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Rostaminasab S, Nematollahi M, Jahani Y, Mehdipour-Rabori R. The effect of family-centered empowerment model on burden of care in parents and blood glucose level of children with type I diabetes family empowerment on burden of care and HbA1C. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:214. [PMID: 37340394 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play a critical role in caring for their children with diabetes and bear a significant burden of care. Health education has increasingly focused on empowering parents through new strategic methods. The present study aims to investigate the impact of a family-centered empowerment model on the burden of care in parents and blood glucose levels of children with type I diabetes. METHODS An interventional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, where 100 children with type I diabetes and their parents were randomly selected as participants. The study aimed to implement a family-centered empowerment model in the intervention group, which consisted of four stages (educational phase, increasing self-efficacy, improving self-confidence, and evaluation) over a period of one month. The control group received routine training. The Zarit Caregiver Burden questionnaire and HbA1c log sheet were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Questionnaires were administered before, after, and two months post-intervention, and data were analyzed using SPSS 15. Non-parametric tests were employed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Before the study, no significant differences in demographic variables, level of burden of care, or HbA1C levels were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). After the intervention, the burden of care score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group, both immediately post-intervention and two months later (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the median HbA1C levels in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group after two months (6.5 in the intervention group and 9 in the control group) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of a family-centered empowerment model is an effective strategy for reducing the burden of care on parents of children with type 1 diabetes and for controlling the HbA1C levels of these children. Based on these results, it is recommended that healthcare professionals consider incorporating this approach into their educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rostaminasab
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Monirsadat Nematollahi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yones Jahani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mehdipour-Rabori
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Suharsono S, Faidah N, Hanafi M. The effectiveness of nursing psychoeducation toward family burden and quality life on caregiver of people with schizophrenia in the community. HEALTHCARE IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/hls.2023.11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The caregivers of people with schizophrenia have problems that include high family, burden and low quality of life at home. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of nursing psychoeducation on family, burdens and quality of life in caregivers of schizophrenia patients in the community.
Design and Methods: This study used a pre-test and post-test group control design and repeated measurement with a total of 100 respondents. The treatment group was given weekly nursing psychoeducation for seven sessions. Also, the general linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the result.
Results: This study showed that before the intervention of nursing psychoeducation, the average family burden was 49,02 and 46.28 in the treatment and control groups, respectively. This decreased to 38.24 and 37.56 in the first and fourth weeks of posttreatment. Meanwhile, the control group was 44.86 in the first week and 45.62 in the fourth. The psychoeducation had an effect on decreasing the family burden with a p value < 0.001. Moreover, this study showed that before the intervention of nursing psychoeducation, the average caregiver quality of life was 75,72 and 74.24 in the treatment. After treatment, it increased to 91.22 in the first week after intervention and 92.54 in the fourth week of post-intervention. Therefore, the intervention effectively improved the caregiver quality of life with p < 0.001
Conclusions: Nursing psychoeducation can effectively reduce family burdens and improve the quality of life for caregivers.
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Caring for Patients with Psychosis: Mental Health Professionals' Views on Informal Caregivers' Needs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062964. [PMID: 33799346 PMCID: PMC8001319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the views of mental health professionals regarding the needs of the informal caregivers of patients with chronic psychotic syndrome. A qualitative research design was used. The sample consisted of 12 mental health professionals selected by a purposive sampling strategy. Data were collected through semistructured, face to face interviews. Framework analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and establish main themes and subthemes. Three main themes emerged namely, (i) impact of caring on caregivers’ lives, (ii) caregivers’ needs, and (iii) recommendations for better care. Informal caregivers’ needs were conceptualized into subthemes within the main themes. Caregivers’ increased responsibilities of caring for their relatives, the impact on their mental and physical health status and the restrictions in their social and professional life were revealed. Targeted health interventions and social policy planning are recommended for supporting informal caregivers and improving patient care.
