Calejman C, Arias P, Cymeryng CB. Impaired HPA axis function in diabetes involves adrenal apoptosis and phagocytosis. Endocrine 2019; 63:602-614. [PMID: 30242601 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to analyze the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the modulation of glucocorticoid production in the adrenal cortex of diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with or without streptozotocin (STZ, an insulinopenic model of diabetes) and either α-lipoic (90 mg/kg ip.), α-tocopherol (200 mg/kg po.) or with STZ and supplemented with insulin (STZ + INS: 2.5U/day) for 4 weeks. Oxidative/nitrosative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes were determined in adrenocortical tissues. Apoptosis and macrophage activation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (TUNEL and ED1+). Basal and ACTH-stimulated corticosterone production were assessed by RIA and plasma ACTH levels were determined by an immunometric assay. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed a diminished response to exogenous ACTH stimulation along with higher basal corticosterone and lower plasma ACTH levels. In the adrenal cortex we determined an increase in the levels of lipoperoxides, S-nitrosothiols, nitric oxide synthase activity and nitro-tyrosine modified proteins while catalase activity and heme oxygenase-1 expression levels were also elevated. Antioxidant treatments were effective in the prevention of these effects, and in the increase in the number of apoptotic and phagocytic (ED1+) cells detected in diabetic rats. No changes were observed in the STZ + INS group. CONCLUSIONS Generation of oxidative/nitrosative stress in the adrenal cortex of diabetic rats leads to the induction of apoptosis and the activation of adrenocortical macrophages and is associated with an elevated basal corticosteronemia and the loss of the functional capacity of the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban M Repetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular (LEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Morena Wiszniewski
- Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular (LEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana L Bonelli
- Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular (LEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina V Vecino
- Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular (LEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Martinez Calejman
- Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular (LEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Arias
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cora B Cymeryng
- Facultad de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular (LEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abd-Ellah HF, Abou-Zeid NRA. Role of alpha-lipoic acid in ameliorating Cyclosporine A-induced pancreatic injury in albino rats: A structural, ultrastructural, and morphometric study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:196-208. [PMID: 28272982 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1286422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) against cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats. Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four equal groups. Group I treated orally (per os, p.o.) with vehicles and served as control; Group II received α-LA (100 mg/kg b.w. /day, p.o.) for 21 days; Group III received CsA (25 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.) for 21 days; and Group IV received α-LA 1 hr before oral treatment by CsA for 21 days. Histological examination of the pancreas of CsA-treated rats showed marked changes represented by wide interlobular septae that contained congested blood vessels, cytoplasmic vacuolation of some acinar cells, and distortion of the other cells. Most of the islets of Langerhans showed vacuolation, degenerative changes, and loss of uniform cellular distribution. Some of the islets appeared shrunken with few cells. In the CsA group, the immunohistochemical and morphometric study demonstrated a decrease in the number of insulin-secreting β-cells and also a reduction in islet diameters, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004), respectively, compared with the control group. Ultrastructure of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells of the CsA-treated group confirmed the light microscopic observation and showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, decreased zymogen and secretory granules, damaged mitochondria, and abnormal nuclei. However, α-LA administration simultaneously with CsA resulted in some sort of regression of the previously mentioned effects. CONCLUSION α-LA attenuated CsA-induced structural and ultrastructural changes in pancreatic cells, which were nearly reverted to their normal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala F Abd-Ellah
- a Department of Zoology, Women College for Arts, Science and Education , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nadia R A Abou-Zeid
- b Electron Microscope Lab., Ain Shams Specialized Hospital , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Topsakal S, Ozmen O, Cankara FN, Yesilot S, Bayram D, Genç Özdamar N, Kayan S. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates high-fructose-induced pancreatic toxicity. Pancreatology 2016; 16:347-52. [PMID: 27025195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) causes several problems such as insulin resistance. The goal of the study was to investigate pancreatic damage induced by chronic HFCS consumption and the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on pancreatic cells. METHODS Wistar Albino, 4-month-old, female rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly distributed into three groups, each containing eight rats. The study included an HFCS group, an HFCS + ALA-administered group and a control group (CON). The prepared 30% solution of HFCS (F30) (24% fructose, 28% dextrose) was added to the drinking water for 10 weeks. ALA treatment was begun 4 weeks after the first HFCS administration (100 mg/kg/oral, last 6 weeks). Rats were anaesthetised and euthanised by cervical dislocation 24 h after the last ALA administration. Blood samples for biochemical tests (amylase, lipase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT)) and tissue samples for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations (caspase-3, insulin and glucagon) were collected. RESULTS Comparing the control and HFCS groups, serum glucose (150.92 ± 39.77 and 236.50 ± 18.28, respectively, p < 0.05), amylase (2165.00 ± 150.76 and 3027.66 ± 729.19, respectively, p < 0.01), lipase (5.58 ± 2.22 and 11.51 ± 2.74, respectively, p < 0.01) and pancreatic tissue MDA (0.0167 ± 0.004 and 0.0193 ± 0.006, respectively, p < 0.05) levels were increased, whereas tissue CAT (0.0924 ± 0.029 and 0.0359 ± 0.023, respectively, p < 0.05) activity decreased in the HFCS group significantly. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes in Langerhans islet cells and slight inflammatory cell infiltration in pancreatic tissue in the HFCS group. Immunohistochemically there was a significant decrease in insulin (2.85 ± 0.37 and 0.87 ± 0.64, respectively, p < 0.001) and glucagon (2.71 ± 0.48 and 1.00 ± 0.75, respectively, p < 0.001) secreting cell scores, whereas a greater increase in caspase-3 (0.14 ± 0.37 and 1.00 ± 0.75, respectively, p < 0.05) expression was seen in this group compared with the controls. In the ALA-treated group, all of these pathologic conditions were improved. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated HFCS induced pancreatic lesions, but ALA had ameliorative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Topsakal
- Pamuklale University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Nihan Cankara
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sukriye Yesilot
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Bucak School of Health, Department of Nursing, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bayram
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Genç Özdamar
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Kayan
- Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Isparta, Turkey
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Lin CY, Huang PJ, Chao CY. Chlorella protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced pancreatic β-cell damage. J Med Food 2015; 17:1273-80. [PMID: 25250885 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Studies have shown that chlorella could be important in health promotion or disease prevention through its antioxidant capacity. However, whether chlorella has a cytoprotective effect in pancreatic β-cells remains to be elucidated. We investigated the protective effects of chlorella on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in INS-1 (832/13) cells. Chlorella partially restored cell viability after H2O2 toxicity. To further investigate the effects of chlorella on mitochondria function and cellular oxidative stress, we analyzed mitochondria membrane potential, ATP concentrations, and cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chlorella prevented mitochondria disruption and maintained cellular ATP levels after H2O2 toxicity. It also normalized intracellular levels of ROS to that of control in the presence of H2O2. Chlorella protected cells from apoptosis as indicated by less p-Histone and caspase 3 activation. In addition, chlorella not only enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but also partially restored the reduced GSIS after H2O2 toxicity. Our results suggest that chlorella is effective in amelioration of cellular oxidative stress and destruction, and therefore protects INS-1 (832/13) cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and increases insulin secretion. Chlorella should be studied for use in the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Lin
- 1 Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee HJ, Choi YJ, Park SY, Kim JY, Won KC, Son JK, Kim YW. Hexane Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Induces Insulin Expression and Prevents Glucotoxicity in INS-1 Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:51-8. [PMID: 25729713 PMCID: PMC4342537 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia, a characteristic feature of diabetes, induces glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells, resulting in further impairment of insulin secretion and worsening glycemic control. Thus, preservation of insulin secretory capacity is essential for the management of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the ability of an Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) extract to prevent glucotoxicity in insulin-producing cells. METHODS We measured insulin mRNA expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in OS-treated INS-1 cells after exposure to a high glucose (HG; 30 mM) concentration. RESULTS The hexane extract of OS elevated mRNA expression of insulin as well as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 of INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The hexane OS extract also increased the levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, Akt phosphorylation was elevated by treatment with 100 and 200 µmol of the hexane OS extract. Three days of HG exposure suppressed insulin mRNA expression and GSIS; these expressions were restored by treatment with the hexane OS extract. HG elevated peroxide levels in the INS-1 cells. These levels were unaffected by OS treatment under both normal and hyperglycemic conditions. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the hexane extract of OS elevates insulin mRNA expression and prevents glucotoxicity induced by a 3-day treatment with HG. This was associated with the activation of PI-3K and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Keun Son
- Yeungnam University College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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12
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Li W, Wang C, Peng J, Liang J, Jin Y, Liu Q, Meng Q, Liu K, Sun H. α-Lipoic acid protects HAECs from high glucose-induced apoptosis via decreased oxidative stress, ER stress and mitochondrial injury. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA) has a wide range of benefits in treating diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM vascular diseases, however, the specific mechanisms are not clearly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
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13
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Dong Y, Wang H, Chen Z. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via Insulin Receptor and PI3K/Akt-Dependent Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:903186. [PMID: 26294909 PMCID: PMC4532939 DOI: 10.1155/2015/903186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has various pharmacological effects such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. In the present study, administration of ALA (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days resulted in a significant decrease in neuronal deficit score and infarct volume and a significant increase in grip time and latency time in Morris water maze at 48 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats. ALA also reduced the increased TUNEL-positive cells rate and the enhanced caspase-3 activity induced by MCAO/R. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that ALA could activate insulin receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, inhibit the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase, and subsequently suppress the generation of superoxide and the augment of oxidative stress indicators including MDA, protein carbonylation, and 8-OHdG. In conclusion, ALA attenuates cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via insulin receptor and PI3K/Akt-dependent inhibition of NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Fourth Centre Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, China
- *Yinhua Dong:
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Fourth Centre Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Zefeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Fourth Centre Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, China
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14
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Batumalaie K, Qvist R, Yusof KM, Ismail IS, Sekaran SD. The antioxidant effect of the Malaysian Gelam honey on pancreatic hamster cells cultured under hyperglycemic conditions. Clin Exp Med 2013; 14:185-95. [PMID: 23584372 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes consists of progressive hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell failure which could result from glucose toxicity, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigate the effect of pretreatment with Gelam honey (Melaleuca spp.) and the individual flavonoid components chrysin, luteolin, and quercetin, on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell viability, lipid peroxidation, and insulin content in hamster pancreatic cells (HIT-T15 cells), cultured under normal and hyperglycemic conditions. Phenolic extracts from a local Malaysian species of Gelam honey (Melaleuca spp.) were prepared using the standard extraction methods. HIT-T15 cells were cultured in 5 % CO2 and then preincubated with Gelam honey extracts (20, 40, 60, and 80 μg/ml) as well as some of its flavonoid components chrysin, luteolin, and quercetin (20, 40, 60, and 80 μM), prior to stimulation by 20 and 50 mM of glucose. The antioxidative effects were measured in these cultured cells at different concentrations and time point by DCFH-DA assay. Pretreatment of cells with Gelam honey extract or the flavonoid components prior to culturing in 20 or 50 mM glucose showed a significant decrease in the production of ROS, glucose-induced lipid peroxidation, and a significant increase in insulin content and the viability of cells cultured under hyperglycemic condition. Our results show the in vitro antioxidative property of the Gelam honey and the flavonoids on the β-cells from hamsters and its cytoprotective effect against hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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