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Gıynaş Ayhan M, Köse A, Kırcı Ercan S, Yıldız Bozdoğan Ş, Yardım Özayhan H, Eren İ. Toplum ruh sağlığı merkezi hizmetlerinden yararlanan şizofreni tanılı hastaların yakınlarındaki bakım yükü: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.553434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Hasan AAH, Jaber AA. The effect of a family intervention on primary caregivers psychological outcomes: Findings from the integrative literature review. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:277-290. [PMID: 30604874 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This literature review examines the effectiveness of the family interventions (FIs) targeted at the primary caregivers of people diagnosed with schizophrenia on improving the knowledge level of schizophrenia and health-related outcomes. METHODS A total of nine studies were reviewed from December 1999 to May 2017. The methods described by the Center for Reviews and Dissemination were used to guide this review. RESULTS The FIs showed consistent improvement in the knowledge level of schizophrenia among participants for various follow-up intervals. In addition, FIs were found to be superior to treatment as usual in influencing health-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Implications of the findings for mental healthcare practice to include primary caregivers with the patient in the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Al-Hadi Hasan
- Nursing Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Mental Health Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala Abu Jaber
- Nursing Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Hyun MS, Nam KA, Kim H. Effects of a Brief Empowerment Program for Families of Persons with Mental Illness in South Korea: A Pilot Study. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:8-14. [PMID: 29847184 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1453000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Families of persons with mental illness (PMIs) are considered important resources for PMIs rather than as contributors to their mental illness. However, these families experience not only the burden of caregiving but also social stigma and discrimination in various aspects of their lives, and their psychosocial needs tend to be overlooked. This was a pilot study to explore the effects of a brief empowerment program on the empowerment and quality of life of families of PMIs in South Korea. A repeated-measures design with a control group and pre/post-follow-up testing was used. We enrolled 18 participants (experimental group = 9, control group = 9). The experimental group participated in an empowerment program consisting of four sessions over 4 weeks. Data were collected before and after the program, and again 4 weeks later. The χ2-test, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test, and repeated-measures analysis of covariance were used, as appropriate, to analyze data. The program significantly increased empowerment (F = 4.66, p = .020) and quality of life (F = 5.83, p = .009) among participants in the experimental group over time. Its therapeutic features, such as sharing their experiences, discussion, and presentations, can be applied to create effective psychosocial interventions for families of PMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Sun Hyun
- a Ajou University College of Nursing , Institute of Nursing Science , Suwon , South Korea
| | - Kyoung A Nam
- b Hallym University Division of Nursing , Research Institute of Nursing Science , Chuncheon , South Korea
| | - Hyunlye Kim
- c Chosun University Department of Nursing , School of Medicine , Gwangju , South Korea
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Attepe Özden S, Tuncay T. The experiences of Turkish families caring for individuals with Schizophrenia: A qualitative inquiry. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:497-505. [PMID: 29862853 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018779090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Turkey, individuals with schizophrenia usually live with their families. Therefore, families are main caregivers and face psychological, financial and social problems. AIM The aim of this study is to understand the personal burdens and coping strategies, and social support affecting the families that provide care to the individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 31 members of 12 families. RESULTS Four themes were formed: learning and accepting the disorder, caregiving, social dimensions and service dimensions. Families have a problem with accepting this order and caregiving affects their quality of life both financially and socially. As schizophrenia is one of the reasons for being isolated from community, families prefer hiding it. Although families are satisfied with community-based systems, they need long-term solution, training and financial aid. CONCLUSIONS To reduce the burden, family therapies, education and psychological support should be provided for families, and job opportunities, long-term caregiving services and psychological support should be provided for individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Attepe Özden
- 1 Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tarık Tuncay
- 2 Department of Social Work, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Gonçalves-Pereira M, González-Fraile E, Santos-Zorrozúa B, Martín-Carrasco M, Fernández-Catalina P, Domínguez-Panchón AI, Muñoz-Hermoso P, Ballesteros J. Assessment of the consequences of caregiving in psychosis: a psychometric comparison of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28381222 PMCID: PMC5382493 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was originally developed to assess the level of subjective burden in caregivers of people with dementia. The Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) is amongst the leading scales to assess caregiving consequences in severe mental illness. We aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the ZBI, a generic tool, and of the IEQ, a more specific tool to assess the consequences of caregiving in schizophrenia and related disorders. Methods Secondary analyses of a 16-week, randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational intervention in 223 primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychometric properties (internal consistency, convergent and discriminative validity, and sensitivity to change) were evaluated for both ZBI and IEQ. Results Internal consistency was good and similar for both scales (ZBI: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.94; IEQ: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.89). Convergent validity was relevant for similar domains (e.g. ZBI total score vs IEQ-tension r = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.75) and at least moderate for the rest of domains (ZBI total score, personal strain and role strain vs IEQ-urging and supervision). Discriminative validity against psychological distress and depressive symptoms was good (Area Under the Curve [AUC]: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.83; and 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.78 – for ZBI against GHQ-28 and CES-D respectively; and AUC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.78; and 0.69, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.77 – for IEQ against GHQ-28 and CES-D respectively). AUCs against the reference criteria did not differ significantly between the two scales. After the intervention, both scales showed a significant decrease at endpoint (p-values < 0.001) with similar standardised effect sizes for change (-0.36, 95% CI: -0.58, -0.15 – for ZBI; -0.39, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.18 – for IEQ). Conclusions Both ZBI and IEQ have shown satisfactory psychometric properties to assess caregiver burden in this sample. We provided further evidence on the performance of the ZBI as a general measure of subjective burden. Trial registration (ISRCTN32545295).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Clínica Psiquiátrica de S. José (Sisters Hospitallers), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo González-Fraile
- Institute of Psychiatric Research (Sisters Hospitallers), Bilbao, Spain. .,Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Martín-Carrasco
- Institute of Psychiatric Research (Sisters Hospitallers), Bilbao, Spain.,Padre Menni Psychiatric Clinic (Sisters Hospitallers), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Mental Health, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Ballesteros
- University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,CIBER Mental Health, Leioa, Spain
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Lewis LF. Meta-Ethnography of Qualitative Research on the Experience of Being a Partner to an Individual with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2017; 38:219-232. [PMID: 27996343 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1259699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several qualitative studies explore the experience of being a partner to an individual with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, but these studies remain isolated "islands of knowledge." This meta-ethnography aimed to synthesize current qualitative studies using Noblit and Hare's method. Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion. Three overarching themes were revealed: unmet expectations of relationship, renegotiating relationship roles, and separation versus togetherness. Themes interacted as a cycle with separation versus togetherness as temporal endpoints. Partners also renegotiated relationships with mental health professionals to accommodate unmet expectations. Leverage points for intervention were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Foran Lewis
- a University of Vermont , College of Nursing and Health Sciences , Burlington , Vermont , USA
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Yazici E, Karabulut Ü, Yildiz M, Baskan Tekeş S, Inan E, Çakir U, Boşgelmez Ş, Turgut C. Burden on Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia and Related Factors. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:96-101. [PMID: 28360779 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2015.9963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia are under the burden of continuous and difficult processes. Determination of the factors related to caregiver burden in schizophrenia may help find strategies to decrease the burden. This study aimed at investigating the factors associated with caregiver burden among relatives of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Eighty-eight caregivers of patients under treatment for schizophrenia for at least 1 year were included in the study. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was used for the assessment of caregiver burden. Sociodemographical data, the level of knowledge about schizophrenia, clinical impression scale, and global assessment of functioning were used to evaluate the related factors. RESULTS Caregiver burden was negatively correlated with income level and functionality of the patient and was positively correlated with the age of the caregiver, the daily time spent with the patient, and the number of hospitalizations of the patient (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the caregivers' knowledge about schizophrenia and caregiver burden (p<0.05). Living in the same house with the patient was a positive predictor, whereas functionality and income level of the patient and education level of the caregiver were negative predictors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study highlighted the importance of setting targets for improving the functionality of patients in the design and implementation of rehabilitation and support programs for patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, providing higher income for patients, creating conditions for an independent life, and increasing incentives for younger caregivers with a higher educational level may help decrease caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ümit Karabulut
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yildiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sinem Baskan Tekeş
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Eda Inan
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Uğur Çakir
- Department of Psychiatry, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Şükriye Boşgelmez
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Celaleddin Turgut
- Department of Psychiatry, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Martín-Carrasco M, Fernández-Catalina P, Domínguez-Panchón AI, Gonçalves-Pereira M, González-Fraile E, Muñoz-Hermoso P, Ballesteros J. A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention on caregiver burden in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 33:9-17. [PMID: 26852375 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient's relatives usually care for patients with schizophrenia, and as informal caregivers they experience negative consequences. The aim of the EDUCA-III trial is to test the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention program (PIP) versus standard care to reduce the caregiver burden at post-intervention (4 months), and at follow-up (8 months). METHOD A two-arm, evaluator blind, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. The PIP group had 12 weekly group sessions. The control intervention group had the usual support and standard care. Primary outcomes were change scores since baseline on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ). RESULTS One hundred and nine caregivers were randomized to PIP and 114 to control condition from 23 research sites. The decrease of ZBI scores was significantly higher on the PIP arm at 4 months (mean difference [MD]=-4.33; 95% CI -7.96, -0.71), and at 8 months (MD=-4.46; 95% CI -7.79, -1.13). There were no significant decreases in the IEQ scores (MD at 4 months=-2.80; 95% CI -6.27, 0.67; MD at 8 months=-2.85; 95% CI -6.51, 0.81). CONCLUSIONS The PIP condition seems to reduce caregiver burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN32545295.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martín-Carrasco
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Bilbao, Spain; Padre Menni Psychiatric Centre, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Mental Health, Spain
| | | | | | - M Gonçalves-Pereira
- Clínica Psiquiátrica de S. José (Sisters Hospitallers), Lisboa, Portugal; CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - J Ballesteros
- University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; CIBER Mental Health, Spain
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Tsiouri I, Gena A, Economou MP, Bonotis KS, Mouzas O. Does Long-Term Group Psychoeducation of Parents of Individuals with Schizophrenia Help the Family as a System? A Quasi-Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2015.1076294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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